Brief introduction of new york Port

New york Harbor is the general name of all rivers, bays and tidal estuaries around the mouth of Hudson River near new york, USA. Here are some port profiles of new york Port. Welcome to read!

Overview:

New york Port is one of the busiest ports in North America and one of the natural deep-water ports in the world. The throughput of 1980 reaches1600,000 tons, which has been above10,000 tons for many years, with an average of more than 4,000 ships entering and leaving each year. In terms of gross tonnage, this port is the third largest port in the United States and the largest port on the east coast. Because new york is located on the northeast coast of the Atlantic Ocean, it is the most densely populated and industrially developed area in the United States, and it is close to the busiest Atlantic route in the world, so it is geographically close to Europe; In addition, the superior port conditions and the Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes make new york Port the most important product distribution center in the United States, thus establishing its position as an important shipping and transportation hub in the world and a transportation center in Europe and America. In the history of new york's development, new york Port is in the most critical position. Ports not only brought a lot of wealth and products to new york, but also immigrants from all over the world entered new york through new york Port at the beginning of the 9th century and the end of the 20th century. These immigrants and their descendants became the main force for the future development of new york.

New york Port has two main waterways. One is Enbulus Waterway, which is 16km long, 6 10m wide and 3.72 m deep. Ships from the south or the east enter new york Bay and sail to various port areas through this waterway. The other is the Long Island Strait and the East River, which are used by ships entering Hong Kong from the north. The narrow channel at the mouth of Hudson River has a water depth of more than 30 meters, and the water depth of most sections of Donghe Channel exceeds 18 meters, and the deepest part is nearly 33 meters. Ports are not easy to store. The hinterland of new york Port is vast, with road network, railway network, inland waterway network and air transportation network extending in all directions. New york has 14 railway lines, eight of which can lead to all parts of the United States, Canada and Mexico.

geography

Broadly speaking, the scope of new york Port includes the following water bodies and their coastlines: Upper new york Bay, Lower new york Bay, North River (the lowest point of Hudson River), East River, Van Kul Waterway, Newark Bay, Arthur Waterway, New York Bay Strait, Jamaican Bay, Laritan Bay and Harlem River.

This area covers an area of about 1 0,200 square miles (3 100 square kilometers) and has a coastline of over 1 0,000 miles (1 1,600 kilometers). At the peak, it includes 650 miles (65,438+0,046 kilometers) of developed coastline, which is distributed in the following 65,438+065,438+0 independent and prosperous port areas: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, Staten Island, Perth Amboy, Elizabeth, Beiyang, Newark and Jersey City.

Although the United States Geographical Names Committee did not establish the term new york Harbor, it has important historical, political, economic and ecological uses.

port

From the shipping point of view, new york Port is an integrated system centered on new york Bay, which consists of about 240 miles (386 kilometers) of navigation channels (pilotage required), anchorage and port facilities. Large cargo ships need the assistance of tugboats to complete the turn at sharp bends in the waterway, such as the sharp bend from Vancouver Waterway to Newark Bay. The main entrance to the port from the Atlantic Ocean is located between Rockway and Sandy Hook in the southeast; The other entrance enters from the northeast and crosses the Long Island Strait at the East River exit. The port extends southwest to the mouth of Laritan River, northwest to Newark Port, and north to George Washington Bridge. Other vehicular access through the harbour includes the alley tunnel and the Victoria razzano Strait Bridge across the New York Bay Strait.

Port facilities in new york and New Jersey are the largest oil import terminal and the second largest container terminal in the United States. Although the term "new york Port" has always implied new york Port, which includes five districts and the adjacent New Jersey City coastline, it was not until 1972 that they were placed under the management of a single bi-state port authority. The container ship facilities from Newark Port to Newark Bay Elizabeth Shipping Terminal at 1950 have eclipsed the commercial ports in Manhattan and Brooklyn nearby, and it is also the largest container port on the east coast. The importance of ports in passenger transport has declined, but the Port Authority also manages three airports: JFK Airport in new york, la guardia airport and Newark Liberty Airport. New york also has cruise ships, commuter ferries and sightseeing boats. Recently, a new passenger transport facility opened in Red Hook, Brooklyn. Although most ferry services are privately operated, Staten Island Ferry is operated by new york Municipal Transportation Administration.

traffic

In new york and New Jersey, ports and airports are combined into one, becoming the second largest area for passenger transport. Nearby JFK Air Freight Company and FedEx, the busiest freight carrier in the world, use Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) as a regional hub, creating a sea and air transportation trunk line. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, la guardia airport, Starr International Airport, Teterboro Airport, Israeli Airport and Lower Manhattan Airport are all operated by the Port Authority of new york and New Jersey. At the same time, he is responsible for the management and operation of Newark and Kennedy airport light rail trunk lines, George Washington Bridge, Lincoln Bridge, Hulanke Tunnel and light rail across the Hudson River. The Port Authority is a public institution owned by two states, which manages itself and pays taxes independently.

container terminal

There are four container terminals in the port, which is the busiest port on the east coast, the third in the United States and the 20th in the world. Ports are leased to different port operators, such as AP Muller-Maersk Group.

Howland Hook Marine Terminal Newark Port-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in New Jersey, the largest container terminal in the United States, the third busiest container terminal in the world, new york and New Jersey Port in New York, accounted for 14% of the total international shipping volume in the United States in 2008. 176 freight airlines and thousands of air freight forwarding service enterprises are based in new york and New Jersey ports, providing services for a number of international direct freight routes. The Port Authority has maintained cooperative relations with COSCO Container Lines, CSCL, Sinotrans, Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Cargo Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Yangtze River Express, Shanghai Airlines and other enterprises for many years. New york Port handles about 3.2 million TEUs and 700,000 vehicles every year. In the first half of 20 14, the port throughput 1583449 TEU. 20 10 In June, new york and New Jersey Port Authority agreed to purchase 128 acres of land from Bayonne Military Marine Terminal for the expansion of the port container terminal.

Waterway maintenance

The responsibility of port management is assumed by the federal government to the municipal government. Port facilities are controlled by two state port authorities, but the depth control of navigation channels is actually undertaken by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Since Congress passed a comprehensive law on rivers and seaports in 1826, the US Army Corps of Engineers has joined the port management.

The natural water depth of new york Harbor is about 17 feet (5 meters), but the controlled water depth 1880 has been deepened to about 24 feet (7 meters).

At 189 1, the shallowest part of the main channel is 30 feet (9 meters). 19 14 Anchorage Waterway becomes the main entrance of the harbor, with a water depth of 40 feet (12m) and a width of 2,000 feet (600m). During World War II, the waterway was dredged to 45 feet (65,438+04 meters) to accommodate larger Panamanian cargo ships. At present, the corps of engineers has contracted out the project of dredging to 50 feet (65,438+05 meters), which ensures that the waterway can accommodate the super Panama container ship, which can pass through the Suez Canal. The waterway connecting the container handling facilities in Newark Port and the Atlantic Ocean has caused a series of environmental problems. Contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls accumulate under sludge. The sandy seabed in many areas has been dug to the rock surface and needs to be blasted. Then, the excavation equipment picks up the gravel and dumps it elsewhere. In 2005, 70 dredging equipment were dug deep in this port, which is the largest dredging fleet in the world. Residents of Staten Island occasionally notice the noise and vibration caused by dredging. Excavators will warn local residents before blasting.

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