Why are the salaries of seafarers (general workers) recruited by many shipping companies so high?

First, the particularity of occupation Because sailing boats are far away from home, they have been drifting in Tianshui for several months. Even in recent years, the natural environment is changeable and dangerous, and the psychological load of seafarers is extremely heavy. Sailors have a narrow range of activities, and they spend more than 80% of their time in this land of Xiaotian. Although the duty system stipulates taking turns to rest, it is impossible to have a big environmental change, and the duty cycle is endless, the schedule is different, and the pace of life is impermanent. Every two days of sailing, the time difference exceeds one hour, the circadian rhythm changes constantly, the seasons change constantly, and the biological rhythm of seafarers changes frequently, causing anxiety, boredom and various diseases. The noise of the ship during the voyage is all-weather. 1980 The standard stipulated by the International Maritime Consultative Organization is that the engine room noise is far greater than 90 dB in continuous operation and not greater than 1 10 dB in intermittent operation, but the actual situation often exceeds this standard. The noise in the engine room far exceeds that in the textile and forging workshops. The living area on board is close to the main engine, generator and auxiliary engine, and it is around the clock. The noise and vibration they produce continue to act on seafarers, making them restless for a moment. Due to the continuous effect of noise, hearing loss and mental fatigue are caused. Low-frequency noise will also reduce seafarers' adaptability to monotonous work. The vibration and shaking of the hull often make seafarers in bumps and shocks, ranging from vestibular-autonomic nerve syndrome to diplopia and confusion. Air pollution, extreme heat, lack of light, etc. It will increase the psychological load of seafarers, reduce work efficiency, and cause adverse reactions such as visual fatigue and mental burnout. Poor living conditions such as lack of fresh water, lack of fresh vegetables, fidgeting and lack of sleep will also affect the mood and health of seafarers. 2. Functions and roles Workplaces, social places and personal areas are inseparable and unchangeable on board. Sailors rarely have a chance to adjust their roles on the ship. Take senior seafarers as an example. He was the leader of the sailors at all times and occasions on the ship. In the hierarchy, people expect his role behavior according to his status, which makes him unable to get rid of this cage. Changes without role transformation are not conducive to mental health. The relationship between superiors and subordinates in fixed work, rigid schedule, unchangeable living environment and accommodation, and the partnership of meeting every day have formed a kind of pressure. Three. The accident and stress response rate at sea is quite high, with 473 ships lost worldwide from 65438 to 0978, the highest in recent years. On the one hand, accidents are caused by seafarers' psychological factors and working conditions, which further threaten navigation safety and put psychological pressure on seafarers. 1980, a Chinese12,000-ton general cargo ship collided with Japanese and Korean cargo ships successively, and the other ship sank and we were injured. Within one day after the accident, the incidence rate increased significantly. That night, 49 people on board suffered from insomnia, 1 had insufficient blood supply to the heart, 2 had hypertension, 10 had tachycardia and arrhythmia, 16 had stomachache and 8 had diarrhea. Psychosomatic disorders appear after the accident, although the manifestations are different, but it shows that the stress state strongly affects the psychosomatic health of seafarers. During the period of 1979- 198 1, a ship sank, caught fire, exploded, collided, ran aground and disappeared for unknown reasons every day in the world. According to the research by the Netherlands Institute of Oceanography and the British Coast Guard, about three-quarters of accidents are caused by human error, and psychological barriers caused by various reasons are the source of accidents. Fourthly, the main psychosomatic obstacles, monotonous work, single male group and monotonous environment cause seafarers' sexual depression, boredom, fatigue and insecurity; They are emotionally unstable, easily angered, attacked, quarreled and fought, indifferent, stubborn, shrinking, dull, and all kinds of psychological troubles, leading to bad behavior and diseases. Because of sexual repression and nostalgia for family, coupled with the sexual temptation of some pictures and scenes, some sailors masturbate into a habit. Some couples have sexual dysfunction due to masturbation during vacation, which affects family harmony, and some are infected with sexually transmitted diseases. Alcoholism is a sign of the degradation of seafarers. Alcohol damages brain function, vision, economic ability and motor function, and accidents caused by alcoholism account for a considerable proportion. Although addicts feel satisfied after drinking, they lose their sense of responsibility, ignore their own health, are indifferent to others and their families, and only see people who drink. When you quit drinking, you will become depressed, jealous, excitable and rude. Personality changes caused by alcoholism are usually related to inadaptability to navigation. Depression is common among seafarers. The main symptoms are depression, depression, mental retardation, blocked thinking and loss of work ability; Slow movement, reduced activity, often similar to the feelings and anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, weakness. Serious suicidal intentions and well-planned covert operations. Seamen's "unexplained" jumping into the sea is mostly pathological behavior. Mania and reactive psychosis also occur from time to time, and symptomatic psychosis is mostly delirium. Psychosomatic diseases of seafarers include ulcers, cardiovascular diseases and tumors. Digestive diseases account for 15.7% ~ 30% of seafarers' morbidity, which is higher than that of land residents. The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are higher than those of residents of the same age group on land. In particular, the incidence rate of captains, officers and drivers is higher, which is related to their higher responsibility load than ordinary seafarers.