What countries are there in western Europe?

Classification: education/science >> further studies >> taking the postgraduate entrance examination.

Analysis:

Swiss confederation.

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: The country name comes from the name of Schwier. "Schwiertz" means "burning" in old German. Today, Schwier was once a forest, and people began to live after burning.

Nickname: Watch Kingdom.

National anthem: Swiss poetry.

National flower: Leontopodium alpinum.

Area: 4 1293 km2. Population: 6.936 million (1992).

Ethnic composition: Germanic Swiss account for more than 80% of the total population, while others are French and Italian.

Religion: The residents mainly believe in Catholicism and Protestantism.

Language: German, French, Italian and Latin are all official languages.

Capital: Bern. Major cities: Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Lausanne.

Currency: Swiss franc.

History:

In the 3rd century AD, aleman and Burgundy of Germanic nationalities moved in. 1 1 century was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire. 129 1 year, Schwier and other states opposed foreign rule and formed an alliance, which became the beginning of Swiss confederation. 1648 broke away from the rule of the holy Roman empire and declared independence. The first constitution was promulgated in 18 15, and each state has its own independent * * *, which was confirmed as a permanent neutral country by the Vienna Conference. 1848 established a federal state. We remained neutral in both world wars.

Geography:

Mountainous landlocked countries in Central and Western Europe. The central and southern Alps account for about 3/5 of the country, with an altitude of 3000 ~ 4000 meters; The northwest is the Jura Mountains; The central part is the plateau. There are more than 20 peaks above 4000 meters above sea level in China, and the highest peak is dufour Peak at 4634 meters above sea level. The mountains are covered with snow all year round and there are many glaciers. There are many rivers and lakes, such as the Rhine River and the Rhone River, with fast-flowing water and abundant water resources. Lakes include Lake Le Mans (Lake Geneva), Lake Boden and Lake Zurich. It is a mountainous climate with cold mountains and mild valleys.

Economy:

Agricultural output value accounts for about 4% of GDP, and agricultural employment accounts for about 6.6% of total employment in China. For a long time, Switzerland attached great importance to the development of agricultural production.

Industry is the main body of Swiss national economy, and its industrial output value accounts for about 50% of GDP. Switzerland's main industrial sectors include: watches, machinery, chemistry, food and other departments. Switzerland is called "the kingdom of clocks and watches". Since 1587, Geneva has been producing watches for more than 400 years, and has always maintained a leading position in the world watch industry. In recent years, the export volume of Swiss watches and clocks has greatly increased. Machinery manufacturing mainly produces textile machinery and power generation equipment. Machine tools, precision instruments, meters, transportation machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery and printing machinery are also very important. In recent years, the production of typewriters, computers, cameras and movie cameras has developed very rapidly.

Customs:

Attractions: Le Mans Lake, Ancient City of Bern, Lake Lucerne and Glacier Park.

Festival: National Day: August1; Geneva Landing Festival: 65438+February 1 1.

French Republic (French Republic)

Overview:

National anthem: La Marseillaise.

National flowers: iris and rose.

Area: 550,000 square kilometers.

Population: about 60.9 million.

Religion: Most residents believe in Catholicism, while a few believe in Christianity, Orthodox Christianity and Judaism.

Language: French is the official language.

Capital: Paris.

Major cities: Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Bordeaux, Campel.

Currency: French franc.

History:

Around the 7th century BC, Gauls settled in the world. BC 1 century was occupied by the Romans and ruled for more than five centuries. In the 5th century, the Franks conquered Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom. From 768 to 8 14, when Charlemagne ruled Caroline, its territory expanded to most parts of western Europe today. In 843 AD, Charles Empire was divided into three kingdoms, of which the West Frankish Kingdom was equivalent to the scope of France today. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, it was renamed the Kingdom of France, forming a centralized country. The Hundred Years' War between Britain and France broke out in 1337. /kloc-In the late 7th century, France ruled Europe under Louis XIV. 1789, 14 In July, the bourgeois revolution broke out, the monarchy was abolished, and 1792 the First Republic of France was established.

Geography:

Western European countries. The area is 55 1062 square kilometers. The south and west are adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, with a coastline of more than 3,000 kilometers. The terrain is dominated by plains and hills. There are Pyrenees, Central Plateau, Alps, Juro Mountain and Vosges Mountain in the south and east. Mont Blanc, the main peak of the Alps, is located on the border between France and Italy, with an altitude of 4807 meters. There are Parisian basin, Lower Loire Plain, Amauri hills and aquitaine basin in the west. The important rivers are Loire, Seine, Rhone and Garonne. Among them, the Thorne-Rhone Valley is a natural traffic corridor extending from north to south.

Economy:

One of the developed countries in the world. Minerals such as iron, potassium salt, medium and bauxite are more important. Nuclear energy, automobiles, arms, cosmetics and service industries rank among the top in the world. Agriculture is dominated by animal husbandry, combined with farming and animal husbandry and diversified management, making it the second largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. The output of wheat, corn, wine, beet, horse's bell, meat, milk, vegetables and fruits ranks in the forefront of the world or western Europe, and the tourism industry is developed.

Customs:

Being polite to women is a tradition that the French are proud of. It is recognized that people express their feelings by kissing. Relatives and colleagues reunited after a long separation stick their faces or cheeks, elders kiss their foreheads, and lovers kiss.

Attractions: Versailles Palace, Louvre, Notre Dame de Paris, Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel Tower, Pompidou Cultural Center, Loire Valley Castle Group, Marseille Port.

Festival: National Day is July 14.

Federal Republic of Germany.

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: "Germany" means "people's country" in German.

National anthem: the song of Germany.

National flower: cornflower. National Tree: Aichi Oak. National bird: white stork.

Area: 356,545 square kilometers. Population: 80.553 million (1992).

Ethnic composition: Germans account for more than 90% of the total population, and there are a few Danes, Dutch, Jews, Gypsies, etc.

Religion: Most residents believe in Christianity and Catholicism, and a few believe in Christianity and Judaism.

Language: German is the official language.

Capital: Berlin (Bonn is the seat of * * *).

Major cities: Hamburg, Munich, Bonn, Frankfurt.

Currency: Deutsche Mark.

History:

In 10 century BC, Teutonic people, a branch of Germanic people, lived in the territory. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0 th century, the early feudal state of Germany was formed, and then the holy Roman Empire of the German nation was established. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/3rd century, the central government declined and feudal signs appeared. 1848 bourgeois revolution broke out. 187 1 year, Prussia won the Franco-Prussian War, established the German Empire and achieved German reunification. 194 1 launched World War I, 19 18 Empire collapsed. Weimar Republic was founded in 19 19. 1933 Hitler came to power, 1939 launched the second world war, 1945 was defeated. Congress was occupied by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union, and formed the Allied Control Committee to take over the supreme power of Germany. 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was established in the areas occupied by the United States, Britain and France, and the German Democratic Republic was established in the areas occupied by the Soviet Union. 1990101October 3, German reunification.

Geography:

Central European countries. It borders the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in the north, with a long coastline of 1333 km. The whole terrain is high in the south and low in the north. The Bavarian Plateau and Alps are in the south, and Zugspitz on the German-Austrian border is 2963 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. The central part is the Sino-German Plateau, which consists of mountains, plateaus, basins and valley plains. North german plain is in the north, and there are many sand dunes, beaches, swamps and lakes in the coastal lowlands. The important rivers are Rhine, West, Elbe, Ames and Danube. The canal connects the rivers, interweaving like a net, and the shipping is busy. Lakes include Boden Lake and Jinhu Lake. It has a temperate climate, with a temperate maritime climate in the northwest and a temperate continental climate in the east and south. 10, the average temperature in October is 65438+-5~0℃, in July 14~ 19℃, and the annual precipitation is 500 ~1000 mm.

Economy:

Highly developed industrial countries are second only to the United States and Japan in economic strength. Coal and potassium salts are abundant. The forest coverage rate is 30%. Industrial categories are complete, with heavy industry dominating. The main industrial sectors are machinery, chemicals, electronics, electrical appliances, automobiles, coal mines, steel, petroleum processing, shipbuilding, instrumentation and so on. Products are well-known in the world market, and light industries such as food, textile and printing are also relatively developed. The industrial layout is relatively balanced, and Ruhr is the largest industrial zone. Agricultural mechanization is high, and animal husbandry accounts for about 2/3 of the total agricultural output value. The main agricultural products are milk, meat and livestock products, as well as grains, potatoes and beets. The foreign trade volume ranks in the forefront of the industrial world. Tourism is developed.

Customs:

German carnival is characterized by long time and rich content. Every year, it starts from165438+1October1and lasts for two or three months, during which there will be many times * * *. On the last Sunday before the end, women in some areas want to take power symbolically, which is called Women's Day. Finally, the carnival ended with makeup.

Places of interest: Brandenburg Gate, the site of the Berlin Wall, Cologne Cathedral, the ancient city of Nuremberg, the Segurinho Palace, baden-baden, the "Summer Capital of Europe", Beethoven Memorial Hall and Boden Lake.

Festival: National Day: 65438+10.3;

Oktoberfest in Munich: from the last week of September to the first week of 10 every year.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: "Netherlands" (meaning "land of forests") is a province name of the Netherlands. Because of its dominant position in China, many European countries call the Netherlands. "Holland" means "lowland".

Nicknames: the country of lowlands, the country of windmills and the country of flowers.

National anthem: William van Nasser with Dutch blood in his veins.

National flower: tulip. National bird: spoonbill.

Area: 4 1548 km2. Population: 15239000( 1993)

Ethnic composition: Dutch account for 90% of the total population, Fries.

Religion: Most residents believe in Catholicism or Protestantism.

Language: Dutch is the official language.

Capital: Amsterdam. Major cities: Rotterdam and The Hague.

Currency: Netherlands guilder.

History:

/kloc-Before the 6th century, it was in a feudal regime for a long time. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, it was ruled by Spain. 1579, seven northern provinces established the Republic of the Netherlands. /kloc-became a maritime colonial power in the 0/7th century. /kloc-French invasion at the end of 0/8. /kloc-In the early 9th century, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was established under the rule of France. 18 15 established the United Kingdom with Belgium (Belgium became independent in 1830). It was occupied by Germany in World War II and regained its independence after the war. It is a hereditary constitutional monarchy.

Geography:

It is located in the west of Europe, bordering the North Sea in the west and north, with a coastline of 1075 km. The whole territory is mainly plain, with low terrain, about half of the area is below sea level, and 1 3 of the land is only1m above sea level. The terrain in the southeast is relatively high, with the highest elevation of only 32 1 m. Through the rare land reclamation project in the world, the land area has increased by 600 thousand hectares, and the water network is dense. The main rivers are artificial rivers such as Rhine River, Mas River and Beihai Canal. It has a mild maritime climate. 10, the average temperature in October is 65438 2℃, the average temperature in July is 65438 07℃, and the annual precipitation is about 700 mm.

Economy:

The Netherlands is one of the most developed countries in the world today. The output of dairy products ranks first in the world, and the output and export of agricultural products ranks third in the world, second only to the United States and France. 70% of the world flower market is monopolized by the Netherlands. Among the top 500 companies in the world, four Dutch companies rank in the top 50: Philips, Shell Oil, Unilever and ING International Bank. Rotterdam port is the largest port in the world, and its annual import and export volume ranks first in the world.

Customs:

The Dutch love flowers. From April to May every year, flower farmers hold floats, and the scene is very happy. Using windmills to drain water and engage in production activities is an invention of the Dutch people, and windmill day is celebrated every year.

Attractions: Alsmer Flower Market, Gokenhof Park, Rotterdam Port, Maduradan "Model City" and Royal Palace.

Festival: National Day: April 30th; Liberation Day: May 5; Tulip Festival: Wednesday closest to 15 in May; Windmill day: the second Saturday in May; National Food Festival: 65438+10.3.

* * * and the Republic of Austria.

Overview:

Interpretation of country name: The country name means "Kingdom of the East" in German, because Charlemagne is located in the east of the empire.

National anthem: Austrian national anthem.

National flower: white snowflake. National bird: Swallow.

Area: 83,853 square kilometers. Population: 7.909 million (1992).

Ethnic composition: Germanic Austrians account for more than 96%, and there are Slovenes, Croats, magyars, Hungarians and other ethnic minorities.

Religion: Most people believe in Catholicism.

Language: German is the official language.

Capital: Vienna.

Major cities: Graz, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck,

Currency: Austrian schilling.

History:

The principality was formed in the middle of 12 century. From 1278, it was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty, and from 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was formed. The empire disintegrated in 19 18, and Austria was established the following year. 1938 was annexed by fascist Germany. After World War II, it was successively occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. 1945 temporary * * *, issued a declaration of independence. 1955, the four countries ended their occupation and Austria declared "permanent neutrality".

Geography:

Central European landlocked countries. The eastern Alps cross the whole territory from west to east, and the mountainous area accounts for 70%. The highest peak, Great Glockner Mountain, is 3797 meters above sea level. The Viennese basin in the northeast and the plain in the southeast are economically developed and densely populated areas in China. The Danube runs through the north, and its main tributaries are the Mur River and the Salchah River. Larger lakes include Boden Lake and so on. It is a temperate climate with a transition from maritime to continental, with an average temperature of 1 -2 degrees Celsius and 19 degrees Celsius in July.

Economy:

Developed industrial countries. Important minerals such as graphite and magnesium are rich in water resources, and forests account for 46% of the land area. The main industries are steel, machinery, mining, petrochemical, paper making and so on. Agriculture is dominated by animal husbandry, and its products are self-sufficient, mainly raising cows and pigs. Growers produce wheat, corn, potatoes, beets, grapes and so on. Tourism is developed.

Customs:

The birthplace of Christmas carol "Silent Night" which is deeply loved by local people. Every year, on the birth day of the Virgin Mary (15 August), people will wear costumes and hold ears of rice to pray to God.

Places of interest: Salzburg, Music and Art Center, Schon Bruen Palace in Vienna, Vienna Forest and the ancient city of Graz.

Festival: National Day: 65438+1October 26th;

Vienna Cultural Festival: Every May, the festival lasts for more than half a month.

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Overview:

Explanation of country name: In the 10th century, a.d./kloc-0, a.d., Luzelburg (meaning "small castle" in old German) was built on the banks of the Tehe River in Harthee, and was later misrepresented as "Luxemburg", and the country name was derived from the name of the city.

Nickname: Land of Red Clay, Kingdom of Steel.

National anthem: Our motherland.

National flower: rose. National bird: Dai Juying.

Area: 2586 square kilometers. Population: 395,000 (1993).

Ethnic composition: Luxemburg people account for more than two-thirds of the total population, and the rest are foreigners.

Religion: 97% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Language: French is the official language, and German and Luxemburg are also spoken.

Capital: Luxembourg. Major cities: clervaux, Esch-sur-Harze.

Currency: Luxembourg franc.

History:

Gauls lived in 50 BC. After the 5th century, it was a part of the Frankish Kingdom and Charlemagne Empire. From 10 to14th century, it was the count and principality of the holy Roman Empire. From 15 to 18 century, it was ruled by Spain, France, Austria and the Netherlands. 18 15 is a grand duchy. 1839 became an independent country. 1867 is recognized as a neutral country. Both world wars were occupied by Germany, 1945 restored independence. 1948 abandoned the policy of neutrality.

Geography:

Landlocked countries in western Europe. The whole terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The northern part is the Ardennes Plateau with an altitude of 400-500m, and the southern part is a hilly area with an altitude of 300-400m m.. The main river, the Alzet River, runs through the north and south. The climate belongs to the transition type from temperate maritime to continental, with the average temperature of 65,438 0.3℃ in 10 and 65,438 0.9℃ in July, and the annual precipitation of 800 mm. ..

Economy:

Among the European Economic Community and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Luxembourg is a member with the smallest land area and the least population, but its economy is highly developed, enjoying the reputation of "Little Switzerland", "Kingdom of Steel" and "Kingdom of Finance" in the world, with a per capita GNP of 24,980 US dollars and a per capita income ranking fourth in the European Economic Community.

Foreign trade occupies a very important position in the national economy, mainly exporting steel, and importing mostly industrial raw materials and consumer goods. The main trading partners are European cars, mainly Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Now, Luxembourg's chemical industry, machine building, paper making, printing and food industry are also very important industrial sectors. Its chemical industry is a new industrial sector, and its main products are rubber, plastic, synthetic fiber, medicine, fertilizer and so on. Luxembourg's agricultural population accounts for 4% of the national population. Agriculture is dominated by animal husbandry, and the output value of animal husbandry accounts for 83.7% of the total agricultural output value, followed by planting.

Customs:

Attractions: ancient city of Luxembourg.

Festival: National Day: June 23rd.

Principality of Monaco.

Overview:

National Day: 165438+ 10/0/9.

Capital: Monaco

National flower: carnation

Language: French is the official language.

Currency: French franc

Politics: Constitutional monarchy, with the prince as the head of state.

Specialty: leather products, gold and silver jewelry products, copper products, pottery, woven goods.

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 5: 4. The flag surface consists of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles: red on the top and white on the bottom. Red and white colors come from the color of the Prince's Flag, the head of state of the Principality, and are also the traditional colors of the country. The prince's flag is white, with the prince's badge painted in the middle. The shield pattern on the badge consists of red and white.

National emblem: the emblem of a prince. This is a cloak. There is a crown on the cloak, and the shield in the cloak is red and white, with white characters on a white background and a red diamond pattern of 15 on it. On each side of the shield, there is a Monegasque monk with a long sword. The shield is decorated with ribbons, and a medal of St. Charles hangs below it. The ribbons on both sides of the medal say "God helps me govern the country".

Population: 34,000 (July 2000), of which 58% are French, 65,438+07% are Italian, 65,438+09% are Monegasque and 6% are of other nationalities. The official languages are French, Italian and English. 96% people believe in Roman Catholicism.

History:

The early Phoenicians built castles here. In the Middle Ages, it became a town under the protection of Genoa. From 65438 to 0297, it was ruled by grimaldi family. 1338 became an independent principality. 1525, protected by Spain. 164 1 14 In September, Monaco signed a treaty with France to drive away the Spaniards. 1793, Morocco merged into France and formed an alliance with France. 1860 is once again protected by France. 186 1 year, the two major cities of Mantona and Rockbrun were separated from Monaco, reducing their territorial area from 20 square kilometers to the existing area. 19 1 1 promulgated the constitution and became a constitutional monarchy. 19/kloc-The treaty signed with France in 0/9 stipulated that once the head of state died and there were no male descendants, Monaco would be merged into France.

Geography:

Monaco is located in the southwest of Europe, surrounded by France on three sides and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. The land with a total area of 1.95 square kilometers is long and narrow, close to the coastline, about 3.5 kilometers long from east to west, and less than 200 meters at the narrowest point from north to south. The territory is mountainous, and the highest point is 573 meters above sea level.

Climate:

Summer is dry and hot, with plenty of sunshine, and the average temperature is around 24℃. Winter is neither cold nor wet, and the average temperature is around 10℃. It belongs to the Mediterranean subtropical climate.

Politics:

According to the Constitution of June 65438 +0962+February 65438, Monaco is a constitutional monarchy with a prince as the head of state. Legislative power is exercised by the prince and the National Assembly, which is unicameral and called the National Assembly.

Diplomacy:

Monaco has always advocated maintaining world peace and security and attached importance to regional cooperation. It is an associated country of European economy. According to the Treaty on Relations between France and Morocco 19 18, Morocco must reach an agreement with France in advance before taking diplomatic measures. 1993 was accepted as the183rd Member of the United Nations on May 28th.

Kingdom of Belgium.

Overview:

Area: 33,990 square kilometers

Population: 65,438+00,356,000 (2003), including 5,996,000 Flemish, 3,368,000 French Walloon (including 76,5438+0,000 German-speaking) and 992,000 French Brussels Capital Region. The official languages are French and Flemish. 80% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

Capital: Brussels, population 992,000 (2003).

Head of State: King Albert II, 65438+1August 9, 993.

Currency name: Euro

? Exchange rate: 1 USD = 0.92 Euro (February 2003)

Important Festival: National Day: July 2 1.

King's Day: 165438+ 10/0/5.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

(UK) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Overview:

Interpretation of the country name: "Britain" means "colorful" in Celtic. Because some English people moved to France, they called the mainland Great Britain.

National anthem: God bless the Queen.

National flower: rose.

Area: 244 100 km2. Population: 58.09 million.

Ethnic composition: English (80%), Scottish, Welsh and Irish.

Religion: Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism.

Language: English is the official language.

Capital: London.

Major cities: Liverpool, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester.

Currency: GBP.

History:

According to archaeological discoveries, people lived on the island of Great Britain 3500 years ago. In the mid-5th century, a large number of Germans invaded Great Britain from Northern Europe and became the ancestors of the present-day English people. At that time, some Celts fled to the western and northern mountains, while others fled to Ireland. They are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scots and Irish today. Christianity began to spread to Great Britain in the 6th century. /kloc-In the mid-5th century, British aristocrats fought a "Rose" civil war for the throne for 30 years. As a result, the economically developed southern landlords and new noble won. The "Tudor Dynasty" was thus established. During World War I, Britain and Germany became belligerents. Due to the anti-German sentiment of the British people, King George V of England ordered that the Hanover Palace with German color be renamed as the Windsor Dynasty in 19 19.

In the middle of the eighteenth century, due to the gradual maturity of politics, economy and technology, an industrial revolution arose in Britain. With the invention of the steam engine and the use of various machines, Britain had become the most advanced industrial country in the world by the Victorian era in the middle of19th century. In terms of production and trade, it ranks first in the world, pursuing gunboat policy everywhere, seizing maritime hegemony, occupying colonies and plundering the wealth of other countries. The British Empire dominates the world, and its overseas rule covers Europe, Asia, the United States, Africa and Australia. Known as "not falling empire."

By the end of19th century, due to the rise of the United States, Germany and other countries, Britain gradually lost its advantage. Later, it was severely traumatized in the Second World War, and the national strength of the British Empire gradually declined. Originally an Irish island, 26 counties in the south left Britain at 192 1, and overseas colonies also declared their independence after World War II. The British Empire gradually evolved into a loosely organized Commonwealth.

Geography:

Britain is an island country, facing the European continent across the North Sea, the Dover Strait and the English Channel. The whole territory consists of most of the islands of the British Isles near the northwest coast of the European continent. The total length of coastline is 1. 1 10,000 km. Great Britain in the east is the largest island in the archipelago and the most important land in Britain. It consists of Scotland in the north, England in the south and middle, and Wales in the southwest.

Economy:

Economically developed countries. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, industry once occupied the first place in the world, and now its gross domestic product ranks in the forefront of western countries. Traditional industrial sectors, such as cotton spinning, coal, shipbuilding, metallurgy, machinery and so on. They are getting more and more backward and need to be updated and transformed. Emerging industries such as aviation, electronics and chemical industry are more advanced. Submarine oil exploitation, information engineering, satellite communication and microelectronics technology have developed rapidly.

The agricultural output value only accounts for 1.5% of GDP, and the production level is extremely high. The main agricultural products are wheat, barley, potatoes, beets, flax and so on. Animal husbandry and fishery are also very developed. Britain is a member of the Western European Common Market, and its main foreign trade targets are the countries of the Western European Common Market, members of the Commonwealth and the United States. It mainly imports industrial raw materials, food, minerals and fuel, and is one of the largest importers of industrial raw materials and food in the world. Mainly export machinery and transportation equipment, chemical products, etc. China's railway 16588 km, highway more than 360,000 km. The gross tonnage of merchant ships is13.6 million tons.

Customs:

British people are generally deeply influenced by Puritanism, showing simple and solid life characteristics. However, their conservative personality and respect for tradition are manifested in the preservation of the royal family, class system and other social aspects. The social security system in Britain developed quite early and is now very developed.

Festival: Thursday in the second week of June, National Day.

May 24th, Federal Day.