Introduction to Cadastral Surveying and Land Management

Cadastral surveying and mapping is a surveying and mapping work that accurately determines the coordinates of boundary points of land ownership boundaries, accurately draws the position, area, ownership relationship and utilization of land and its attachments on drawings, and records them in special lists. The results of cadastral survey include data sets (coordinates of control points and boundary points, etc.). ), cadastral map and cadastral book. Land management is an administrative, economic, legal and technical comprehensive measure taken by the state to maintain the land system, adjust land relations and rationally organize land use. Generally speaking, the state grants the land management right to the government and its land administrative departments. Therefore, land management is also an organization and management activity carried out by the government and its land administrative departments in accordance with the law, using legal powers, on the process or behavior of social organizations, units and individuals occupying, using and utilizing land. Land management is the land management system, which is the general name of the systems, institutions and means for the state to manage, supervise and regulate the land ownership, cadastre, land use, land market and land taxes and fees in the whole country (or a certain region). The scope of land management includes all land resources and involves all land use units. The main contents are: ① Cadastral management. Including land survey, land registration, land statistics, land grading and cadastral file management. Cadastral management provides basic data and scientific basis for all the work of land management, and is the foundation of the whole land management work. ② Land ownership management. Including the review and confirmation of land ownership or use right, the change of land ownership (land requisition, allocation, transfer, etc.). ), mediation of land ownership disputes, and investigation of illegal acts of land ownership and use rights. Land ownership management is a series of legal, administrative, economic and technical means and measures to implement the basic national policy and rationally organize land use. ③ Land use management. Including the overall land use planning, special land use planning (land development, renovation and protection planning), land use planning (medium-term and annual plans), land use dynamic monitoring and so on. Land use management is mainly to organize land use reasonably and realize macro-control and planned management of land, which is the core content of land management. In the private ownership society, the main purpose of land management is to maintain and consolidate the private ownership of land, safeguard the private rights of big landlords and the freedom to buy, sell and lease land. Land management under the socialist system is mainly to maintain and consolidate the public ownership of land, and to conduct regular supervision and scientific management on the distribution, utilization, protection and transformation of land resources in accordance with the requirements of objective laws, so as to serve the protection and rational utilization of land resources and the development of productive forces. The basic basis and data of land management include: ① land laws and regulations; (two) the map of the current situation of land use in various regions and land units in the country, the investigation and analysis materials of the current situation of land use, the statistical data of land area survey, the maps and descriptions of land quality evaluation; (3) Land ownership certificate. Such as land certificates, land transfer documents, etc. ; (four) the investigation and verification of land disputes and land violations. The task of land management in China is embodied in six aspects: ① Find out the quantity, quality and distribution of land and make a comprehensive evaluation. (two) to formulate and implement the land laws and regulations of the state, the land management regulations of local administrative organs and various land management measures of enterprises and institutions. (3) Determine and protect the land ownership and use right, mainly to determine and protect the land ownership and use right of all land units. Including the land registration of all land use units by the state; Land certification, loan approval and land allocation; Adjust and deal with land ownership disputes and disputes, and stop the phenomenon of indiscriminate occupation; Adjust the boundary of land use units to eliminate the disadvantages of land use, such as scattered land use, flower arrangement and land invasion. ④ Grasp the quantity and quality of land and its dynamic changes. Record the quantity and quality of all kinds of land resources and the use of land by various units systematically with figures and charts, including compiling land statistical maps and annual land reports, establishing land registration books and field files, etc. ⑤ Regularly supervise the use, protection and transformation of land. Including land planning for regional and agricultural enterprises, reviewing and approving land planning schemes, and ensuring the rational use of land resources; To examine and approve the development of land resources and the construction of various capital construction projects (such as land reclamation, logging, large-scale water conservancy projects, urban expansion, traffic trunk line construction, industrial and mining enterprises, etc.) to prevent adverse effects on local climate, soil and water conservation, environmental sanitation, natural environment and aquatic resources. At the same time, conduct regular supervision and inspection on the land use of agricultural enterprises (such as soil fertility, land productivity, farming system, intensive land use, soil and water conservation, land protection and utilization, etc.). ), sum up experience in time, find problems and put forward opinions. ⑥ Establish and improve the land management system and corresponding management institutions.