Li zai's previous and later generations in Longxi.

Li in Longxi started from Didao, then spread to all parts of the country, and finally developed into the first surname of China, behind which was a little-known road of migration.

According to Records of the Historian, both Li, who became a discipline in Longxi and Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu at the end of Han Dynasty, were devastated, and Li, who was also involved in this incident, also "declined". However, the millipede is dead but not stiff. From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Li family in Longxi rose again, serving as an official for generations and becoming a powerful family in Longxi.

Li's rise in Longxi began in Gui Li. Li's first emperor in Longxi was Li Gui, the king of Xiliang, who was born in the sixth year of Yonghe (AD 35 1). He is Li's "authentic room" in Longxi, and he is the19th generation grandson of Li Zhongxiang, a general in the early Han Dynasty. In 400 AD, Li Jian named "Gengzi" established Xiliang regime in Dunhuang, and later moved to Jiuquan. Later, the descendants of Li Jue were trusted by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and many people held official positions all over the country. Later, they settled their homes on official land and finally formed different houses.

Among the numerous Li tribes in Longxi, four families are the most prosperous. This is the house of Wuyang (the old city is 40 miles west of Chaocheng County, Shandong Province), Guzang (now Wuwei County, Gansu Province), Danyang (now northeast of Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) and Dunhuang (now Dunhuang County, Gansu Province). In the Tang Dynasty, there were ten prime ministers in these four families, who were immortal because of their outstanding achievements.

Among them, the most striking is the Dunhuang Lee, the ancestor of Li Mu. Mr. Zhang Shucheng believes that Sun Limu, a descendant of Li Ling, is the ancestor of Li Dunhuang House in Longxi. It turned out that after Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu, she married Tuoba GUI, the daughter of Xiongnu Khan. According to the custom of Hu people, he often takes his mother's surname, so the descendants of Li Ling take Tuoba as their surname. Shortly after Li Ling's death, civil strife broke out in Xiongnu, and Li Ling's son moved to the east of osawa. At the end of Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Tuoba Department of Liling descendants formed the Tuoba Department of Xianbei through marriage. Hundreds of years later, the tribe established the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 450 AD, a tragedy happened in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Due to environmental changes, the royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied the Tuoba family of the descendants of Li Ling. The descendants of Li Ling restored their surnames in order to save themselves. This point has been mentioned in the epitaph of Li Xian unearthed in Guyuan, Ningxia.

And his third brother, Li Mu, once served as an official and settled in Dunhuang, becoming the distant ancestor of Li's Dunhuang mansion in Longxi.

In the long years, Li has grown to more than 1 100 million, becoming the first surname in China, and there are still many in Lintao today. At present, there are 80,000 people surnamed Li in Lintao County, accounting for one seventh of the county's population. Li Ruilin, who studies Li culture in Lintao County, introduced this situation to us.

In Lintao, there are 76 villages named after Li, which can be said to be everywhere. "Li Jiawan" alone has 10. In addition, there are some villages that are also very interesting, such as the "paper house Li family", which may have the unique skills of papermaking; Does the "kiln head Li family" live in the lime kiln or other kilns first? There are also many Li surnames, such as Wafang Li, Da Li, Xiao Li, Shan Li and He Li, which have become natural museums to display Li culture.