What is the mission of the space probe?

The Milky Way is brilliant and the deep space is far away. Shortly after the first man-made satellite entered the earth orbit, it was put on the agenda for human beings to March to extraterrestrial planets. Now, the space probe made by human beings not only opens the way for human beings to land on the moon, but also has visited all the planets in the solar system and is trudging to more distant planets outside the solar system.

human exploration and research on deep space has important scientific value and social influence. First of all, we should make use of the advantages of space technology to understand and understand the space environment of the sun and the earth more comprehensively, such as investigating the effects of high-altitude radiation belts, cosmic rays and solar wind on the earth's ecology; Secondly, develop solar system resources, establish permanent space bases on the moon and Mars, and even create conditions for emigration to these extraterrestrial planets; Thirdly, through the study of the formation of major planets, we can investigate the history of the formation of the earth, explore the origin of life, discover more new celestial bodies, uncover the mystery of the evolution of the universe, and look for traces of cosmic people. Since the first lunar probe went into space for many years, human beings have made extensive investigations on various celestial bodies in the solar system in a planned and step-by-step manner, obtained extremely rich and valuable information, deepened people's understanding of the space of the solar system, and even changed the old ideas established for a long time in the past, and created conditions for further conquest of the solar system.

probe

Space exploration includes not only the exploration of the earth's space, but also the exploration of the moon, planets and interplanetary space. The main purposes of space exploration beyond the earth are: to study the origin and present situation of the moon and the solar system, and to further reveal the formation and evolution of the earth's environment through the investigation and study of the major planets and their satellites in the solar system; Understand the evolution of the solar system, explore the origin and evolution history of life, and make use of the special environment of the universe to carry out various scientific experiments, which will directly serve the national economy.

The space probe is equipped with scientific detection instruments to perform space exploration tasks. The main ways of space exploration are: (1) Long-distance space exploration in near-earth space orbit. (2) Fly near the moon or planet for close-range detection. (3) Become an artificial satellite of the moon or planet, and make repeated observation for a long time. (4) Make a hard landing on the surface of the moon or planet and its satellites, and use the short time before landing for detection. (5) Soft landing on the surface of the moon or planet and its satellites, conducting on-the-spot investigation, or sending the obtained samples back to Earth for research. (6) Flying in deep space and conducting long-term investigation.

The scope of space exploration focuses on the earth environment, space environment, astrophysics, material science and life science. Since the first man-made satellite was launched into the sky on October 4, 1957, more than 1 space probes have been launched all over the world by 2. Their exploration of space has achieved fruitful results, and their knowledge has exceeded the sum of thousands of years' knowledge.

On January 31st, 1958, the United States successfully launched the first satellite "Explorer 1", which detected for the first time the existence of a radiation belt with high-energy electrons and particles around the earth, which is the famous Van Allen radiation belt. At the end of 1958, the Pioneer 3 probe launched by the United States found a second radiation belt 1, kilometers away from the Earth. This is a typical result of the initial detection by satellite and space probe.

since 1958, humans have used satellites, spaceships, space stations and space shuttles as detection means to detect the environment in near-earth space, such as the earth's radiation belt, the earth's magnetosphere, solar radiation, aurora and cosmic rays. Explorers, Orbital Geophysical Observatory and Orbital Solar Observatory in the United States, Cosmos, Prediction and Proton in the former Soviet Union, and Practice in China, etc., have measured the basic structure of the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere with the help of scientific instruments. Through the exploration and study of the space environment, it provides important data and safety conditions for the launch and flight of various spacecraft, for astronauts to live in space for a long time, and for spacewalking and other space activities.

since 1959, human beings have crossed near-earth space to the moon and even deep space beyond the moon for exploration activities. Various space probes have visited the moon and visited Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Halley's Comet in the solar system. Among them, the investigation of the moon was the most detailed, and even astronauts were sent to the moon for field trips; Not only have topographic maps been shot and drawn for Venus and Mars, but also unmanned probes have been launched many times to land on the surfaces of Venus and Mars for scientific investigation. Scientists have initially uncovered many mysteries of the moon and the planets in the solar system, and answered many mysteries that astronomers have debated endlessly in the past.

Since the launch of the first astronomical satellite "Solar Radiation Monitoring Satellite" in the United States in 196, human beings have successively launched astronomical satellites to observe X-rays, V-rays, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays respectively. They have broken through the barrier of the earth's atmosphere to celestial radiation, obtained electromagnetic radiation from the whole band of space, realized high-sensitivity and high-resolution observation, and expanded the observation band of celestial bodies to ultraviolet rays, X-rays, V-rays and other bands that cannot be observed on the ground.