Where is Borneo?

Borneo, also translated as kalimantan island, is the third largest island in the world. The area is 743,330km2. The population is 9.07 million (1980). Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia are in the north with Brunei in the middle. The south is the east, south, central and west Kalimantan provinces of Indonesia. It has a long history, and China history books record it as "Boli", "Bernie", "Bernie" and "Boluo". The mountains extend from the inside to the outside, higher in the northeast, with the highest peak in Southeast Asia, Mount Kinabadru, at an altitude of 4 102 meters. The terrain is gentle and the rainfall is abundant, and many rivers flow into the sea. The forest coverage rate is 80%. Economic development is limited to the lower reaches of rivers and coastal areas, and most of the main towns are in the estuary. Underground mineral deposits include oil, natural gas, coal, diamonds, copper and gold. Agricultural products include rice, rubber, pepper, sago, coconut and so on. Land transportation is mainly by road. The river is navigable. Oil, copper mining and logging are very important.

geography

Borneo Island is located in Southeast Asia. It is located in the center of Southeast Asia.

The sea of contact between all parties

Borneo Island is surrounded by the sea, with a coastline of 1440km.

In the northeast is the Sulu Sea,

To the east are the Sulawesi Sea (Celebes Sea) and the Kasai Strait (makassar strait).

To the south are the Java Sea and Karimata Strait (English: Karimata Strait).

To the west and north is the South China Sea.

China news agency, Hong Kong123 February Jakarta News: Indonesia's Business Daily recently reported that 52 new species have been discovered in Borneo in recent years, which proves once again that Borneo is one of the most important biodiversity concentration places in the world.

According to the report recently released by the World Wide Fund for Nature, from July 2005 to September 2006, scientists discovered 30 species of fish, 2 species of tree frogs, 16 species of zingiberaceae, 3 species of trees and 1 species of broadleaf plants in the 22,000 square kilometers of tropical rain forest core area in Borneo under the jurisdiction of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei.

Among them, this fish, which is only 8.8 mm long, is the second smallest vertebrate known in the world. In addition, one species, such as catfish, and six species, such as Siamese fighting fish, have prominent teeth, and it is unprecedented for them to cling to rocks by relying on their bellies. The newly discovered plants of Zingiberaceae are twice as many as the whole grass of Amomum villosum.

WWF announced in April last year that since 1996, 36 1 new species have been discovered in Borneo, with an average of at least 3 new species found every month, and thousands of species in this area have not been studied.

Stuart, international coordinator of WWF's "Heart of Borneo" project? 1? Chapman of 1 said: "These findings once again prove that Borneo is one of the most important biodiversity concentration places in the world."

With the reclamation of agriculture and the planting of cash crops, only half of the original forest on the island is left, and the local creatures are in urgent need of protection.

At present, there are 10 species of primates, 350 species of birds, 150 species of reptiles and amphibians and 15000 species of plants living in Borneo. It is also home to endangered species such as orangutans, Malay bears and rhinos. (

Nearby land islands

Sulu archipelago in the northeast;

Sulawesi is in the east;

To the south is Java Island;

To the west is the Malay Peninsula;

To the north are Nansha Islands and Natuna Islands.

Borneo Island has the highest peak in Southeast Asia, located in Lushan Mountain, Na Ba, Sabah (also known as "China Widow Mountain", commonly known as Shenshan Mountain), with an altitude of 4095.2 meters.

history

China's Early Contact with Borneo

About 4 14 A.D. (A.D. 14 A.D., Emperor Longan of Jin 'an), China's lover Fa Xian obtained Buddhism from India. On the way back to China, I passed through Nanyang, and there was a paragraph about Ye Poti. According to historians, this place is considered to be Borneo today. The earliest navigation record between China and Borneo appeared in Liang Shu in 520 AD (the year of Liang Wudi). In China's ancient books, it was called Boni, Li Po or Polo at that time, and later it evolved into Brunei, which is now the common name of Brunei.

During the Liang, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Li Po sent envoys to pay tribute to China. Until the Song Dynasty, this contact continued. In the Ming Dynasty, a series of unprecedented official voyages began at this time, the most famous of which was Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean. It is recorded that he passed Bernie twice.

In the14th and15th centuries, China people once lived in Shuangxi Jingnabadangan, now Na Ba, Sabah. It is said that Wei Yi Xinping, the envoy of the Ming Dynasty, was also the ruler of the coastal areas at that time-maharaja, about 1375 (the eighth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty).

At the end of 18, the activities of China people gradually moved to the west of Borneo, mainly concentrated in some gold mining areas, such as Pontiac and Sambas. About 1772 (the thirty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong), nearly 100 Hakkas arrived in Kundian, which can be said to be the pioneers in developing this area. It is estimated that in 1820 (the first year of Qing Daoguang), there were about 36,000 China people living in this mining area, and then it reached150,000 in 1823 (the fourth year of Qing Daoguang).

After the Dutch colonial forces entered South Borneo, they began to envy the interests of Chinese in gold mining areas, and used their power to restrict Chinese immigration and trade, and then gradually decreased, and many miners were forced to move to Sarawak.

politics

Borneo Island is divided into three territories, which belong to Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.

The northern part is occupied by Malaysia, which is the whole territory of East Malaysia. The administrative regions are Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan. (second in area)

In the middle of the north is Brunei, and the whole territory of Brunei is on Borneo Island, including neighboring islands. (Minimum area)

In the south is Kalimantan, Indonesia. (the largest area)

Rare creatures on Borneo Island

The largest flower in the world, Dacaohua (English: Dacaohua)

Borneo elephant

Hornbill, the national bird of Malaysia

Borneo orangutan

proboscis monkey

I hope you are satisfied.