Study on pavement structure design and disease prevention of municipal roads?

As a part of the whole municipal road engineering design, the structural design of municipal road pavement directly bears the load of pedestrians and vehicles. If the pavement structure of municipal roads is damaged, it will seriously affect the travel safety of pedestrians and vehicles. Therefore, it is very important to do well the structural design of municipal road pavement. For the pavement design of municipal roads, it is necessary to ensure high-quality driving conditions and high-quality service levels for pedestrians and vehicles under the premise of safety and stability. Moreover, in the pavement structure design of municipal roads, it is also necessary to prevent diseases and prolong the service life of roads. This also requires a reasonable structural design for the pavement of municipal roads. The pavement structure design and disease prevention of specific municipal roads are discussed below.

1 analysis of pavement structure design of municipal roads

1. 1 structural layer material design

The choice of pavement structural layer materials of municipal roads should be based on local actual conditions. Generally, asphalt concrete and asphalt macadam are used as pavement structural layers of municipal roads, but with the development of economy, some new asphalt mixture materials, such as porous asphalt concrete, have been widely used in the design of pavement structural layers of municipal roads [1]. Generally, the choice of pavement structural layer materials should consider traffic factors, and the road pavement needs to bear great traffic pressure. Therefore, we should choose some materials with good compressive properties. However, if asphalt and concrete are simply used in asphalt pavement, the compression effect is not the best. In today's pavement structural layer materials of municipal roads, adding some mica board and anti-rutting agent to asphalt can enhance the compressive effect of pavement.

1.2 structural layer combination design

The pavement of municipal roads is generally three layers, which are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. The upper layer, namely the surface layer, is the most stressful layer, and some cracks also start from the surface layer. The middle and lower layers mainly play an important role in the water stability and crack resistance of pavement, so the surface, middle and lower layers must be well matched. The hydrological changes in a city are generally not big, and the geological changes are not big. The pavement structure combination can be designed according to the situation of urban main roads and branches, and the pavement structure layer combination of main roads must achieve the best compressive effect [2]. Because the main road carries a lot of traffic, it is necessary to do a good job in the compression of each layer. On the branch roads of the city, because the traffic volume of vehicles is less than that of the main roads, it is necessary to do a good job of surface compression, and it is enough for the middle and lower floors to meet the relevant national standards in compression. It can be seen that the combination design of municipal road pavement structure layer mainly needs to consider the bearing capacity of traffic and the bearing effect of materials.

1.3 structural layer thickness design

For the thickness design of municipal road pavement structure layer, load stress analysis is needed. The results of stress analysis determine the design of structural layer thickness. Generally, three-dimensional finite element analysis method is used to calculate and analyze the stress, and the calculation results are drawn into nomogram. Designers can directly check the map to get the required thickness of pavement structure layer. In addition, after obtaining the numerical value, it is necessary to accurately calculate the thickness of the structural layer. Because some road designs only pay attention to the results on the drawings and ignore the calculation of the structural thickness, the thickness of the pavement structure is too thick or too thin, resulting in a waste of funds and potential safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate the thickness of the structural layer.

2 municipal road pavement disease prevention and control analysis

2. 1 Disease prevention in pavement structure design

2. 1. 1 disease prevention in the design of pavement structure layer materials

In the design of pavement structural layer materials, the quality and compression resistance of materials are mainly considered in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In the procurement of road pavement structural layer materials, procurement personnel need to strictly control the quality, and prohibit unqualified materials from entering the municipal road pavement construction site to prevent the service life of road pavement from being affected by material quality problems in future use; In addition, for the selection of materials, compressive strength should be considered. If the compressive strength of the material is not good, it will also affect the future use of roads and pavements. In the selection of materials, we must choose materials with high compressive strength.

2. 1.2 combined disease prevention of pavement structure layer

In the design of road pavement structure layer combination, the disease prevention of structure layer combination should be fully considered. In the structural layer combination, due to the different functions of the upper, middle and lower layers, the surface layer is mainly compressive, and the middle and lower layers are mainly waterproof. Therefore, in the combination design of structural layers, it is necessary to do a good job in the compression resistance of the surface layer and the waterproofing of the middle and lower layers. Mainly do a good job in the combination of materials, the surface layer chooses materials with strong compression resistance, and the middle and lower layers choose materials with good waterproof performance. So as to do a good job in disease prevention and control of road pavement structure layer combination.

2. 1.3 The thickness design of road pavement structure layer should do well in disease prevention.

In the design of road pavement structure layer, diseases should also be prevented. If the thickness of the structural layer of the road pavement is too thin, the compressive strength is bound to be weak, and the road pavement is prone to collapse during use. Therefore, when designing the thickness of road pavement structure layer, it needs to be calculated scientifically and strictly implemented in accordance with relevant regulations to prevent the thickness of structure layer from reaching the standard and affecting the service life of road pavement.

2.2 disease prevention and control in the process of road pavement use

2.2. 1 joint filling

After the road is used for a period of time, cracks will appear on the road surface, which are mainly caused by the change of temperature and excessive load. The cracks need to be maintained, mainly by pouring cracks [3]. Because cracks easily allow water in the pavement to penetrate into the pavement structure layer, it is easy to corrode asphalt, subgrade and other materials. Therefore, the sooner the pavement joint filling work is carried out, the better. The usual method of joint filling is to take the method of hot patching, remove all the asphalt mixture in the cracks, then fill the joints with hot asphalt mixture, and then compact.

2.2.2 Pavement crack filling and sealing

On the pavement of municipal roads, cracks in the ground will seriously affect the beauty of road capacity and the comfort of pedestrians and vehicles. Surface water is easy to corrode the foundation through cracks, which has serious security risks and shortens the service life of municipal roads [4]. Therefore, when tiny cracks appear, it is necessary to seal the cracks, and some asphalt binders can be used as the main sealing materials. The best time to fill the pavement cracks every year is from April to June, mainly because the temperature is suitable at this time, so the sealing material will not be subjected to excessive tensile stress and excessive compressive stress.

2.2.3 Repair local defects of pavement.

On the pavement of municipal roads, due to design problems or construction technical problems, serious diseases have appeared on the pavement, such as fillers, looseness, pits and grooves, mesh cracks, frost boiling and so on, which need to be treated. If it is not handled in time, it will easily lead to serious damage to the road surface. The commonly used repair materials for the above diseases are generally hot-mix asphalt mixture and cold-mix asphalt mixture. When using hot-mix asphalt mixture to repair pavement, the construction conditions are generally high, and the construction technology has a great influence on the repair effect of pavement. When cold-mixed materials are used to repair pavement diseases, there are generally few requirements for construction technology, and the construction technology has little effect on the repaired effect, but the service life of pavement is short when cold-mixed materials are used to repair pavement diseases.

3 Conclusion

Through the discussion of municipal road pavement structure and disease prevention, it is learned that in the design of municipal road pavement structure, the material, combination and thickness of pavement structural layer must be fully considered. Only by doing enough work in these three aspects can the pavement design of municipal roads be completed. In addition, the prevention and treatment of pavement diseases needs to be detailed. According to the different problems of road pavement, effective methods are adopted to protect the road, and professional protection is carried out for road cracks, asphalt aging and other problems. Only in the structural design and disease prevention of municipal roads can we do a good job in the construction of municipal roads, prolong the service life of roads, save state funds and better promote the pace of urbanization.

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