There are five stories about mathematicians and five interesting questions about mathematics. I am in a hurry.

Eight-year-old Gauss discovered mathematical theorems.

The famous German scientist Gauss (1777 ~ 1855) was born in a poor family. Gauss learned to calculate by himself before he could speak. When he was three years old, he watched his father calculate his salary one night and corrected his father's calculation mistakes.

When he grew up, he became the most outstanding astronomer and mathematician of our time. He made some contributions to physics electromagnetism, and now a unit of electromagnetism is named after him. Mathematicians call him "the prince of mathematics".

He entered a rural primary school at the age of eight. The teacher who teaches mathematics is from the city. He feels that teaching a few little lynx in remote places is really overqualified. Moreover, he has some prejudices: children from poor families are born fools, and there is no need to teach these stupid children to study hard. If there is an opportunity, they should be punished to add some fun to this boring life.

This day is a depressing day for the math teacher. The students cringed when they saw the teacher's depressed face, knowing that the teacher was going to arrest these students again today and punish them.

"You calculate for me today, from 1 plus 2 plus 3 to 100. Whoever can't figure it out will be punished for not going home for lunch. " The teacher said this, picked up a novel, sat in a chair and read it without saying a word.

The children in the classroom picked up the slate and began to calculate: "1 plus 2 equals 3, 3 plus 3 equals 6, 6 plus 4 equals10 …" Some children added a number to the slate and then erased the result. After adding it, the number is getting bigger and bigger, which is difficult to calculate. Some children's little faces turned red, and some children's palms and foreheads oozed sweat.

Less than half an hour later, little Gauss picked up the slate and stepped forward. "Teacher, is this the answer?"

Without looking up, the teacher waved his thick hand and said, "Go, go back!"! Wrong. " He thought it impossible to have an answer so soon.

But Gauss stood still and put the slate in front of the teacher: "Teacher! I think this answer is correct. "

The math teacher wanted to shout, but when he saw the number written on the slate: 5050, he was surprised because he calculated it himself and got the number of 5050. How did this 8-year-old child get this value so quickly?

Gauss explained a method he discovered, which was used by the ancient Greeks and China people to calculate the sequence1+2+3+…+n. Gauss's discovery made the teacher feel ashamed, and felt that his previous view of being arrogant and belittling poor children was wrong. He also taught seriously in the future, and often bought some math books from the city for his own study and lent them to Gauss. With his encouragement, Gauss later did some important research in mathematics.

For the prosperity of the Chinese nation-Su's story.

Su Yu 1902 was born in a mountain village in Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province in September. Although the family is poor, his parents scrimp and save, and they have to work hard to pay for his education. When he was in junior high school, he was not interested in mathematics. He thinks mathematics is too simple, and he will understand it as soon as he learns it. It can be measured that a later math class influenced his life.

That was when Su was in the third grade. He was studying in No.60 Middle School in Zhejiang Province. Teacher Yang teaches mathematics. He has just returned from studying in Tokyo. In the first class, Mr. Yang didn't talk about math, but told stories. He said: "In today's world, the law of the jungle, the world powers rely on their ships to build guns and gain benefits, and all want to eat and carve up China. The danger of China's national subjugation and extinction is imminent, so we must revitalize science, develop industry and save the nation. Every student here has a responsibility to' rise and fall in the world'. " He quoted and described the great role of mathematics in the development of modern science and technology. The last sentence of this class is: "In order to save the country and survive, we must revitalize science. Mathematics is the pioneer of science. In order to develop science, we must learn math well. "I don't know how many lessons Sue took in her life, but this lesson will never be forgotten.

Teacher Yang's class deeply touched him and injected new stimulants into his mind. Reading is not only to get rid of personal difficulties, but to save the suffering people in China; Reading is not only to find a way out for individuals, but to seek a new life for the Chinese nation. That night, Sue tossed and turned and stayed up all night. Under the influence of Teacher Yang, Su's interest shifted from literature to mathematics, and since then, she has set the motto "Never forget to save the country when reading, and never forget to save the country when reading". I am fascinated by mathematics. No matter it is the heat of winter or the snowy night in first frost, Sue only knows reading, thinking, solving problems and calculating, and has worked out tens of thousands of math exercises in four years. Now Wenzhou No.1 Middle School (that is, the provincial No.10 Middle School at that time) still treasures a Su's geometry exercise book, which is written with a brush and has fine workmanship. When I graduated from high school, my grades in all subjects were above 90.

/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Su went to Japan to study, and won the first place in Tokyo Technical School, where she studied eagerly. The belief of winning glory for our country drove Su to enter the field of mathematics research earlier. At the same time, he has written more than 30 papers, and made great achievements in differential geometry, and obtained the doctor of science degree in 193 1. Before receiving her doctorate, Su was a lecturer in the Department of Mathematics of Imperial University of Japan. Just as a Japanese university was preparing to hire him as an associate professor with a high salary, Su decided to return to China to teach with his ancestors. After the professor of Zhejiang University returned to Suzhou, his life was very hard. In the face of difficulties, Su's answer is, "Suffering is nothing, I am willing, because I have chosen the right road, which is a patriotic and bright road!" "

This is the patriotism of the older generation of mathematicians.

1. The blind mathematician Euler

Euler's amazing achievements are not accidental. He can work in any harsh environment, often holding his children on his knees to finish his papers, regardless of the noise of older children. At the age of 28, Euler was unfortunately blind in one eye. Thirty years later, his other eye was also blind. He never stopped studying mathematics after he became blind. He continued to work with amazing perseverance and perseverance. During the seventeen years from blindness to his death, he also wrote several books and published about 400 papers orally. It is very difficult to publish the complete works of Euler because there are many works. The Swiss Society of Natural Sciences began to sort out and publish them in 1909, and it has not been completed until now. The plan is 72 volumes.

Among his 886 works, 530 are books and papers published before his death, many of which are textbooks. His works are fluent, simple, easy to understand and fascinating after reading, which greatly amazed readers. It is particularly worth mentioning that the plane triangle textbook he wrote used sinx, cosx, ... and so on, which is still in use today.

Euler entered university of basel in the autumn of 1720. Because of his extraordinary diligence and intelligence, johann bernoulli tasted his sweetness and gave him special guidance. Euler worked hard and became close friends with John's two sons, Nicholas Bo and daniel bernoulli.

Euler wrote a paper on masts at the age of 19, and won an award from the Paris Academy of Sciences, from which he began his creative career. I won many awards in succession. 1725, the Daniel brothers went to Russia and recommended Euler to czar Cadling I, so Euler arrived in Petersburg on 17 in May, and Daniel returned to Basel on 1733. Euler succeeded him as a professor of mathematics at the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg at the age of 26.

1735, Euler solved a difficult problem in astronomy (calculating the orbit of a comet).

It took several famous mathematicians months to solve this problem, but Euler invented it in three days. But overwork made him suffer from eye diseases, and unfortunately he was blind in his right eye. At this time, he was only 28 years old.

2. The story of mathematician Sue

Su Yu 1902 was born in a mountain village in Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province in September. Although the family is poor, his parents scrimp and save, and they have to work hard to pay for his education. When he was in junior high school, he was not interested in mathematics. He thinks mathematics is too simple, and he will understand it as soon as he learns it. It can be measured that a later math class influenced his life.

That was when Su was in the third grade. He was studying in No.60 Middle School in Zhejiang Province. Teacher Yang teaches mathematics. He has just returned from studying in Tokyo. In the first class, Mr. Yang didn't talk about math, but told stories. He said: "In today's world, the law of the jungle, the world powers rely on their ships to build guns and gain benefits, and all want to eat and carve up China. The danger of China's national subjugation and extinction is imminent, so we must revitalize science, develop industry and save the nation. Every student here has a responsibility to' rise and fall in the world'. " He quoted and described the great role of mathematics in the development of modern science and technology. The last sentence of this class is: "In order to save the country and survive, we must revitalize science. Mathematics is the pioneer of science. In order to develop science, we must learn math well. "I don't know how many lessons Sue took in her life, but this lesson will never be forgotten.

Teacher Yang's class deeply touched him and injected new stimulants into his mind. Reading is not only to get rid of personal difficulties, but to save the suffering people in China; Reading is not only to find a way out for individuals, but to seek a new life for the Chinese nation. That night, Sue tossed and turned and stayed up all night. Under the influence of Teacher Yang, Su's interest shifted from literature to mathematics, and since then, she has set the motto "Never forget to save the country when reading, and never forget to save the country when reading". I am fascinated by mathematics. No matter it is the heat of winter or the snowy night in first frost, Sue only knows reading, thinking, solving problems and calculating, and has worked out tens of thousands of math exercises in four years. Now Wenzhou No.1 Middle School (that is, the provincial No.10 Middle School at that time) still treasures a Su's geometry exercise book, which is written with a brush and has fine workmanship. When I graduated from high school, my grades in all subjects were above 90.

/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Su went to Japan to study, and won the first place in Tokyo Technical School, where she studied eagerly. The belief of winning glory for our country drove Su to enter the field of mathematics research earlier. At the same time, he has written more than 30 papers, and made great achievements in differential geometry, and obtained the doctor of science degree in 193 1. Before receiving her doctorate, Su was a lecturer in the Department of Mathematics of Imperial University of Japan. Just as a Japanese university was preparing to hire him as an associate professor with a high salary, Su decided to return to China to teach with his ancestors. After the professor of Zhejiang University returned to Suzhou, his life was very hard. In the face of difficulties, Su's answer is, "Suffering is nothing, I am willing, because I have chosen the right road, which is a patriotic and bright road!" "

This is the patriotism of the older generation of mathematicians.

3. The mathematician's epitaph

Some mathematicians devoted themselves to mathematics before their death, and after their death, they carved symbols representing their life achievements on tombstones.

Archimedes, an ancient Greek scholar, died at the hands of Roman enemy soldiers who attacked Sicily. ), people carved the figure of the ball in the cylinder on his tombstone to commemorate his discovery that the volume and surface area of the ball are two-thirds of that of the circumscribed cylinder. After discovering the regular practice of regular heptagon, German mathematician Gauss gave up the original intention of studying literature, devoted himself to mathematics, and even made many great contributions to mathematics. Even in his will, he suggested building a tombstone with a regular 17 prism as the base.

/kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which was later called Rudolph number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone. Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a pun, which not only describes the spiral nature, but also symbolizes his love for mathematics.

4. Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500) was born in Laiyuan County, Hebei Province during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. He read many books on astronomy and mathematics since childhood, studied hard and practiced hard, and finally made him an outstanding mathematician and astronomer in ancient China.

Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, people used "the diameter of three weeks a week" as pi, which was called "Gubi". Later, it was found that the error of Gubi was too large, and the pi should be "the diameter of a circle is greater than the diameter of three weeks". However, there are different opinions on how much is left. Until the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Hui put forward a scientific method to calculate pi-"secant" which approximated the circumference of a circle with the circumference inscribed by a regular polygon. Liu Hui calculated the circle inscribed with a 96-sided polygon and got π=3. 14, and pointed out that the more sides inscribed with a regular polygon, the more accurate the π value obtained. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, Zu Chongzhi devoted himself to research and repeated calculations. It is found that π is between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, and the approximate value in the form of π fraction is obtained as the reduction rate and density rate, where the six decimal places are 3. 14 1929. There's no way to check now. If he tries to find it according to Liu Hui's secant method, he must work out 16384 polygons inscribed in the circle. How much time and labor it takes! It is obvious that his perseverance and wisdom in academic research are admirable. It has been more than 1000 years since foreign mathematicians obtained the same result in the secrecy rate calculated by Zu Chongzhi. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contribution, some mathematicians abroad suggested that π = be called "ancestral rate".

Zu Chongzhi exhibited famous works at that time and insisted on seeking truth from facts. He compared and analyzed a large number of materials calculated by himself, found serious mistakes in the past calendars, and dared to improve them. At the age of 33, he successfully compiled the Daming Calendar, which opened a new era in calendar history.

Zu Chongzhi and his son Zuxuan (also a famous mathematician in China) solved the calculation of the volume of a sphere with ingenious methods. They adopted a principle at that time: "If the power supply potential is the same, the products should not be different." That is to say, two solids located between two parallel planes are cut by any plane parallel to these two planes. If the areas of two sections are always equal, then the volumes of two solids are equal. This principle is based on the following points. However, it was discovered by Karl Marx more than 1000 years ago. In order to commemorate the great contribution of grandfather and son in discovering this principle, everyone also called this principle "the ancestor principle".

Interesting math problem:

1. There are five girls sitting side by side in the subway car. A sits at exactly the same distance from B and C, D sits at exactly the same distance from A and C, and E sits between her relatives and friends. Who are E's relatives and friends?

Answer: E sits between A and B, and A and B are her relatives and friends.

There are 692 infantry in a fortress. Every four people stand in a horizontal row, walk forward at intervals of 1 meter 1, and walk 86 meters per minute. Now we must cross this 86-meter-long bridge. How many minutes does it take from the first row to the last row?

Answer: 3 minutes.

3. A farmer keeps 9 sheep, 7 pigs and 5 cows. In terms of price, two sheep can be exchanged for a pig, and five sheep can be exchanged for 1 cow. He wants to give these cows, sheep and pigs to his three sons. Not only will no one get the same number of livestock, but their value will be the same. Can you come up with a distribution plan?

Answer: the eldest son points 1 cow, 5 pigs, 1 sheep; The second son is divided into 2 cows, 1 pig and 4 sheep; The third son is divided into 2 cows, 1 pig and 4 sheep.

4. Distance between two cars 1500m. Suppose the front car is driving at a speed of 90km/h and the rear car is chasing at a speed of 144km/h, how far apart are the two cars in one second when they collide?

Answer: Distance15m.

There are two companies, A and B, recruiting managers. The annual salary of a company is 6,543,800 yuan, and the salary is raised once a year, with a salary increase of 20,000 yuan each time; Company B has a salary of 50,000 for half a year, with a salary increase of 5,000 for half a year. Which company pays more?

Answer: Go to Company B to earn more money.