Five ecological management areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Three, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period in Inner Mongolia ecological comprehensive management construction layout

(A) comprehensive ecological management construction layout ideas

According to the guiding ideology of ecological construction in our region, on the basis of the achievements of ecological protection and construction in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and in accordance with the requirements of the main functional zoning and landform zoning of the state and autonomous regions, we will build a comprehensive ecological management construction layout with "two lines and seven districts" as the main body.

"Two Lines": Ecological Defense Line in Daxing 'anling. Strengthen the protection of natural forests, prohibit unprotected logging, plant trees, conserve water sources, protect wild animals, and actively develop forest and grass industries on the basis of ecological protection. The ecological defense line at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain is actively returning farmland to pasture and grassland to control land desertification and salinization.

"Seven Districts": Hulunbeier Grassland Desertification Land Prevention and Control Zone and Wuzhumuqin Banner Typical Grassland Protection Zone, focusing on returning grazing to grassland, returning farmland to grassland and rotating grazing in different areas, prohibiting reclamation, firewood harvesting and overloading grazing to prevent grassland degradation and desertification. Horqin Sandy Land Prevention and Control Area and Hunshandake Sandy Land Prevention and Control Area focus on restoring the ecological environment of sandy grassland, strictly implement grass and livestock, and enhance the function of wind prevention and sand fixation. In the Mu Us-Kubuqi desert control area and Alashan desert control area, comprehensive management should be strengthened to protect and restore natural vegetation and prevent sand dune activation and desertification area from expanding. Soil erosion control areas in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau focus on strengthening soil erosion, land desertification and salinization control.

(two) the content of regional division and comprehensive management construction

1. Construction area for comprehensive ecological management of grassland and sandy land

The area includes grassland pastoral areas in the west of Daxing 'anling and the north of Yinshan, grassland pastoral areas in the west of Ordos, four sandy lands and four desert marginal areas. Hulunbeier Grassland Desertification Land Management Area, Wuzhumuqin Typical Grassland Protection Area, Horqin Sandy Land Management Area, Hunshandake Sandy Land Management Area, Mu Us-Kubuqi Desertification Land Management Area and Alashan Desertification Land Management Area are key construction areas for comprehensive management.

Grassland pastoral areas take the protection and improvement of natural grassland ecology as the core, adhere to the combination of protection and construction, adjust measures to local conditions, adapt trees, grass, trees and grass, further enhance grassland ecological functions, effectively alleviate the trend of grassland degradation and desertification, and develop in a virtuous circle. Adhere to the balance between grassland and livestock, take measures such as returning grazing to grassland, long-term grazing ban, phased grazing ban, rotational grazing, establishing grassland protection areas, building artificial grassland in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas in agricultural areas, and transferring people who exceed the environmental carrying capacity to increase grassland protection. Vigorously develop grass industry and expand the area of artificial grassland and feed land. Strengthen grassland supervision, monitoring, scientific and technological support and service system construction. Strengthen the construction of grassland supervision team and improve the grassland supervision and management system.

Focusing on sand prevention and control in sandy land and desert marginal areas, biological measures, engineering measures and scientific management are adopted. In accordance with the principle of focusing on key points, concentrating on contiguous areas and comprehensive management, we will implement ecological construction projects such as returning farmland to forests, aerial seeding afforestation, closing hills (sand) for afforestation, artificial afforestation, enclosure, grazing prohibition and rotational grazing. Increase the intensity of ecological migration, actively develop sand industry and forest and grass industry, and realize greening and enriching the people. We will build Sanguisorba Sandland Base in Hunshandake Sandland. The bases of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Hulunbeier sandy land and Horqin sandy land, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica base in Mu Us sandy land. In the marginal areas of Tengger, Badain Jaran, Wulanbuhe, Bayinwendu and Kubuqi deserts with suitable conditions, measures such as enclosure, aerial seeding afforestation, artificial afforestation and sand sealing have been taken. In other areas, the severely degraded natural forests and grass vegetation have been restored and updated mainly by sealing sand (grass), so as to improve the function of wind prevention and sand fixation, curb the further expansion of desertification land and reduce the frequency of sandstorms.

2. Construction area for comprehensive management of forest and irrigation ecology

The area includes Daxinganling, the yinshan mountains and the northern foot of Helan Mountain. The ecological defense line in Daxing 'anling, the yinshan mountains and the northern foot of Helan Mountain are the key construction areas for comprehensive management.

Relying on the national key forestry ecological projects, we will implement the forestry sustainable development strategy focusing on ecological construction, industrial construction and ecological civilization construction, and further strengthen the protection, cultivation and rational utilization of forest resources. Strengthen the management of existing forests and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of forests. We will continue to implement ecological construction projects such as natural forest resources protection, returning farmland to forests, "Three North" shelterbelts, and public welfare forest compensation. Intensify the construction of ecological migration in forest areas, merger of forest farms, "replacing wood with coal", forest fire prevention, pest control, nature reserves, forest parks and other projects. Further increase the resources of state-owned forest farms to achieve a win-win situation of increasing benefits and making employees rich. Combine the natural forest protection project with the construction of nature reserves, focus on the intensive processing of forest products, and accelerate the development of characteristic aquaculture, undergrowth collection and forest product processing industry. Around the town, on both sides of major railways and highways, and around the airport, we will vigorously create shelterbelts and roadside forests.

3. Construction area for comprehensive ecological management in low mountains and hills

This area includes the southeast foot of Daxinganling, the northeast of Ordos Plateau, the south foot of Yinshan Mountain, the upper reaches of Xiliaohe River and other areas with serious soil erosion. The loess plateau hilly and gully soil erosion control area and the upper reaches of the West Liaohe River are regarded as the key construction areas for comprehensive management.

Strengthen the supervision and management of soil and water conservation. Strengthen the protection of areas with good ecological environment and ecological restoration areas, and strive to control man-made soil erosion. Focus on the implementation of the "three simultaneities" system of soil and water conservation and strengthen the supervision of development and construction projects. Implement the responsibility of soil erosion prevention and control, strengthen and standardize the collection and management of soil erosion prevention and control fees. Strengthen the capacity building of water and soil conservation supervision and management, and further improve the ability of water and soil conservation teams to administer according to law and the level of supervision and law enforcement.

Accelerate the comprehensive control of soil erosion. We will continue to do a good job in ecological restoration of key small watersheds, construction of warping dams, prohibition of reclamation, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, fence protection, grazing prohibition and rotation, and construction of soil and water conservation forests to promote the self-repair of ecosystems. Vigorously promote the comprehensive control of soil erosion in sloping farmland and the prevention and control of soil erosion in water sources. In the loess plateau area, efforts should be made to do a good job in the construction management and flood control safety of warping dams and effectively reduce the sediment entering the Yellow River. The black soil area in Northeast China mainly adopts control measures such as terraced fields, soil and water conservation forests, economic forests, river regulation, ecological restoration and small-scale water conservancy and soil conservation projects.

Strengthen the construction of soil and water conservation monitoring network and information system, and strive to improve the scientific and technological support capacity and modernization level of soil and water conservation. Promote the innovation of soil and water conservation system and mechanism, and strive to achieve a new breakthrough in the ecological compensation mechanism of soil and water conservation.

4. Construction area for comprehensive management of agricultural ecology

The area includes Songliao Plain, Central Daxing 'anling, Hetao Plain and Tumochuan Plain.

Focusing on plain greening, farmland shelterbelt construction and renovation, we will improve the comprehensive benefits of ecological engineering, effectively protect and improve the agricultural ecological environment, and enhance the ability of agricultural sustainable development. Integrate low-and medium-yield farmland transformation, land consolidation, agricultural development, water conservancy projects, forestry construction and other projects. Accelerate the construction of farmland forest network supporting the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields. High-standard shelterbelts with wide forest belts and large grids will be built on the main roads of farmland and tractor-ploughed roads, and fruit trees in canals and weirs will be developed by using the construction of Mao Qu instead of Mao Qu, so as to gradually improve the construction level of farmland forest network and plain greening. Continue to promote the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands in steep slopes and areas with serious wind erosion and desertification. Accelerate the development of fast-growing and high-yield forests, dual-purpose forests for protective materials and economic forests. Actively introduce excellent fast-growing varieties, build different types of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest demonstration bases through scientific afforestation and intensive management, and guide the healthy development of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest construction in the whole region. Accelerate the transformation of agricultural production and management mode, and vigorously develop ecological agriculture and agriculture and animal husbandry with high yield, high quality, high efficiency and safety.

5. Wetland and nature reserve ecological comprehensive management area

This area includes the moist areas dominated by rivers, lakes and swamps in the northeast of China, and rivers, coastal wetlands and salt marsh wetlands in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

Strengthen wetland protection. Establish different levels and sizes of wetland nature reserves, wetland parks and wetland nature reserves, strengthen the infrastructure and capacity building of various types of protected areas, manage them at different levels, and promote them as a whole to form a relatively complete wetland nature reserve network. Increase the intensity of wetland restoration. Implement wetland ecological water replenishment project, and use wetlands such as flood storage in river flood season, flood in ice flood season and intermittent water in agricultural irrigation to restore and expand wetland water area and increase wetland water storage resources and drought resistance. Implement the wetland pollution control project, discharge the domestic sewage and industrial wastewater into the nearby wetland after treatment, purify the water body by using the wetland ecosystem, and provide usable reclaimed water for industry and agriculture. Implement projects of returning farmland to beaches, lakes, forests and grasslands, improve vegetation coverage, restore wetland waters, improve wetland ecological environment and maintain wetland biodiversity.

All kinds of nature reserves are subject to compulsory protection according to law, all kinds of development activities are strictly restricted, the authenticity and integrity of the region are maintained, and the ecological service function of the prohibited development areas is guaranteed. Strengthen the protection of rare and endangered wildlife species. Carry out a background survey of rare and endangered wildlife resources in the whole region, establish a dynamic database, and build an information sharing platform for the protection and sustainable utilization of rare and endangered wildlife. Protect biological species and genetic resources, focusing on the protection of particularly threatened biological species.