What kind of city is Changde?

Changde is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, downstream of Yuanjiang River and Lishui River, and northeast of Wuling Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain. Changde City is adjacent to Dongting Lake in the east, intersecting with Nanxian County of Yiyang City and Lake Branch of Yuanjiang City. Relying on the mountainous area of western Hunan, the west is in the same strain as the winding Wuling Mountains in Cili County, Yongding County and Yuanling County of Huaihua City. The mountainous area in western Hubei is connected to Jianghan Plain in the north, with the mountainous areas in Hefeng County of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province and Wufeng County of Yichang City, and with the plains in Songzi City, Gongan County and Shishou City in Jingzhou City. Wuyun Mountain ranges from Shui Gu in the south, which is the watershed between Changde City and Ziyang District, Taojiang County and Anhua County of Yiyang City. The northernmost part of Changde City is in Tongmushan Village, Hupingshan Town, Shimen County (30 07' 53 "north latitude), the southernmost part is in Xuejiachong Village, Xi 'an Town, Taoyuan County (28 24' 31north latitude), the westernmost part is in the state-owned East Mountain Peak, and the easternmost part is in Yanbaoshan Horticultural Field, Bailuqiao Township, Hanshou County (east longitude165433) It is an important transportation hub, energy base and political and cultural center in northwest Hunan, and it is also the link and center of the Three Gorges-Dongting Lake and Nanyue Hengshan-Zhangjiajie Golden Tourism Corridor. It has successively won the honorary titles of international garden city, national sanitary city, national advanced city for creating civilized city, China excellent tourist city, national garden city, national excellent city for traffic management, national advanced city for comprehensive management of social security, and national advanced city for comprehensive improvement of urban environment. Changde City governs Wuling, Dingcheng, Anxiang, Hanshou, Lixian, Linli, Taoyuan, Shimen and Jinshi. The total area of the city is 18200 square kilometers, including Han, Tu, Miao, Hui and Uygur 15 ethnic groups. At the end of 2008, the total registered population was 6 14 1600. Changde has a long history and culture. The history of civilization can be traced back to 6000 years ago. Changde City was founded in the Warring States Period with a history of more than 2,300 years. Changde, known as Wuzhou, Langzhou and Dingzhou in ancient times, is an important birthplace of Xiangchu culture and has always enjoyed the heyday of humanities. Changde has beautiful scenery. It belongs to the humid monsoon climate zone, including mountainous areas, hilly areas, plain areas and lake areas, with excellent ecological environment, lakes and mountains, and many places of interest. Taohuayuan, a 4A national scenic spot in China, Jiashan Temple, the sacred place of the Millennium Buddhism, Hu Ping on the roof of Hunan, and the "China Changde Poetry Wall" recorded by Guinness World Records are well-known at home and abroad. Changde is also adjacent to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, a world-famous scenic spot. Changde dialect belongs to the northern dialect-the sub-dialect of Southwest Mandarin. This is closely related to large-scale immigration in history. According to historical records, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, northern residents have been moving south. The loss of Yongjia at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty caused the first large-scale southward migration of the northern population. A large number of people went south along the Hanshui River Basin and crossed the river to reach the Dongting River Basin. This great migration continued until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty once made the people of Xiang Deng (Xiangyang, Hubei, Nanyang, Henan), the nobles of Chang 'an and Luoyang in Beijing, all cast their hands in Jiang Township, so Jingnan Jingyi was ten times as original. "① The migration of northern residents is large in scale, large in number, and geographically concentrated, which makes their language not only difficult to be assimilated by the local indigenous language, but also has a great influence on the local indigenous language. This is the historical origin of the kinship between Changde dialect and northern dialect. In addition, from the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Lang (now Changde) always belonged to the administrative region centered on Jingzhou (Jiangling Prefecture), which objectively promoted the exchange, integration and assimilation between Changde dialect and northern dialect. It can be said that Changde dialect has been infiltrated and washed by the northern dialect since ancient times and finally merged with it. Although a large number of Jiangxi residents moved to Changde since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they did not have a big impact on Changde dialect because of their small scale and insufficient concentration of region and time, and were eventually assimilated by Changde dialect. Changde dialect belongs to southwest mandarin, and there is great consistency within the dialect. For example, the ancient and modern voiced stops in Changde dialect are unvoiced; Ancient mother and clay mother are mixed together, and n and l have no difference in meaning; The syllables of fu and Hu are mixed as f, and "fu" is homophonic with "tiger"; There are few vowels in the mouth, and the mouth becomes an opening. " Duan "reads Dan, which is the same as" Dan "; The ancient tones are divided into Yin Ping and Yangping, and the ancient voiced sounds are attributed to people, but most of them are not divided, and there are generally five modes; The ancient crab found that the pronunciation of the word "mother" and "mother box" was different. In addition, the children of Changde dialect generally need to overlap; There are also the same auxiliary words "hit", "pour" and "get up" and so on. Of course, there are obvious differences within Changde dialect. The Yuan and Li rivers cross the border and divide Changde dialect into two dialects. The dialects of Yuanshui River Basin (Wuling, Dingcheng, Taoyuan and Hanshou) and Lishui River Basin (Shimen, Linli, Lixian, Anxiang and Jinshi) have their own characteristics. Phonetically speaking, there are no tsts' s and tsts' s in the dialect of Yuanshui River Basin (mainly referring to urban areas), and the initial consonant is tsts' 2 and the initial consonant is t? T, the vowel is Cukou Hu.