Yang Qishan’s deeds

On January 1, 1923, Peng Pai held a representative meeting of the township farmers' associations in the county seat and announced the establishment of the Haifeng County General Farmers' Association, with him personally serving as the president. Upon Peng Pai's suggestion, Yang Qishan was elected as the vice president of the County General Farmers' Association. From then on, he began to become Peng Pai's right-hand man. The Haifeng General Farmers' Association is the first county-level farmers' association in China. It has departments of education, health, finance, agriculture, arbitration, etc. Its scope of work includes all matters related to the political and economic life of farmers. At this time, the number of farmers' associations in Haifeng County has reached 20,000 households, totaling more than 100,000 people, accounting for a quarter of the county's population. The work of the farmers' association is complicated. After Yang Qishan became the vice president of the County Farmers Association, she was very excited and felt that the responsibilities on her shoulders were even greater. He worked hard to assist Peng Pai in his work, went to various districts, villages and rural areas to promote and mobilize, set up farmers' schools, resolve internal disputes among farmers, and set up farmers' medical clinics... He always considers the interests of the farmer brothers, and the more he works, the more energetic he becomes.

In mid-March 1923, the "Grain Industry Maintenance Association" organized by Haifeng landlords and gentry colluded with the court to unreasonably detain six farmers who refused to increase rent. Peng Pai and Yang Qishan led the county farmers' association to resolutely fight back. They convened more than 6,000 farmers' association members to hold a rally to denounce and demonstrate in front of the court. This frightened the court and obediently released the imprisoned farmers. This struggle led by the county farmers' association achieved a complete victory. The influence of the peasant movement also became more and more widespread. Under Peng Pai's guidance, Lufeng, Zijin, Huiyang, Wuhua and other counties also followed Haifeng's example and established farmers' associations one after another. In May 1923, the General Farmers' Association of Haifeng County was expanded and established as the Huizhou Farmers' Federation. Soon, the peasant movement expanded to Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, Chao'an and other counties. The peasant movement led by Peng Pai quickly swept across Dongjiang counties like a surging wave.

In July 1923, the Huizhou Farmers' Federation was reorganized into the Guangdong Provincial Farmers' Association, with its headquarters in Haifeng County. Peng Pai was elected as the chairman, and Yang Qishan was elected as one of the 13 members and served as the Minister of Finance. Also a member of the Foreign Affairs Department. In the summer of this year, Hailufeng and Hailufeng counties were hit by strong typhoons twice in succession, causing heavy losses in agricultural production. The farmers firmly demanded a reduction in rent. To this end, the farmers' association made a resolution to "pay rent at least 30% of the rent". The "Grain Industry Maintenance Association" organized by the landowners and gentry insisted on collecting all rents regardless of the life and death of the farmers, and conspired to use force to suppress the rent reduction movement of the farmers' association. Therefore, Peng Pai and Yang Qishan mobilized the farmers in the two counties to launch an anti-rent struggle. On August 15, the Farmers' Association held a rent reduction swearing-in meeting in Haifeng County. More than 20,000 farmers attended the meeting. Peasant Association leaders such as Peng Pai and Yang Qishan made speeches at the meeting, calling on farmers in the two counties to unite and fight against rent. victory. At dawn the next day, the reactionary armed forces of the county government suddenly surrounded the General Farmers' Association. As soon as Yang Qishan heard the gunfire, she jumped up and knocked down several enemies who rushed in front of her with three punches and two kicks. She was about to lead the crowd to break out. Several guns The black gun was pointed at him, and 25 people including Yang Qishan were eventually arrested because they were unarmed and outnumbered. Haifeng County Magistrate Wang Zuoxin personally interrogated him, but Yang Qishan sternly refuted him: "Our farmers' association is to help the poor and save the poor. You dog officials who oppress the farmers and have no regard for their lives, we will knock you down sooner or later!" Wang Zuoxin became angry and ordered Yang Qishan to be beaten severely. He was beaten, shackled, and imprisoned. The Haifeng General Farmers' Association and the district farmers' associations were disbanded at the same time.

In January 1924, with Peng Pai's rescue efforts, Yang Qishan and others were released from prison. At this time, cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang had been established. Soon, Peng Pai was transferred to Guangzhou to take charge of the work of the Peasant Department of the Kuomintang Central Party Headquarters. The peasant movement in Hailufeng has temporarily reached a low ebb, but Yang Qishan is not discouraged. He continues to lead the cadres of the peasant association to carry out secret activities and wait for the opportunity. He believes that the day when the peasant movement will rise again will come soon.

In February 1925, the first Eastern Expedition held by the revolutionary government of Guangdong brought great opportunities for the recovery and development of the peasant movement in Hailufeng and Dongjiang areas. Peng Pai returned to Haifeng with the Eastern Expedition Army. Haifeng County, district and township farmers' associations quickly recovered. Peng Pai and Yang Qishan continued to serve as chairman and vice president of the county farmers' association respectively, and also established organizations such as the Farmers' Self-Defense Army and trade unions. In April, the Hailufeng Special Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Communist Youth League were established at the same time. During this period, Yang Qishan joined the Communist Party of China. In May, Yang Qishan attended the First Farmers’ Congress of Guangdong Province in Guangzhou as one of three representatives from Haifeng County. At this time, farmers' associations had been established in 22 counties across the province, with more than 210,000 members. Yang Qishan felt very happy when she saw the great situation of the peasant movement in Guangdong, and devoted herself even more tirelessly to the work of the farmers' associations. At work.

From 1925 to 1926, the peasant movement in Haifeng County reached a climax of vigorous development. By July 1926, the county had established nine district peasant associations, two divisional peasant associations, and 779 townships. The number of members of the Farmers' Association has grown to more than 214,000, and both the number of farmers' associations and members rank among the top in the province. Peng Pai focused his main energy on guiding the peasant movement in the province. As the main leader of the county peasant association, Yang Qishan could only work hard and spare no effort to seek more benefits for the masses.

In April 1927, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Guangzhou, and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang was on the verge of collapse. The Communist Party of China held its Fifth National Congress in Wuhan from the end of April to early May. Although Yang Qishan did not attend the conference, he was still elected as a member of the Central Committee due to his outstanding contribution to the Hailufeng peasant movement.

At this time, the Guangdong Kuomintang reactionaries had begun to implement a comprehensive "purge of the party" throughout Guangdong, frantically suppressing the communists and the worker and peasant movement. In accordance with the instructions of the Guangdong District Committee, the Dongjiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China immediately raised the flag of armed resistance and led the people of Dongjiang counties to resolutely fight back against the perverse actions of the Kuomintang reactionaries. On May 1, Haifeng County and Lufeng County held armed uprisings at the same time and successfully occupied the two county seats. On that day, the Haifeng County Provisional People's Government was established in the county seat. Yang Qishan was one of the 11 government committee members (without a chairman) and also served as President of the County Farmers Association. The Kuomintang reactionaries quickly dispatched troops to attack Hailufeng. On May 9, the Haifeng peasant army withdrew from the county after a day of fierce fighting with the enemy. Yang Qishan and the Hailufeng District Committee of the Communist Party of China led the peasant army to move to the Gingxin and Xintian mountainous areas at the junction of Hailufeng and prepare to launch a new uprising. During this period, the Hailufeng Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China was renamed as the Hailufeng County Committee, and Yang Qishan was elected as the agricultural movement member of the county committee.

After the outbreak of the Nanchang Uprising, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee to launch widespread armed riots in Guangdong to coordinate the Nanchang Uprising Army's entry into the Dongjiang River. The Hailufeng County Committee of the Communist Party of China immediately responded, and in August Launched the second armed uprising of Hailufeng, occupied Haifeng County on August 16, 1927, and established the Haifeng County Provisional Revolutionary Government. Yang Qishan was elected as one of the seven presidium members (without a chairman). On September 25, 1927, due to the siege of superior enemies and the lack of ammunition for the peasant army, the insurrectionary armed forces were forced to withdraw from the county.

At the end of October 1927, under the leadership of the Dongjiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Haifeng County Peasant Army and the Second Red Division reorganized from the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising Army cooperated with each other and held the third armed uprising. On November 1, the uprising troops once again captured Haifeng County. The party organization sent Peng Pai back to Hailufeng and established the Soviet governments of Hailufeng and Hailufeng counties in mid-November. Yang Qishan was unanimously elected as one of the 13 members of the Haifeng County Soviet Government (without a chairman) at the Haifeng County Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Congress.

After the establishment of the Soviet government, Yang Qishan relied on her years of experience in carrying out the peasant movement to assist Peng Pai in establishing the district and township Soviet power, confiscating and allocating land, expanding workers' and peasants' armed forces, and suppressing reactionary forces. All tasks were carried out in an orderly manner. In progress. In just three or four months, Haifeng completed 80% of the land confiscated and distributed. Soviet governments were established in all districts of the county and nearly 100,000 Red Guards were organized. The poor farmers truly realized their desire to be the masters of their own country. Haifeng Everywhere in urban and rural areas was full of new atmosphere, and it was called "China's first Soviet" at that time. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out in its resolution on January 3, 1928: "This is the first time that tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of peasants themselves have implemented the slogan of the agrarian revolution, and the first time that they have been organized into an unrestricted movement of workers, peasants and soldiers. regime." Hai Lufeng's victory aroused the hatred and panic of the Kuomintang Guangdong authorities. In late February 1928, the reactionaries dispatched more than 20,000 troops to "encircle and suppress" the Hai Lufeng Soviet. In early March, the two county towns of Hailufeng and most of the towns were lost. Yang Qishan was sent to Lufeng to lead the struggle against "encirclement and suppression" and the restoration of the Soviet area.

During difficult times, he and the Lufeng County Party Committee led the Red Guards to seize the opportunity to attack enemy strongholds and cooperate with the main Red Army operations. In early 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Fourth Red Army to enter southern Jiangxi to establish the base area. Later, the Fourth Red Army entered Fujian three times to help create the base area in western Fujian, which promoted the revolutionary situation in Guangdong. The revolutionary situation in Dongjiang took a new turn. Party organizations and Soviet power at all levels were gradually restored. The Hailu Huizi Revolutionary Committee and the Dongjiang Soviet Government were established successively. Yang Qishan was elected as the main leading member. She also served as an executive member of the Dongjiang Soviet Government and participated in the creation and development of the Hailu Huizi District. Work. Under the leadership of Yang Qishan and others, the agrarian revolution and armed struggle developed again, and Hailuhui Zisu District developed into an important Soviet area in the Dongjiang Revolutionary Base.

In June 1932, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops to "encircle and suppress" the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army for the fourth time. The Guangdong warlords also responded frantically, taking turns to "encircle and suppress" the Dongjiang Revolutionary Base Area. Hui Zisu District on land and sea bore the brunt, and wherever the enemy went Everywhere, they burned, killed, looted, and committed all kinds of evil. Yang Qishan and his comrades had no choice but to lead the team to move to the mountains to hide and live an extremely difficult guerrilla life. They have no fixed place to live and no food to eat. Hunger, disease, and enemy raids troubled them all the time. But Yang Qishan's revolutionary fighting spirit remained undiminished and she persisted in fighting in unimaginable difficulties.

One day in September 1933, Yang Qishan led a soldier to secretly conduct activities in Gaogang Village, Jieshi River, Lufeng. He was reported by a traitor who knew him. As soon as he entered the village, he was attacked by local reactionary armed forces. . Yang Qishan was caught off guard and fell heroically to the enemy's gun.

After the founding of New China, the People's Government posthumously recognized him as a revolutionary martyr.