Prevention of primary esophageal cancer

Preventive measures: Do not eat moldy and spoiled food; Do not eat overheated or overheated food, and it is better to drink tea and porridge below 5℃; Prevent water pollution and improve water quality; Do not smoke or drink alcohol; Supplementing trace elements needed by human body; Eat more fruits and vegetables and increase the intake of vitamin C. Monitoring susceptible people, popularizing anti-cancer knowledge and raising anti-cancer awareness.

Esophageal cancer and diet

1. Don't eat too much meat. Because of the high fat content in meat, you can eat more fish and shrimp to meet the body's demand for protein.

2, pickles, bacon and other foods contain carcinogen nitrite, so you should eat less.

3. Moldy rice, noodles, peanuts and other foods contain carcinogenic aflatoxin. Once found, they should be discarded.

4. Wash the rice before cooking and porridge to reduce the damage of mildew to the body.

5. frying food frequently will increase the pollution of the kitchen and make people prone to lung cancer.

6. The stored water in the water tank should be renewed every 2-3 days, and roots should not always be left, because the bacteria left in the sediment at the bottom of the tank can reduce nitrate in the water to carcinogenic nitrite.

7. Eat more foods rich in cellulose, such as celery, leeks, fresh dates and sweet potatoes.

8. Smoked fish, meat, sausages and other foods contain carcinogenic smoke tar, so you should eat less.

Don't put too much oil in cooking. Studies show that breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer are all related to too much fat intake.

9. Don't buy stale or rotten vegetables and fruits for cheap.

contraindications between chemotherapy for esophageal cancer

Many patients with esophageal cancer or other tumors are convinced of the anti-cancer effect of vitamin C, and often take vitamin C drugs by themselves. In fact, so far there is little evidence to support the anti-cancer effect of vitamin C. On the contrary, a series of adverse reactions such as dizziness, fatigue, low back pain and headache will occur if vitamin C is taken excessively for a long time.

during chemotherapy, if vitamin c is supplemented in large quantities, urine will be acidified, which is not conducive to the dissolution and discharge of uric acid crystals, and it is easy to form stones, which will lead to hematuria, renal colic and even aggravate renal function damage. Especially for cancer patients who are sensitive to chemotherapy, such as small cell lung cancer, malignant lymphoma, leukemia, etc., they often advocate drinking more water to ensure adequate urine volume and help uric acid crystal dissolve, rather than supplementing vitamin C.

radish leaves, rape, parsley, tomatoes and other vegetables are often recommended for cancer patients to improve their immunity because they are rich in vitamin C .. It should be emphasized that the vitamin C obtained in the diet can basically meet the needs of tumor patients, so it is unnecessary to take extra vitamin C tablets, especially during chemotherapy. Excessive vitamin C supplementation can weaken the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and affect the chemotherapy effect.

In addition, patients with esophageal cancer complicated with gout, hyperoxaluria, diabetes, hemochromatosis and other diseases should not take vitamin C indiscriminately. Tumor patients with venous thrombosis often use antiplatelet drugs, and vitamin C can prevent aspirin excretion and increase the blood drug concentration. Therefore, for such patients, it is necessary to follow the doctor's instructions and eat normally.

genetic background factors of esophageal cancer

the incidence of esophageal cancer has obvious family aggregation phenomenon, which is related to the susceptibility of the population and environmental factors. In the high incidence area of esophageal cancer, it is not uncommon for families of patients with esophageal cancer to appear for three or more generations in a row. Investigations in Shanxi, Shandong, Henan and other provinces in China found that about 1/4 ~ 1/2 patients with esophageal cancer had a positive family history, and the proportion of positive family history in high-incidence areas was the highest in paternal line, followed by maternal line and the lowest in collateral line. Even after more than a hundred years, the incidence rate of immigrants who moved from high-incidence areas to low-incidence areas is relatively high. Living environment also affects the incidence of esophageal cancer. It has been found that 1/2 patients with esophageal cancer have lived with their families for more than 2 years in high-incidence areas. The influence of genetic and environmental factors on the incidence of esophageal cancer may be a change at the molecular level. It has been found that in some cancer-prone families, there are often point mutations or loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes, such as P53. In this group, if another allele is mutated by acquired factors, it will cause abnormal expression of oncogenes and form cancer. The data show that there are indeed mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in patients with esophageal cancer.

postoperative esophageal cancer and nasal feeding

patients with esophageal cancer need nasal feeding in the first five days after surgery, and many patients and their families don't know much about it. Here, I will introduce the importance and methods of nasal feeding after esophageal cancer surgery.

1. Why do patients with esophageal cancer need nasal feeding after operation?

About 1-5 days after the operation, the patient was in the traumatic period of the operation, the anastomosis had not healed, the gastrointestinal function had not recovered well, and the digestive function was poor. If you eat blindly at this time, it is very unfavorable for the recovery of esophagus, so you need nasal feeding to increase nutrition.

second, how to give nasal feeding to postoperative patients with esophageal cancer?

The so-called nasal feeding is to put a thin and special nutrition tube through the nose to deliver nutrition to the jejunum. Mainly give patients mixed milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, rice soup, etc., the injection amount can be divided into 2 ~ 3 times from 5 ml on the first day, and then increase to 15 ~ 2 ml every day according to the patient's tolerance. The temperature when dripping is close to the body temperature. The nutrient solution for nasal feeding should meet the requirements of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, salt and water in a proper proportion.

Third, symptoms should be paid attention to

If people find the following three symptoms in their lives, they should pay attention to them:

- Difficulty in swallowing Progressive dysphagia is the main symptom of most patients when they see a doctor, but it is a late manifestation of the disease. Because the esophageal wall is elastic and expandable, it is difficult to swallow only when about 2/3 of the esophageal circumference is infiltrated by cancer. Often within a few months, the condition gradually worsens, from being unable to swallow solid food to being unable to swallow liquid food. If the cancer is accompanied by inflammation, edema and spasm of the esophageal wall, it can aggravate the difficulty of swallowing.

- food reflux often occurs when swallowing difficulty is aggravated, and the reflux is not large, and it contains food and mucus, and may also contain blood and pus.

- other symptoms: when the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness; Invasion of phrenic nerve can cause hiccups or phrenic nerve paralysis; Pressing the trachea or bronchus can cause shortness of breath and dry cough; Erosion of the aorta can produce fatal bleeding.