The process of defending Siping

1946 1 At the beginning of the year, the two sides signed an armistice agreement. However, before the ink was dry, Chiang Kai-shek went back on his word, sending more troops to the northeast and attacking the democratic Coalition forces in the northeast. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu Handong, the former division commander of Northeast Army 107, to send troops into Siping as soon as possible, and appointed him as the chairman of northern Liaoning Province, with the capital located in Siping City. Chiang Kai-shek also told Liu Handong in particular that the northeast is very important and the fate of the Kuomintang is in the northeast; To control the northeast, we must seize Siping, a strategic place. The Northeast Democratic Allied Forces led by China's * * * Production Party fought fiercely with Chiang Kai-shek in Siping, Jilin for more than 30 days, with more than 8,000 casualties. This battle is called Siping Defence War in the history of the Party and the army. Nearly 60 years later, historians have been arguing about this war. These spirits embodied in the defense of Siping are often reflected in the battles and battles in other areas in the future. Geng Biao's above statement basically made a conclusion for the defense of Siping.

1946 (thirty-five years of the Republic of China) From April to May, during the third revolutionary civil war, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces conducted a defensive campaign against the attack of Kuomintang troops in Siping area in northern Liaoning (now Jilin Province, Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). The Kuomintang army landed in Qinhuangdao and marched into the northeast. On March 13, 2003, it took over the defense of Shenyang from the Soviet Red Army and occupied Fushun, Tieling and Liaoyang successively. In late March, Du Fu, director of the Northeast Hangyuan of the Kuomintang Army and commander of the security forces, took advantage of his American-style equipment and the number of troops, and took advantage of the retreat of the Soviet army to openly undermine the agreement signed by the representatives of the two countries and the "three-person team" composed of Marshall of the United States on March 27, and began to act on March 3 1 day in advance. Concentrate the forces of five armies 1 1 divisions to launch a large-scale attack from Shenyang along Zhongchang Road (from Harbin to Manzhouli in the west, Suifenhe in the east and Dalian in the south) and Anshen Road (from Anton to Shenyang) in an attempt to seize the areas on both sides of Zhongchang Road and control Liaodong Peninsula before the signing of the Northeast Armistice Agreement. Its deployment is: attack the north of Shenyang with newly compiled 1 army and 7 1 army, and it is expected to seize Siping on April 2; The 6th Army, the 52nd Army and the 5th Division of the 94th Army were newly organized to attack south of Shenyang, thus completing the occupation of Anshan, Benxi and other Nanman industrial zones. Then prepare to concentrate the new 1 Army, the new 6 Army and other departments to attack north of Siping along the medium-long railway in an attempt to oppress the main force of the democratic Coalition forces on the south bank of Songhua River and destroy it.

In order to prevent the Kuomintang commanders from marching, cooperate with Chongqing negotiations and promote the realization of peace and democracy in Northeast China and the whole country, the Central Military Commission decided to fully control Beiman area, Changchun and Harbin, as well as the section from Manzhouli to Suifenhe on Zhongchang Road. Then, on March 24th, we sent a telegram to the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee and the General Command of the Democratic Allied Forces, demanding that the Democratic Allied Forces in Northeast China quickly concentrate their main forces, resolutely guard the Siping area and deal a powerful blow to the enemies advancing northward. Nanman main force set

In Benxi area, attack and contain the enemy. Cooperate with Siping area to fight; After the Soviet troops withdrew from Changchun, Harbin and Qiqihar, they quickly annihilated the bandits and puppet troops in the three cities and seized them. Lin Biao, commander of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces, and Peng Zhen, political commissar, followed the instructions of the China Producers' Party Central Committee and decided to defend Nanman Benxi with a force; An army liberated Changchun, Harbin and Qiqihar; The key point is to prevent Kuomintang troops from attacking Manchuria northward in Siping area. The specific deployment is: the 3rd Division 10 Brigade of the New Fourth Army will take sports defense in the areas north of Tieling and south of Siping, delay and annihilate the enemy advancing northward, and cover 1, 2nd Division and 7th column (the original coastal detachment was expanded). The main force of the Seventh Brigade and the Eighth Brigade of the New Fourth Army and the independent brigade of the Third Division will gather in Siping to make use of the enemy advancing northward in sports or operations. Nanman No.3, No.4 and Bao No.3 Brigade fought in Benxi area; Changchun was captured by the main force of Shandong 7th Division, Harbin by the 359th Brigade, and Qiqihar by the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army.

Siping Street, located in the central plain of Northeast China, is the intersection of the railways of Zhongchang, Sipingtao (south) and Sipingmei (sea mouth) and one of the important strategic hubs in Northeast China. The Kuomintang Army New 1 Army and 7 1 Army (belonging to the 88th Division) went north along Zhongchang Road from Shenyang, occupied Kaiyuan and Faku, and continued to attack Siping in early April. By mid-April, the Kuomintang troops attacking Manchuria had successively occupied Tieling, Changtu and Faku. Democratic Coalition forces carried out sports defense in the south of Siping and stopped them one after another. Eliminate more than 2,000 new 1 troops. 16 In April, the Democratic Allied Forces concentrated on the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army, Shandong 1 Division, the 7th Column and the 8th Brigade, and annihilated the 87th Normal Division of the Kuomintang 7 1 Army with superior forces in Dawa and Jinshanbao areas in the southwest of Siping. On June 7, 1, the newly formed 1 army advanced to the east and south of Siping, forming an arc encirclement of Siping Street. At the same time, in the battle to defend Benxi, our army repelled the enemy's attack twice in Nanman and wiped out more than 4,000 people. In the middle and late April, the democratic allied forces liberated Changchun, Kazakhstan and Qi as scheduled and eliminated more than 26,000 bandits. At this time, the negotiations between our party and the Kuomintang on the Northeast issue have reached a critical stage where it is possible to reach an agreement quickly. However, in order to put itself in a more favorable position, the Kuomintang is still trying to seize more places such as Siping and Changchun. The CPC Central Committee instructed the Northeast Democratic Coalition Forces to stick to Siping and annihilate a large number of enemy troops in Siping area to facilitate negotiations. In order to firmly guard Siping, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces decided to form Siping garrison headquarters with Security 1 Brigade. Security guard 1 brigade commander Ma Renxing commanded the brigade and 56 regiments of 7 columns to defend Siping, security guard 1 brigade 1 regiment defended the west side of the railway, and 56 regiments of 7 columns defended the east side of the railway. Concentrate on Siping, stand by and annihilate the enemy to the west and north; And successively sent the 7th Division and the 359th Brigade of Shandong Province to the south, the 7th and 8th Brigade of the 3rd Column and the 3rd Brigade of Nanman Security to the north to participate in the Siping Defence War.

18 in April, under the cover of planes and artillery fire, the new 1 army's new 30th division attacked Siping from the south and the new 38th division from the west and northwest in turn, which lasted for three days. Relying on the fortifications, the Democratic Allied Forces 1 Brigade and Security 7 Column fought tenaciously and organized many counterattacks, which caused great losses to the Kuomintang troops and made little progress.

At this time, the Kuomintang 7 1 Army advanced to Bamiancheng and Siping, and detoured to the right side of the position of the Democratic Allied Forces. At the same time, the new 1 army was also launched in the southeast of Siping. In order to strengthen the defense of the left and right wings of Siping, the Democratic Coalition forces deployed troops in the northwest of Siping with 1, 2 nd Division, 3 rd Division, 8 th Brigade and 10 Brigade. The 3rd Division and 7th Brigade were transferred from Mishima Woods in the north of the city to Haval and Huoshiling in the east of Siping to strengthen the defense of the 7th column. Yang Guofu replaced the 3rd position of the 7th Brigade in the north of the forest with the 7th Division. At this point, the Democratic Allied Forces took Siping as the center, formed a defense line winding for more than a hundred miles from the east (Huoshiling) to the west (Bamiancheng), and deployed six mobile units of divisions (brigades). In this way, although the democratic Coalition forces defeated the Kuomintang army's attempt to detour to Siping, our army did not have the mobile forces to carry out a strong counterattack. With the help of the temporary Turkish side, the garrison troops of the Democratic Allied Forces fought bravely and tenaciously with the Kuomintang troops fully equipped with American machinery and equipment by using the collected daily light weapons. The main defensive positions in Siping Street are bombarded by nearly 30 shells and bombs every minute on average. During the fierce battle, the garrison troops of the Democratic Allied Forces braved heavy artillery fire from the air and the ground during the day and organized emergency repairs and fortifications at night. In the fierce battle, the third company of the 56th regiment of the Democratic Allied Forces suffered more than half casualties, but under the command of political instructor Sun, they still persisted in fighting. In order to concentrate on attacking Benxi, the Kuomintang northeast security commander's headquarters stopped attacking Siping Street on April 27, and the two sides formed a confrontation on the battlefield of Siping Street.

On April 26th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces: "Marshall proposed a truce plan, which is possible. I hope to strengthen the defense of Siping, encourage persistence, defeat the enemy's spirit and gain time. " On April 27th, Lin Biao of the Central Military Commission praised "the defenders in Siping are very brave" and proposed "please consider adding some defenders (such as one or two regiments) to turn Siping Street into Madrid". 1 May, the Central Committee also pointed out: "The Northeast War attracted worldwide attention. Chiang Kai-shek rejected the armistice plan agreed by Marshall, NLD and our party and insisted on fighting Changchun. Therefore, we must persist in fighting in Siping and Benxi, and beat the stubborn troops in the two places to exhaustion, consume their strength and dampen their spirit, so that the troops, weapons and ammunition assembled in half a year will be consumed to the maximum, and it will be too late to replenish them ... At that time, it will be possible to seek peace that is beneficial to me. "

In order to concentrate its forces on the main operational direction of Siping, the Democratic Allied Forces deployed the 7th Column 19 Brigade, the 20th Brigade of the 7th Division and the 2nd Brigade to defend the southeast of Siping Street, and the 2nd Division to defend the north of Siping Street. The 359 brigade went south from Harbin and served as the reserve team in Gongzhuling. The main force of the third column and the third brigade of the security guard were transferred from south to north to participate in Siping operations. In addition to fighting against the attack of the Kuomintang army in Siping, the seventh and eighth brigades of the third column and the independent brigade of the third division detoured from the east and west wings of Siping, went deep into the side of the Kuomintang army, cut off its traffic and threatened its rear.

In order to concentrate more troops to capture Siping, the Kuomintang army took advantage of the northward movement of the third column of the Democratic Allied Forces to attack Benxi again with five divisions in Nanman on April 28th. After six days of heroic fighting, our army withdrew from Benxi on May 3 after destroying a large number of enemies. After the Kuomintang army led Benxi, it transferred the 6 th Army, 52 nd Army 195 Division and 7 1 88 Division of Nanman to Siping, which increased the strength of the Kuomintang army in Siping area to 10 Division.

On June 5438+02, the New Sixth Army and other departments advanced to Kaiyuan, and the third column of the Democratic Allied Forces stopped in Kaiyuan, Yehe Station and Xifeng. In June, 5438+04, the Kuomintang troops attacked Siping in turn under the cover of planes, tanks and a large number of artillery, in an attempt to "suppress the main force of the democratic Coalition forces on the Liaohe River and destroy it". Its deployment is as follows: the right-wing corps is the newly-formed 6th Army 14 Division, the new 22nd Division, the 7th188th Division and the 52nd Army195th Division, attacking the southeast position of Siping Street along the Kaiyuan-Yehe highway; The Central Corps, three divisions of the New 1 Army, attacked from the southwest suburb of Siping Street. The left-wing corps is the 87th division and 9 1 division of the 7 1 army, and cooperates with the Central Corps to attack in the direction of Shuang Shan. The 60th Army182nd Division undertook the task of protecting roads south of Siping. 15 at dawn, the Kuomintang army at the front of Siping *** 10 division, divided into three groups, left, middle and right, launched an all-out attack on Siping. 1 on may 5th, 2008, Sun Liren, the commander of the new 1 army, arrived at the new 1 army headquarters and made an attack plan overnight. Wave group charge is adopted. In front of the Badger Cave position, they attacked 10 times with two regiments all day, all of which were repelled by the democratic coalition forces. Under the tenacious resistance of the democratic coalition forces, the new 1 Army of the Kuomintang Army Central Corps (under the jurisdiction of 195 Division) and the main force of the 7 1 Army of the Left Wing Corps have made no progress after several attacks. Only the 50th Division of the New 1 Army attacked and occupied the 258th Highland with ten times as many troops as the defenders of the Democratic Allied Forces. On the other hand, the four divisions of the New Sixth Army and other departments of the Right Wing Corps have made rapid progress. 16, the new 1 army stormed the southeast 33 1.5 highland of Siping Street. The Democratic Allied Forces resisted tenaciously, repelled seven shocks in a row, and finally fell down because most of the firearms were destroyed.

17 In May, the new 1 Army New 50 Division 150 Regiment first broke through and conquered Wuding Mountain, the commanding height in the southeast of Siping. Lin Biao's command troops fought back continuously, but they could never get it back. The 22nd Division of the New Sixth Army captured Huoshilingzi Station, and then concentrated its forces to launch a surprise attack on the last 1 commanding position on the left side of Siping Street defensive position. The 58th Regiment 1 Battalion of the 7th Column of the Democratic Allied Forces fought bloody battles, and successively repelled 12 charges. Later, due to heavy casualties, it was defended by Ximan 3 rd Division 7 Brigade 19 Regiment. 18 at dawn, Tazi Mountain will fight again. The commanders and fighters of the 19 regiment, which was extended by the Kuomintang army's offensive artillery fire, got up from a pool of blood and fought against the repeated charges of the Kuomintang army with hand-to-hand combat. In the end, due to excessive casualties, the Tazishan position fell that night.

18, the new 1 army 195 division of the Kuomintang Army Right Wing Corps occupied Haval 5, the new 1 army new 38th division 14 regiment broke through the northeast defense line of Siping, and the new 1 army new 30th division 88th regiment broke through the south defense line. At this time, the defense of Siping Democratic Coalition was in a very unfavorable position, and the Kuomintang army wanted to detour to the northeast of Siping in an attempt to close our retreat. Our army suffered more than 8,000 casualties in the defensive operations that lasted for more than 1 month. In order to get rid of passivity, avoid being cut off from retreat and maintain combat effectiveness, the central government decided to retreat from Siping area from the night of 18 to the early morning of 19. Part of the main force arrived at the north bank of Songhua River in early June to rest, and the rest of the troops moved to Dongman and Ximan areas to rest and engage in base construction. Kuomintang troops occupied Siping Street on 19.

Comments: The defending battle of Siping lasted for more than a month, and the Democratic Coalition forces wiped out 1 10,000 Kuomintang troops at the cost of losing more than 8,000 people. This war is a large-scale urban defense battle carried out by the CPC Central Committee in coordination with the national strategy and negotiation struggle. In this battle, our army delayed the enemy's plan to advance northward and played an important role in consolidating the northern Manchu base area. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Our army persisted in Siping for a month, fighting against ten enemy divisions, showing the high tenacity and heroism of the people's army. This struggle is of historical significance. " Later, he pointed out: "Siping defensive war is caused by temporary special conditions and cannot be our general operational policy." The plan of the Kuomintang army to occupy Siping Street on April 2 was forced to be postponed for 47 days. In the review of the attack on Siping Street, the Summary of Important Battle in the First Year of appeasement compiled by the Historical and Political Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense of the Kuomintang government said: "Although Siping won the final decisive battle, it delayed for more than two months, which made the enemy calmly leave the battlefield and failed to completely defeat the enemy's main force, which led to endless troubles in the northeast military suppression of the Communist Party."