Chinese Americans, in the United States, do not support their parents. Can the laws of China control them?

It has been more than 200 years since China immigrated to the United States. Great changes have taken place in the treatment and status of Chinese in the United States, from the early migrant workers selling pigs to the knowledgeable new immigrants since the 1990s, and the relationship between China and the United States has gradually changed from unequal and hostile to more equal "partners". How to treat the history of immigrants from China for more than 200 years, and how to evaluate the Chinese American literature accompanying immigrants from China? This has always been an important topic studied by many experts and scholars at home and abroad. Huang, a famous American Chinese writer, published novels "Running" (Shenyang Press 1996), "Furious" (Shenyang Press 2003) and a collection of short stories "San Francisco Passion Years" (Zhuhai Press 2004) in China, and then a collection of essays "Chinatown" was published by Guangzhou Huacheng Press (at the end of 2004), which made us have a deeper understanding of the above issues. First, use personal experience to prove historical development. Both literature and history require describing the truth and essence of life. Historical writing can't be fictional, it needs a lot of information and data as the basis, and the author's personal experience is not particularly important in writing; Literary writing does not exclude fiction, but the truth of personal experience, especially the details of life, is very important. From personal experience alone, Huang undoubtedly has an advantage in the creation of Chinese American literature: three generations of overseas Chinese have lived in the United States for more than half a century. What he wrote in Chinatown is all personal experiences. His personal experiences (including his family) prove the development of history and times, which also makes this collection of essays particularly true and heavy. Huang described in the book: "My grandfather came to the New World as a' contractor' to build the Central Pacific Railway when he was 17 years old, that is, when we understood' selling piglets'. /kloc-return to China to get married after 0/7. Due to the implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act, he could not return to the United States. " (On Overseas Chinese Literature) The "Chinese Exclusion Act" here refers to a bill passed by the US Congress in 1882 that "Chinese workers are absolutely prohibited from entering the country for ten years". 1884 amended the bill, and the clause was increased to 17, which expanded the scope of immigration restrictions in China; 1888 was upgraded to Squet Act again, which prohibited Chinese workers who had temporarily left the country from returning to the United States and rejected more than 20,000 Chinese workers who had returned to visit relatives. Huang's grandfather is probably among the 20 thousand people. Early immigrants from China worked as coolies in the United States, mining mines, building railways and reclaiming wasteland, which made outstanding contributions to the development of the western United States. However, after the prosperity and development of American economy, these Chinese workers became the targets of white people's rejection and attack. Because the United States restricts the entry of Chinese, Chinese have to adopt some abnormal ways to immigrate, one of which is "impersonation". 1906 after the San Francisco earthquake and fire, all the files of the immigration bureau were burned, and many Chinese took the opportunity to pretend that they were born in the United States and obtained American documents. After "the judge determined the nationality right of indigenous descendants, another means of impersonation came into being." Chinese-Americans came back from visiting relatives in China and reported to the Immigration Bureau that they had given birth to a child (usually a boy). This has created a vacancy for immigrants. After a few years, Chinese living in the United States can transfer or sell these vacancies and related oral confession materials, so that other Chinese can enter the country under false pretenses. "Since you apply for immigration under a pseudonym, you can't take the original surname, and you must change your surname on the immigration paper. Huang's father immigrated to the United States under the pseudonym Zhuo in 1924, and Huang also immigrated to the United States under the same name Zhuo in 1948, so Huang's Chinese name is Huang, but his English name is Zhuo. It is quite common among Chinese Americans that legal surnames become illegal and illegal surnames become legal. In the 1960s, the US Immigration Bureau launched the so-called "repentance movement", asking China immigrants with fake citizenship to "repent" to the government that they were "illegal immigrants", and then the Immigration Bureau went through immigration procedures again according to the situation, taking the opportunity to crack down on progressives and dissidents who persecuted China society. 1962, Huang's father was forced to "confess" to the Immigration Bureau, but Huang refused to "confess" and was arrested by the police for "illegal entry". Then, his father was forced to testify that his son was an "illegal immigrant". As a result, Huang was sentenced to three months in prison and five years in prison. In order to protect his civil rights, he fought a lawsuit with the American government for ten years, and was finally allowed to reapply for American citizenship at 1974. Reading the series of essays of Time Trace, the first series of Chinatown, seems to be reviewing the history of Sino-US relations for half a century with the author, and the author's "American Dream" is indeed linked with the ups and downs of Sino-US relations. In order to dream, Huang came to America with his father when he was 15 years old, but he lost his freedom before he set foot on this promised land. He was sent to immigration as a prisoner and detained for questioning. Just like my father came to America as a teenager and was locked up on an angel island without angels (Lost and Found Diary). The United States in the 1950s was an era of extreme anti-China and anti-McCarthyism. During his service in the army, Huang was considered to be engaged in "anti-American" activities because of his normalization of relations with Zhang Meizhong and his opposition to the Korean War. He was sentenced to "expulsion from the army" by a military court and ordered to be expelled from the army. All books, diaries and novel manuscripts with tens of thousands of words were confiscated. Under great pressure, he has long called for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, and initiated the establishment of the "American-Chinese People's Friendship Association" with several friends; He founded the famous Times and reported President Nixon's "ice-breaking trip" to China in its inaugural issue. When Deng Xiaoping visited the United States, he followed up the interview as a reporter for The Times and wrote a series of reports and comments. When President Reagan visited China, he accompanied him as a member of the American press corps. 1974 at the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, led an American delegation to Beijing to attend the 25th anniversary celebration of the National Day. 1 97965438+1October1,he reported exclusively in all American Chinese newspapers for the first time: the United States and China formally established diplomatic relations! Since Mr. Huang is engaged in journalism, publishing, translation and creation,