Dong's migration

Dong Shi, with the same root and homology, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Emperor of Levin. According to historical records, Dong Shi was born in Dingtao, Shandong Province, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and the northern part of Shandong Pingyuan County.

In the long history, the ancestors of Dongshi have been spread from the birthplace of Dongguo (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) to Sifang Fan. According to relevant historical records, Dong Shi clan members are distributed in Shangyi, wei county, Longkou, Pingyi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Jiuquan, Gansu, Jianli, Hubei, Guilin, Guangxi, Congjiang, Lushui Estuary, Longchuan, Yunnan and Hejiang, Sichuan. In fact, in different historical periods, the distribution of Dong people in China and the world is different. "Genealogy of Dong Shi in Jiangdutang, Zaozhuang" said that Dong Shi "originated in Han, flourished in Shu and was greater than Yuan."

1. Pre-Qin period:

As early as the pre-Qin period, Dong clan members mainly lived in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and southern Gansu, while Dong Hu and Dong Anyu were active in the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. And has migrated to the west and south, scattered in Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other vast areas, mixed with local aborigines, gradually integrated into the aborigines and became one of the aborigines' surnames. In addition, there are foreigners from the southwest and the north who have also integrated into Dongshi.

2. Qin and Han Dynasties:

By the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dongshi had reached Hebei in the north, Shandong in the east, Lingnan in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the southeast and Sichuan in the west, and now it is concentrated in Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei and Henan. In addition, there are Dong Shi clan members scattered in Shaanxi, Dingtao and Gaoqing in Shandong, Guangzhou in Guangdong, Ziyang and Deyang in Sichuan, Yuyao in Zhejiang, Xiangyang and Zhijiang in Hubei, Fuzhou in Fujian, Yuzhou, Yichuan, Nanyang, Kaifeng, Qixian, Xinyang and Lingbao in Henan. Later, in the process of continuous reproduction, Dong Shi in Gansu and Shandong developed into a local aristocratic family. Celebrities in "East History" include a captain, Wang Dongkun and Hou (from Shandong County) at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. Dong Zhongshu, a philosopher in the Western Han Dynasty and a master of modern Confucian classics, was Gao Changhou in the Western Han Dynasty (the father of the dutiful son in the Eastern Han Dynasty); Dong Zhong (the grandson of Dong Zhongshu VIII), a fu in the period of Wang Mang in the late Western Han Dynasty; Dong Xuan was ordered by Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Dong Zhuo, the Eastern Han Dynasty Taishi.

According to records, from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, Dong Shi in Yunnan-Guizhou area developed into the most popular surname, and gradually assimilated the indigenous people in Yunnan-Guizhou area into the Han nationality in southwest China. When Gongsun Shu was in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the most popular name was Dongshi.

3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the society was in turmoil, and people were scattered everywhere and moved to the south in large numbers. Dongshi migrated from Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hubei and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Dong Shi in Gansu and Sichuan became the most popular, and moved to Yunnan and Guizhou in the southwest. At this time, some people called Dong Yun, one of the "four phases" of Shu, a famous minister of the Three Kingdoms, a medical scientist Dong Feng and a diplomat of the Southern and Northern Dynasties Dong Wan.

4. Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties:

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were a period of great proliferation of Dongshi, and there were Dongshi immigrants in Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan and Yunnan. In the Tang Dynasty, Yunnan and Guizhou began to form the population center of Dongshi. The four counties listed in Yuan He Shi Bian in Tang Dynasty are Longxi, Hongnong (now Lingbao, Henan), Hedong, Fanyang (now Zhuoxian, Hebei) and Yin Ji (now Cao Xian, Shandong). A large number of Dongshi artists have emerged, including pianist Dong, painter Dong Yuan of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, and prime minister Dong Jin of the Tang Dynasty.

And a large number of immigrants to the southeast. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Wang Chao and Wang entered Fujian, Chen Yuanguang and Dong Shi from Gushi (now Henan) also joined in. Dong Shi of Gushi entered Fujian with Wang Chao and Wang, that is, Dong Sian, the ancestor of Shishi and Jinmen, sailed for two years (945), and Dong Sian Zhongjun retreated to Quanzhou. In the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1274), Dong Si 'an XIV Shanshun moved from Qingyang, Jinjiang to Shadi Village, Yongning, Shishi, and his younger brother Dong Ju Jin Men Gu Keng Township, so Jinmen, Tong 'an, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang and Shishi Dong Shi were all of the same clan. His descendants are Zheng Chenggong's father-in-law, Dong Xian, who firmly supported Zheng Chenggong's anti-Qing cause. His son, Dong Tenghou, followed Zheng Chenggong to recover Baodao and Taiwan Province, and led the navy to stay in Penghu for a long time. Dong Cheng, the "Nanzhao Zaifu" in the late Tang Dynasty, was originally from Jinling and went to Yunnan. He was named cloth shoes Nanzhao, and his descendants moved to Jianchuan, Jingdong, Yunlong, Eryuan and Yunxian. He was the ancestor of the historic city of Dali, Dongshi.

5. Song Jinyuan:

By the Song Dynasty, Dongshi had migrated to the southeast and further developed to the southwest. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Dong Shi was once again forced to move south by the nomads from the Central Plains and the Mongolian army. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Dong Shi traveled all over the country, as far as Dali and as far as Mobei and Lingbei (including today's outer Mongolia and Russia). Among them, Dong Jun, an ethnic group, is expected by the ruling and opposition parties and is famous for "four generations, eight men and one academician". Thousands of ethnic officials have traveled all over the country. After in-depth investigation and study, Mr. Dong pointed out in the article "The Origin of Dong Zhongshu's Descendants" that there are many descendants of Dong Jun along the Ji Jiao Line from Jinan to Qingdao and the Longhai Line from Xuzhou to Lianyungang. Song Dynasty generals Dong Zongben, Dong Zunhui and his son, Jin Opera writer Dong Jieyuan, Gaocheng Dong Jun, Meng Yuan Dynasty Wen Bing Dong Wenyong and his son, Yuan Dynasty white elephant Dong Pu.

Before the Ming Dynasty, Dongshi had spread all over the provinces in the south of the Yangtze River. Among them, many Dong Shi from Dongyang (original name), Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Pujiang, Lin 'an, Anji, Shaoxing and Hangzhou are descendants of Dong Yuan, a judge from Wuzhou who moved from Zhejiang in the early Tang Dynasty. Today, Dong Shi in Yihuang, Le 'an, Wuyuan, Ganzhou, Chong 'an, Xingan, Changting, Jianli, Huarong, Shishou, Jingxian and other places in Jiangxi are descendants of Dong Lian who entered Jiangxi in the late Tang Dynasty (after Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Dong Jin). Many celebrities in Dong Shi are from this clan, such as Dong Chun, Dong Dunyi, Dong, Dong Quanzhen, Angel, etc.

During the Song Dynasty (960 ~ 1279), there were as many as 460,000 clan members in Dong Shi, accounting for 0.59% of the country's total population, ranking 34th. Mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces, accounting for about 64% of the total population of Dongshi. Secondly, it is distributed in Hunan, Gansu and Anhui provinces, accounting for about 22% of the total population of Dong Shi, forming three Dong settlements in Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Longxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Among them, Jiangxi is the largest province in Dongshi, accounting for about 22% of the total population of Dongshi and 1.2% of the population of Jiangxi.

6. During the Ming Dynasty:

During the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368 ~ 1644), there were about 420,000 people in Dongshi, accounting for 0.45% of the country's total population, ranking 55th at that time. Mainly distributed in Zhejiang (25%) and Shandong (19%), accounting for about 44% of the total population of Dongshi; Followed by Shanxi (8.7%), Jiangsu (8. 1%), Hebei (6.8%), Jiangxi (6.3%) and Anhui (6.2%), accounting for about 36% of the total population of Dongshi. Among them, Zhejiang was the largest province of Dongshi in Ming Dynasty, accounting for about 25% of the total population of Dongshi.

In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Shi clan members moved to Yunnan and other provinces in the southwest border as military and civilian villages. According to the "Kunming County Local Textbook" of the Republic of China, "the nation, according to legend, has its ancestors moved from Dali and Heqingli (Jiang) counties to Pingdian, Mu Ying-the ancient waves, valleys (now ports) and other places on the west bank of Dianchi Lake." The Laobai people in Guanyinshan Yang Lin Gang and Fushan Village believe that their "ancestors surnamed Zhang and thirteen ancestors surnamed Dong established the Dong Shi Ancestral Hall." Dong Shi Genealogy records: "Yanggu Dong Shi is a descendant of Fengyang people in Anhui. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors gave medicine and went to Yunnan with Suining Wang Muying. " Obviously, these people from Fengyang, Anhui Province, stationed troops along the Dianchi Lake and adopted the indigenous Bai family, and their descendants became Bai. The reason is the same as that of Dali Bai people who call themselves "Yingtianfu, Nanjing people".

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, many non-commissioned officers from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River came to Dali, Yunnan and other places with the army. Many of them adopted indigenous Bai and other ethnic families, and their descendants became themselves and other ethnic groups in Yunnan. For example, the Genealogy of Dong Shi, preserved in the archives of Shuangjiang County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, records the origin of Dong Shi in Shuangjiang Lahu and Wa Bulang Dai Autonomous County: In A.D. 1386, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu, carried out a reclamation policy and developed Yunnan, starting from Nanchang, Jiangxi, to Yun 'an; He settled in Chuxiong Prefecture (including Chuxiong, Guangtong, Dingyuan, Lufeng, Dayao, Fengzhou, Midu and other places), moved to Shangxin Qingping Houshan in Shuangjiang County in 1800, and then continued to move to the bustling naw kham, where Thai and Thai people lived together with Lahu people. Genealogy of Dong Shi in Lincang, Yunxian, Shuangjiang and Gengma counties in Lincang area: Dong Shi's ancestor was originally from Dongjiazhuang, Fulu Street, Kaifeng, Henan. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, he went to Yunnan to consolidate the army, then settled in Heqing and gave birth to six sons, living in Baoshan, Dali, Yunxian, Jingdong, Chuxiong and Heqing. The spectrum records the development and changes of the lineage branches of the 14 th generation and six branches of Dongshi Juyun County after 370 years.

According to Sichuan Tianfu Daily, Dong Yiliang, a descendant of Dong Zhongshu, discovered Dong Shi's genealogy hidden on the beam when he rebuilt Dong's old house in Cifeng Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province more than 30 years ago. The family was written in the tenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. The Preface to Dong Shi records that Dong Zhongshu's descendant Dong brought grain from Hubei into Sichuan and lived in Tonghua in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. His son, Dong Xian, was born in Lixian County, Guihua, and has lived there for more than 200 years.

Dong Shi moved from Chenggong, Yunnan Province to Wenjiatun, Weining in the late Ming Dynasty, and it has been passed down to the14th generation. Dong Tiancheng, the ancestor of Weining, married Wen after arriving in Weining, and passed on one as two and three as three. There are nearly 1,000 households in Dongshi, mainly distributed in Halahe Township, Shuanglong Township, Meihua Village, Xiushui Village, Haila Township, Zhongshui Town and other places in Weining County. A few people live in Linqing Township, Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province, Jiaozishan Town, Anshun City, and Cross Town, Pingba County. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Dong Shi moved some of them to Zhaotong, Yunnan, and now most of them live in Baxianying, Sheyu River and Shuijingwan.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368), Dong Chengxuan, the sixty-second grandson of Dong Zhongshu, took solatium to Korea (some studies also thought that Dong Chengxuan and Dong took solatium to Korea at the same time), but he did not return to China to naturalize Korea and settled in Rongchuan, and was named as Rongchuan County, with Guang Chuan, China's hometown, as the capital, which was called Guangchuan Dong Shi in history. Dong Chengxuan's brother Dong, Dong Yiyuan's eighth grandson and Ding You went to North Korea to attend War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression as generals of the Ming Dynasty. After the war, he and his two sons, Dashun and Changshun, settled in Korea. After Dong Yiyuan and his descendants settled down, they did not set up a new dynasty, but joined the Guang Chuan school. Later generations called Dong the ancestor, took Guang Chuan as the root, and formed Guangchuan Dong Shi in Korea. Encyclopedia of Korean surnames? The Hometown of Surnames also holds that Guang Chuan Dong Shi originated in China and is a descendant of Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar in Han Dynasty. According to the national survey of Korea Economic Planning Institute 1985, there are more than 3,850 people in Dongshi, Guangchuan. Now there are more than 4,600 Dong members in Korea. Today, Dong Zhongshu Ethnic Association was established between North Korea and South Korea's Dongshi ethnic group.

Before the Ming Dynasty, the main force of Dongshi was concentrated in the Central Plains. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, due to the constant war in the north, the population of Dongshi was inevitably hit hard and the population dropped sharply. During the 600 years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the national net population growth rate was 20%, but during the same period, the population of Dongshi was negative, with a net decrease of 40,000. During this period, the overall distribution pattern of Dongshi changed greatly, and its migration direction was mainly from the north to the southeast, and two large population concentration areas of Dongshi were re-formed, namely, Jin Lu-Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. The famous anti-Japanese famous soldiers Dong Bangzheng (a native of Yangxin, Shandong in the Ming Dynasty), Dong Yiyuan and Dong Yikui (an avant-garde in Fu Xuan in the Ming Dynasty and now a native of Xuanhua, Hebei Province), famous painters and politicians Dong Qichang appeared.

7. During the Qing Dynasty:

Qing Dynasty is the most important period for the development of Dongshi in Northeast China. From the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Dong clan people moved to Taiwan Province one after another. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (AD 1683), five surnames Dong, Zhu, Ke, Yue and Huang moved to Hengchun Town, Pingtung County. In the early years of Qianlong (A.D. 1736), Dong Xianmo built Yutian Town with a big belly and a castle, and reclaimed Jiuwei Village with water diversion. Since then, it has been transferred to Nanyang Islands and some countries and regions in Europe and America. Celebrities include Dong Shuo, a writer in Qing Dynasty, and Dong Bangda, a painter.