What is the future of cloud computing?

As a graduate tutor majoring in computer science, my research direction focuses on the fields of big data and machine learning, so I will answer this question.

At present, some colleges and universities have successively opened cloud computing and data science majors. From the perspective of development trends, cloud computing majors are a good choice. The specific reasons are as follows:

Chapter 1 1: Cloud computing is the representative technology of the third wave of informatization. Today's society is in the third wave of informatization. Cloud computing, the Internet of Things and big data are the three representative technologies of this informatization wave. Cloud computing provides service support, the Internet of Things provides data collection, and big data completes data valueization. In addition, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence are all closely related, and they are also the core technologies of the future industrial Internet. From this perspective, the future development prospects of cloud computing will be very broad.

Second: Cloud computing technology has been put into use. Unlike big data and artificial intelligence smart technologies, cloud computing technology has been widely adopted. A large number of Internet companies and technology companies have completed cloud upgrades, including cloud design, development, deployment and service cloud. The services provided by cloud computing are also gradually transitioning from IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) to PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service).

Third: Integration of cloud computing and edge computing. As 5G and the Internet of Things gradually begin to be implemented, edge computing will become an important development direction, and the combination of cloud computing and edge computing will build an Internet service environment that is more responsive and has a higher level of security.

Fourth: Cloud computing will integrate a large number of industry resources. In the early stages of the development of cloud computing, the services provided were mainly IaaS. At this stage, the main solution was the integration of hardware resources. With the development of PaaS, cloud computing began to integrate more industry resources, thus forming vertical development in multiple fields. PaaS will be integrated into their own products by more technology companies, thereby providing customers with more stable and dynamically scalable services.

The global cloud computing market is surging and many players are vying for hegemony. China’s cloud computing market is flourishing and hundreds of rivals are vying for success.

The world’s cloud computing battlefield has become a competition between China and the United States, and China’s cloud computing industry has also ushered in its period of rapid development!

Cloud computing: one of the troika that empowers the future

Cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence are known as the troika that drives the future and empowers the real economy! Currently, 48 of the Fortune Global 50 companies have publicly announced their cloud deployment plans, and the IT departments of many of them are already using cloud services extensively.

In the 9 years since Adobe transformed into SaaS services, the company’s market value has increased by 10 times; in the 9 years since Salesforce has been listed, the company’s market value has increased by 30 times. Microsoft's revenue in the third fiscal quarter was US$30.6 billion, and cloud computing became the biggest contributor to Microsoft's business revenue growth. Revenue from the intelligent cloud service segment reached US$9.7 billion, an increase of 22%.

Citing a data report from the research organization Canalys: the global cloud computing market exceeded US$80 billion in 2018, reaching US$80.4 billion, a significant year-on-year increase of 46.5%. AWS revenue in 2018 was US$25.4 billion, accounting for With a market share of 31.7%, Microsoft Azure ranked second in the market, with annual revenue reaching US$13.5 billion and a market share of 16.8%. In addition, according to the online version of Forbes, the latest report released by Bain Company shows that the size of the global cloud computing market is expected to rise to US$390 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17%. The global cloud computing market scale accounted for 0.37% of GDP, and the domestic cloud computing market scale accounted for only 0.13% of GDP during the same period!

China has consumer Internet giants that are as powerful as the United States, but they are several times behind in the industrial Internet. As the Internet demographic dividend disappears, the domestic 2C consumer Internet user dividend fades, and the 2B industrial Internet is already on the way. On the way, the troika of cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence will witness the development of the industrial Internet and usher in its own golden development. With the industrial Internet accelerating and technology empowering, my country's cloud computing market worth hundreds of billions is waiting for its cultivators. Cloud Computing: Top Ten Development Trends

Here are the top ten predictions for the development trends of the cloud computing industry in 2019 from cloud computing industry practitioners, analysts and corporate decision-makers. Friends reference.

1. Extensive use of intelligent decision-making has become a symbol of advanced enterprise

Artificial intelligence has stepped out of the "entertainment world" and begun to widely assist human beings in decision-making in enterprise operations.

Enterprises are more urgent than ever to use technologies such as artificial intelligence for business innovation. At the same time, cloud-based intelligent business will also trigger organizational changes in enterprises.

2. Enterprises will move to the cloud as a whole

More large enterprises are gradually giving up their self-built IT infrastructure and migrating to the public cloud as a whole, resulting in the emergence of "cloud-based native enterprises".

The infrastructure of the American video website Netflix has been completely relocated to Amazon AWS. A few companies in China achieved such an overall cloud migration in 2018, and it is expected that in 2019 there will be a large number of such overall cloud migration cases.

The cloudification of production means means the beginning of a new era.

3. The cloud has become the most important way for enterprises to obtain artificial intelligence

The cloud naturally solves the unification of enterprise data and technology, and constitutes the most important way for enterprises to obtain artificial intelligence capabilities.

At present, public cloud platforms have become the most important channel for customers to obtain artificial intelligence services at low cost.

In the commercial field, artificial intelligence technology that has been verified by the cloud service provider's own business is favored by corporate decision-makers.

4. Hardware cloud service providers gradually bid farewell to the public cloud market

In 2018, manufacturers that started with traditional hardware collectively encountered acclimatization in the public cloud era.

IBM's cloud computing share has declined after HP, Cisco, Fujitsu and other companies entered the public cloud market with the help of open source OpenStack technology. Analysts believe that hardware manufacturers have failed in the public cloud market because they have not understood the nature of cloud computing.

The essence of cloud computing is not a "computer" but a service. In addition, this type of enterprise is almost perfectly aligned with the Internet era. As a result, the hardware genes of the above-mentioned manufacturers are so strong and their existing businesses are so successful that they face the "innovator's dilemma."

5. The public cloud market is further concentrated

According to statistics from authoritative market research institutions Gartner and IDC, four vendors including Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Alibaba Cloud, and Google Cloud have become They have become the dominant force in the global public cloud market, and the revenue growth rate of these four vendors far exceeds the industry average growth.

Wall Street investment bank Goldman Sachs predicts that giant manufacturers such as Amazon, Microsoft, and Alibaba will occupy approximately 84% of the core cloud computing market in 2019. These manufacturers are significantly ahead of their industry rivals in talent, technology, operations, services, capital, ecology and other aspects. It is foreseeable that the global cloud computing market concentration will further increase in 2019 and become more significant in the next few years.

6. Enterprises prefer full-stack solutions

In the past year, with the accelerated penetration of intelligent technology in the business field, many enterprises have realized intelligence in some business links. .

However, compared with artificial intelligence technology to improve a certain business or link, more and more CEO groups express their preference for comprehensive solutions. This type of solution can not only digitize the company's business, but also provide a set of proven intelligent tools to help enterprises achieve intelligent decision-making.

In 2019, more comprehensive intelligent solutions will continue to appear and be welcomed by the market.

7. Enterprises embrace cloud computing because of security

In the past, when it came to moving to the cloud, security became an obstacle.

When many companies choose whether to go to the cloud, the most important concern is security. They are not only worried about their own information security, but also worried about the stability of their business systems. However, with the digital transformation of the whole society, the business operations of various enterprises will inevitably be connected to the Internet. The pursuit of business security has become a driving factor for enterprises to actively move to the cloud.

Cloud computing vendors have strong security teams and serve many types of customers, allowing enterprises to obtain powerful security protection capabilities at a low cost, which has changed the previous investment habits of enterprises in security.

8. The penetration rate of cloud computing has further increased

After more than 10 years of development, cloud computing technology has gradually matured, and enterprises' acceptance of cloud computing has also further increased.

Since cloud computing can bring obvious benefits to enterprise IT operations, business innovation, etc., going to the cloud has become the norm for enterprises.

In 2019, the whole society will invest more and more budgets in the field of cloud computing, which will further increase the proportion of cloud computing in overall IT expenditures. Wall Street investment bank Goldman Sachs predicts that the market penetration rate of cloud computing will exceed 10% for the first time in 2019, and that number will jump to 15% by 2021. This means that cloud computing will further erode corporate IT spending and increase its influence in the IT market.

9. M&A activities in the cloud computing industry will become more frequent

In 2018, there were many large-scale M&A transactions in the field of cloud computing. These transactions were in the areas of chips, security, and artificial intelligence. , developer community, cloud solutions and other different fields.

In order to maintain rapid growth, mainstream cloud computing vendors need to launch more high value-added products or services and continue to expand the size of their paying customer base. Mergers or acquisitions can become a means of quick results.

In 2019, technology or customer-oriented acquisitions by cloud computing giants are expected to occur frequently. In addition, some companies may also enter the cloud computing industry across borders through acquisitions.

10. Cloud vendors try to extend to the upstream of the industry

As mainstream cloud computing vendors have stronger market influence in the IT market, they begin to try to extend to the upstream of the industry, trying Getting involved in core links such as chips and servers has impacted the traditional hardware industry chain.

In the past few years, many cloud computing manufacturers have announced development plans for artificial intelligence chips and IoT chips, such as Google’s TPU (Tensor Processor), Alibaba Cloud’s neural network chip Ali-NPU, and Amazon’s AWS develops artificial intelligence chips such as Inferentia. In 2019, it is expected that more dedicated chips or other hardware led by cloud vendors will be on the market. In certain scenarios, these specialized chips will challenge the absolute dominance of traditional chips. Cloud Computing: Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom and Hundreds of Companies Compete

The cloud computing industry will witness more and more traditional enterprises migrating to the cloud. The penetration of cloud computing is gradually penetrating from Internet customers to traditional industries.

Driven by national industrial policies, various national ministries and commissions, provincial governments, vertical industry associations, and large central enterprises are gradually relocating a type of non-sensitive business systems to the public cloud and Private cloud is preferred as the carrier of the entire IT architecture transformation and business upgrade. We have seen that in the past year, almost all provinces in China have launched regional cloud computing construction projects.

Banks, insurance, manufacturing, etc. have all chosen cloud computing as an important support carrier for future strategic transformation and upgrading, changing the past situation of mainly Internet customers. The cloud computing industry is entering a stage of widespread application penetration and interactive promotion of product iterative upgrades and customer expansion. The overall industry is entering a stage where performance is gradually realized.

Whether the cloud computing market is global or domestic, the cloud service market, where a hundred schools of thought are already contending, will usher in a new round of reshuffle.

Including the world's six major cloud computing giants: Amazon AWS, Google, Alibaba Cloud, IBM, Microsoft Azure and Oracle, as well as new players and start-ups in the cloud service market, from global to domestic, in 2019 The cloud services market will not be too quiet.

The term "Matthew Effect" is often used to describe the cloud computing industry. This is closely related to the existing industry genes of cloud computing products, large-scale competition, layout and profitability, and asset-heavy , being first in line means that cloud service providers with more resources who enter the game earlier often have a greater chance of winning. Amazon AWS’s today’s results are the best example.

Of course, this does not mean that new players have no opportunities, but there are undoubtedly higher requirements for new players: the ability to control the cloud computing industry and the ability to expand industry applications. and computing capabilities, the ability to provide one-stop solutions, the ability to meet differentiated needs and customized services, and the need to focus more on the vertical development and extension of the field in order to achieve higher product entry barriers and remain in the field. There is value and competitiveness in the segmented fields, so that new players can occupy a space in the world of cloud services. The cloud computing market will present a situation where multiple oligarchs and vertical field cloud service providers coexist and develop.

Cloud computing will take a step further to become a "cloud ecosystem". It will not only develop in isolation, but will also have more integration, exchange and collision with artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things, 5G and other technologies. , rely on each other and help each other!

I am a member of the China Computer Federation, and I will answer this question.

First of all, we must understand what cloud computing is? Cloud computing provides IT resources on demand over the Internet and adopts a pay-per-use pricing method. You can obtain technical services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, as needed from cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Alibaba Cloud, Huawei Cloud, Tencent Cloud, without the need to purchase, own, and maintain Physical data centers and servers.

Cloud computing is essentially a type of distributed computing, and it still does not break away from the concept and scope of computer networks. For example, in the past, enterprises would build their own computer rooms and deploy various software servers such as ERP, OA, and MES. , with the continuous development of Internet technology, bandwidth is getting larger and larger. Gradually, leading Internet companies have built huge data centers and have professional operation and maintenance teams. If users go to the cloud, they save operation and maintenance costs and can simply set up You can quickly deploy nationwide and global application scenarios. This will be the future development trend of the Internet. For example, Microsoft has been very successful through cloud transformation in recent years, and domestic Alibaba Cloud has also developed rapidly in recent years.

I have personally used the above well-known clouds, each with its own advantages, but the leading technologies are still the foreign AWS and Azure.

The domestic cloud development space is infinite, and more and more enterprises and institutions are moving to the cloud. There are more and more cloud computing practitioners every year, but there are still many at the application level. I hope there will be more service providers and aspiring people in the future. Only by investing energy in basic-level research and development can we catch up with Europe and the United States.

I believe that cloud computing is definitely a very promising field. On Monday local time, the United Nations announced that it will cooperate with Google and will use the search engine giant's cloud computing technology to combat climate change. The United Nations hopes to use Google's advanced technology to monitor human impact on the environment so that more appropriate responses can be implemented in the future.

Google will assist the United Nations in its work by providing its cloud computing technology and the Earth Observation Directory.

According to a press release from the United Nations, Google’s assistance may be invaluable because one of the main obstacles faced by the United Nations environment department when facing real-time environmental issues is the lack of sufficient data. support.

Regarding this cooperation, Rebeca Moore, Google Earth Project Director, said that the company is very pleased to allow all countries to obtain the latest technology and information to support global climate action and sustainable development.

The prospects are very bright.

1. Basic principles of cloud computing. By distributing computation across a large number of distributed computers rather than local computers or remote servers, enterprise data centers will operate more like the Internet. This enables enterprises to switch resources to needed applications and access computers and storage systems on demand. This is like moving from the ancient single generator model to the centralized power supply model of a power plant. It means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity, just like gas, water and electricity, which is easy to access and low-cost. The big difference is that it's transmitted over the Internet. The blueprint of cloud computing is already emerging: in the future, all we need is a laptop or a mobile phone to achieve everything we need through network services, even tasks such as supercomputing. From this perspective, the end user is the real owner of cloud computing. The application of cloud computing includes the idea of ??uniting power and making it available to every member. In its most fundamental sense, cloud computing is the ability to leverage software and data on the Internet.

2. Characteristics of "cloud computing". First of all, cloud computing provides the most reliable and secure data storage center, so users no longer have to worry about data loss, virus intrusion and other troubles. Because on the other side of the "cloud", there is the world's most professional team to help users manage information, and the world's most advanced data center to help users save data. At the same time, strict permission management policies can help users safely share data with the people specified by the user. Secondly, cloud computing has the lowest requirements on user equipment and is the most convenient to use. As long as users have a computer with Internet access and a favorite browser, the only thing they have to do is to type the URL in the browser, and then enjoy the unlimited fun brought by cloud computing. In addition, cloud computing can easily realize the sharing of data and applications between different devices. In the network application model of cloud computing, there is only one copy of the data, which is stored on the other end of the "cloud". All your electronic devices only need to be connected to the Internet to access and use the same data at the same time. Of course, all this is done under strict security management mechanisms. Only people with access rights to the data can use or share this data with others. Finally, cloud computing provides us with almost unlimited possibilities for using the network, almost unlimited space for storing and managing data, and almost unlimited computing power for us to complete various applications.

3. The future prospects of "cloud computing". At present, PC is still the core tool in our daily work and life - we use PC to process documents, store information, and share information with others through email or USB flash drive. If the PC hard drive is broken, we will be helpless because of data loss. In the era of "cloud computing", the "cloud" will do the storage and computing work for us. "Cloud" is a computer group, each group includes hundreds of thousands or even millions of computers. The benefit of the "cloud" is that the computers in it can be updated at any time, ensuring the immortality of the "cloud". By then, we only need a computer with Internet access, and we don’t need to care about which "cloud" the storage or calculation takes place. But once needed, we can quickly calculate it anywhere using any device, such as a computer, a mobile phone, etc. and find this information. We no longer have to worry about data loss. Cloud computing is an emerging approach to sharing infrastructure that connects huge pools of systems together to provide a variety of IT services. Cloud computing + always-On equipment was named "the top ten most influential IT technology combinations in the past 25 years". "Cloud computing" brings such a change - professional network companies build computer storage and computing centers, and users can easily access it through a network cable with the help of a browser, using the "cloud" as data storage and application The center of service.

4. Nowadays, many Internet companies are promoting the migration of services to the cloud, so that the company's business can launch services faster and save a lot of costs. In the future, many services in traditional industries will return to the cloud

What is the future of cloud computing? Many colleges and universities now offer cloud computing and data science majors. From the perspective of development trends, cloud computing majors are a good choice

When it comes to cloud computing, many people may feel that it is far away from us. But cloud computing is with us all the time, if you do Taobao, if you navigate, if you browse the web online. Some people say that I go to the deep mountains and old forests. That should have nothing to do with cloud computing, right? Then you'd better not bring your cell phone, because it will have weather forecast, so that's fine.

Cloud computing, as a provider of large-scale data services, may help most people obtain information and the news they want. However, information providers need a data center to help them store data. This kind of database Some are operated by themselves, and some need to be rented. Today we introduce a kind of exclusive rental server, which is the mainstream of cloud computing in the future.

To give a very simple example, one day you open a company and produce a product. You need to build a website to introduce your company, including the product, of course, and also develop a website. APP, after all, there are too many people on mobile devices now, and it is impossible for everyone to hold a computer all the time. Then data storage requires a server. If you buy this server yourself, it will be a bit expensive, and as a start-up company, you may not be able to afford it. So what should you do? Another way is to rent some server space from large Internet service providers such as Alibaba or Baidu for data storage, then this thing is called IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).

Judging from the initial operation of the Internet, the main IT structure is based on local deployment of servers, storage sources, etc. Its model is mainly data center IDC, which is relatively expensive and will not be used in the future. Maintenance requires specialized people to manage. The current IaaS model solves this problem. The server is maintained by the provider, and the website owner only needs to provide data. With the rapid development of IaaS, new cloud computing data centers are likely to emerge.

Servers in cloud computing are the most expensive part of the entire IaaS. In the next five years, cloud computing, 5G, AI and IoT will become an important driving force for the explosive growth of cloud servers. Since 2013, the revenue and development of my country's server market have shown a rapid growth trend. In the first quarter of this year, the output value reached 6.6 billion US dollars. In the first quarter of 2013, the server cost output value of cloud computing was less than 30 The US$100 million space has more than doubled in five years, and the market development trend is obvious.

With the continuous development of the cloud computing industry and the development of the IaaS model, the supply volume of large server manufacturers will increase significantly. At the same time, as the market continues to expand, domestic production of servers Leading companies will also directly benefit. From the current point of view, Inspur Information, as the largest server manufacturer in China and the third largest in the world, has significantly enhanced its performance growth and currently maintains the third largest scale. However, its year-on-year growth rate has reached 77.5%, ranking among the top three. The fastest growing business among businesses.

Since the birth of the Internet, it has played an unprecedented role, greatly improving the efficiency of various tasks and realizing the interconnection of mankind. Therefore, the development potential of cloud computing based on Internet-related technologies is huge. If You are engaged in this major. I hope you will do a good job in segmenting this field, refine your technology, and tap into your potential.

Globally, hybrid cloud and public cloud have become the main forms of enterprise cloud use. Although most companies are currently using the cloud, most of these companies lack cloud technology and knowledge. Management service providers provide cloud management platforms for cloud-using enterprises to help enterprises with insufficient cloud technology use and manage the cloud more conveniently. Therefore, with enterprises moving to the cloud becoming a mainstream trend, the global cloud management services and public cloud service markets are growing rapidly.

Enterprises embrace multi-cloud, with hybrid cloud and public cloud becoming the main models

According to the "2021 Cloud Computing Market Development Status Report" released by Flexera, 92% of the companies surveyed Among them, the proportion of enterprises adopting a hybrid cloud strategy increased from 58% to 82%. For most enterprises, hybrid cloud and public cloud are the main cloud application methods. Under the enterprise multi-cloud strategy, managed service providers (MSPs) must also make transformations to help enterprises move to the cloud.

The penetration rate of cloud computing is increasing, and the cloud management service industry is growing rapidly

According to Gartner statistics, the penetration rate of the global cloud computing market increased year by year from 2015 to 2020, rising from 4.3% to 13.2% %, and by 2021, the global cloud computing penetration rate will increase to 15.3%. It can be seen that with the rapid development of the world's Internet, more and more enterprises are using cloud technology, and enterprise application of cloud computing has become a general trend.

Due to company technology constraints, there is an obvious trend of IT outsourcing and network outsourcing. As a result, the cloud management services industry has grown rapidly in recent years. According to Gartner statistics, from an investment perspective, enterprises' investment in the cloud management services industry is steadily increasing, gradually increasing from US$18.59 billion in 2016 to US$42.73 billion in 2020, with an annual growth rate maintained at around 20%.

Public cloud applications continue to accelerate, promoting the rapid growth of the public cloud service market

Data from Flexera's "2021 Cloud Computing Market Development Status Report" shows that 36% of the surveyed companies use public cloud services every year. More than $12 million is spent on the cloud, and 55% of enterprise workloads are expected to move to the public cloud within 12 months. 90% of respondents expect cloud usage to exceed plans due to the pandemic.

In recent years, the global public cloud market represented by IaaS, PaaS and SaaS has shown a steady upward trend. According to the latest "Global and China Public Cloud Service Market (2020) Tracking" report released by IDC, the overall global public cloud service market size (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS) reached US$312.4 billion in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 24.1%.

—— For more data, please refer to Qianzhan Industry Research Institute's "China Cloud Computing Industry Development Prospects Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report"

Is the prospect of cloud computing good? There is no doubt that my answer to this question is one word: good!

This question is just like when computers entered China in the late 1980s. When students chose to study computer courses, they kept asking: Is the prospect of learning computers good? Now, this problem is no longer a problem. Computers have penetrated into every aspect of our lives. Without computers (now called the Internet, computers, and functional mobile phones), we will feel that it is difficult to move forward.

In my impression, in the past six or seven years, when I often surfed the Internet, terms such as "Baidu Cloud", "Alibaba Cloud", and "Tencent Cloud" appeared on the Internet. I didn't know what they were for at the time. used. If you know it, you know it, but if you don’t know it, Baidu knows it, so you just browse it on Baidu. The general meaning seems to be a way of computing using the Internet. "Cloud" is the image of the Internet. In other words, in the 1980s and 1990s, what we read in textbooks It is called: mainframe computer, and the current image is called cloud computing.

In my opinion, one of the differences between cloud computing and high-speed computers in the 1980s and 1990s is that cloud computing is based on big data computing and uses intelligent computing to provide services to enterprises and government agencies. In this way, it will increasingly affect the lives of ordinary people. The rise of cloud computing will inevitably have an impact on core components such as computer chips and promote the upgrading of the scientific and technological revolution.

From this point of view, the prospect of cloud computing is broad. Learning the relevant knowledge of cloud computing is very forward-looking in the future society. Whether you are looking for a job or starting your own business, it is a good choice. .