What places do Guanzhong, Guannei, Guanwai and Guandong refer to?

Guanzhong refers to the "four passes", namely Dongguan (Hangu Pass), Xiguan (Great Earthquake Pass), Nanguan (Languan Pass) and Beiguan (Jinsuo Pass).

Now Guanzhong area is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province, including five cities and one district of xi, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and Yangling, with a total area of 55,623 square kilometers.

2. inside Shanhaiguan pass

Within Shanhaiguan, an ancient dynasty established its capital in today's Shaanxi Province, which is often called Hanguguan or near Wang Ji, west of Tongguan. This refers to the area west of Shanhaiguan or east of Jiayuguan.

3. Members

(1) During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Shaanxi was its capital, and the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan was called "outside the customs".

(2) At the beginning, it refers to the land of Mobei outside Yanmenguan, Shanxi.

The three northeastern provinces, namely Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, were called "outside the customs" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so they were named because they were located outside the customs.

(4) Nowadays, the local people in areas other than the second-line pass in Shenzhen, namely Baoan District, Longgang District and Guangming New District, are also commonly known as the Commissioner.

4. kanto region

Ancient Guandong usually refers to the area east of Hangu Pass. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, etc. 18 road governors crusaded against Dong Zhuo, calling themselves the Kanto Allied Forces, mainly referring to the east of Hulao Pass.

Modern Guandong mainly refers to the east of Shanhaiguan, that is, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Mengdong originated from Guandong). Today, it is generally called "Northeast", commonly known as "Kanto" in the Ming Dynasty, and the three northeastern provinces of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty.

Today, it is still popular among people. The administrative divisions of Kanto in the past dynasties were different, and their names were different, which formed a unique regional culture. However, after thousands of years of vicissitudes, it finally became an inseparable part of Chinese national culture.

Extended data:

First, the Guanzhong "unique"

Tongguan 1

Tongguan is located in the north of Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, with the Yellow River in the north and the mountainside in the south. "Notes on Water Classics" says: "The river flows south in the Pass, stirring the Pass, hence the name Tongguan." Built in the first year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (196).

Tongguan, the eastern gate of Guanzhong, has always been a battleground for military strategists, ranking second among the top ten famous customs in China and known as the "first pass". Emperor Qianlong visited the great rivers and mountains of the empire. In this regard, he couldn't help feeling the rigor of Tongguan, leaving a "first pass" gold-plated imperial book on his forehead outside the tower.

2. Big three levels

Sanguan is the pass of the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called Sanguan. One of the four passes in Guanzhong, China. Located at the northern foot of Qinling Mountain in the southern suburbs of Baoji City, it has been the "throat of Sichuan and Shaanxi" since ancient times. During the Qin and Han Dynasties (206 BC), Liu Bang passed through here.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao's westward expedition to Zhang Lu also passed through here. As a transportation hub, the three customs have a very important strategic position. Because of its north-south traffic throat, it has been the "throat of Sichuan and Shaanxi" since ancient times, and it is a battleground for military strategists.

3. Wuguan

Wuguan, Kuching-Chu and Qin Chu border checkpoints. Located on the north bank of Dongwuguan River in Danfeng County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, it has become the "Four Blocks of Qin" with Hanguguan, Xiaoguan and Dasanguan.

Property management has a long history. It was established as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and was called "Shaoxiguan". During the Warring States Period, it was changed to "Wuguan". Guancheng is built on a relatively flat highland between canyons, with steep Shao Xi in the north and dangerous places in the south. The perimeter of Guancheng is 1.5 km, and the wall is made of earth and slightly square.

Everything has a door, and the hole is wrapped with bricks and stones. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was the word "Sanqin fortress" on the west gate, "Wuguan" on the east gate and "learning ancient customs" on the forehead of the inner gate.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the city gates and walls were destroyed. Kansai is relatively flat, only going to Kanto, winding along the mountainside, with high cliffs, deep valleys and narrow roads, so Wuguan is a battleground for ancient military strategists.

4. Xiaoguan

Xiaoguan is in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia. Liupan Mountain is located in the northwest of Guanzhong, which is its northwest barrier. The passage from Longshang to Guanzhong is mainly the valley lowlands cut by Weihe River and Jinghe River.

The mountains in the direction of Weihe River are steep, and the direction of Jinghe River is relatively easy. Xiao Guan stood at the mouth of Liupan Mountain, guarding the passage from Jinghe to Guanzhong. Xiaoguan is an important pass in the northwest of Guanzhong, which protects the safety of the northwest of Guanzhong.

Second, the "customs" in the customs.

1, Tongguan (imported)

2. Shanhaiguan

Shanhaiguan, also known as Guan Yu, Guan Yu and Lu Linguan, is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 15km, and is one of the northeast passes of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty. Before 1990, it was considered as the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty.

Known as "one of the three wonders of the Great Wall in China" (Shanhaiguan in the east, Beitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west), "the first pass in the world" and "the throat of the border county, the guarantee of the capital", it echoes Jiayuguan thousands of miles away and is famous all over the world.

3. Jiayuguan

Jiayuguan, known as "the first male pass in the world", is located in the middle of the narrowest valley 5 kilometers west of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province. The walls on both sides of the city pass through the desert Gobi, connected to the Great Wall in Montenegro in the north and the first pier in the world in the south, which is the westernmost pass of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty.

Historically known as the throat of Hexi. Because of its dangerous terrain and magnificent buildings, it is called a key lock. Jiayuguan is the traffic fortress of the ancient Silk Road.

Third, the "clearance" outside the customs.

1, the third level (introduction)

2. Jiayuguan (Introduction)

3. Juyongguan

Juyongguan, a famous ancient Guancheng along the Great Wall in the north of Beijing, is one of the "Nine Wonders in the World" and the eighth of the "Eight Dragons in Taihang Mountain", and is a state-level cultural relics protection unit.

The valley where Guancheng is located belongs to the mountainous area where Taihang Mountain is a military stronghold. The western hills are sandwiched with huge streams and cliffs, and the terrain is extremely dangerous. Juyongguan, Zijingguan, Daomaguan and Guguan are also called the four famous passes in western Beijing in Ming Dynasty, among which Juyongguan, Zijingguan and Daomaguan are also called the inner three passes.

Juyongguan is one of the four important checkpoints, including Nankou, Juyongguan, Shangguan and Badaling.

Fourth, the "Guan" of Kanto.

1, Hanguguan

Hanguguan, located in Wang Duo Village, Hanguguan Town, Lingbao City, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, is one of the earliest Xiongguan fortresses built in the history of China. It is located on the plateau with unique streams in the east, Qinling Mountains in the south and Yellow River in the north.

There are two Hangu Pass in history: Qinguan is located in the village of15km north of lingbao city, about 75km away from Sanmenxia; Han Guan moved eastward to Xin 'an County, Luoyang, west of Qin Guan150km. Because it is located in "two ancient roads in Beijing", close to the bank of the Yellow River, and because it is locked in a valley, it is called Hanguguan.

2. Shanhaiguan (introduction)

3. Hulao Pass

Hulao Pass, also known as Sishui Pass, Chenggao Pass and Gu Song Pass, is the gateway to the east of Luoyang and an important pass. It is located in Sishui Town, 0/6 km northwest of Xingyang City, Henan Province.

Hulao Pass is the gateway to the east of Luoyang and an important pass, so it was named after Zhou Muwang was imprisoned here. This pass connects Song Yue in the south and the Yellow River in the north, and the mountains are staggered, which is a natural barrier. There is a trend of "one person defends it, and ten thousand people can't force it", which is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties.

Baidu encyclopedia-Commissioner

Baidu encyclopedia-inside Shanhaiguan pass

Baidu encyclopedia-Guandong

Baidu encyclopedia-Guanzhong