Where is Wen County, Hainan?

According to "Historical Records·Xia Benji", during the Taikang period of the Xia Dynasty, Taikang was indifferent to civil affairs and neglected political affairs, and his political power fell away. Before Taikang died, he passed the throne to his younger brother Zhongkang. Zhongkang had a cowardly character, and the government was controlled by the powerful minister Hou Yi. Later, Hou Yi was killed by Han Yun, and the political power fell into Han Yun's hands. More than ten years later, Zhongkang died of depression and passed the power to his son, the emperor. The emperor was hunted down by Han Yun again.

From 2050 BC to 2020 BC, during the decline of Xia Shi, various vassal states strengthened the management of their territorial scope, and many small Fang states were born. The Kunwu clan is located at the junction of today's Hebei, Shandong and Henan. It has a large land area and has divided four kingdoms within its jurisdiction.

According to the "Emperor Lineage List", the Kunwu family had sons Su, Gu, Wen, and Dong, and they successively established four small Fang Kingdoms. Wen State was located in Wen County, Henan Province today. It was named because of the hot springs there. The capital was built on the northern platform of Shangyuan Village, Wen County. According to an investigation by the cultural relics department, the Shangyuan Cultural Site is a cultural site from the Longshan to Erlitou period.

The establishment time of the ancient Wen State, according to the "Wen County Chronicles Major Events": "About the 21st century BC, a state was established here. It was named after the hot springs in the territory and was called the Wen State." The ancient Su State According to the "Bamboo Chronicles": "In the thirty-third year of Emperor Fen's reign, Kunwu's son was granted the title of Yousu."

However, at this time, the ancient Wen Kingdom and the ancient Su Kingdom were not the same. Their surname is not Wen or Su, they all have the same surname as Kunwu. They are just a tribe with hot springs and perilla grass as their totems. The surname Wen was born when the country was destroyed at the end of the Xia Dynasty and the beginning of the Shang Dynasty. The surname Su was born when the vassal states were established with the surname Su at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

At the end of Xia and the beginning of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang raised troops and first destroyed the Kunwu clan, the main vassal state of Xia. According to "Wen County Chronicles Major Events": "In the twenty-sixth year of Xia Gui (King Jie of Xia), Shang destroyed Wen, and Wen became the inner city of Shang Ji." The time when Wen was destroyed was about 1720 BC, about 100 years ago. More than 3720 years ago, it is an older surname in China.

The princes of the Xia Kunwu clan include the four clan Fang states of Wen, Su, Gu and Dong. There were the Wen family in today's Jiaozuo area, the Su family in today's Anyang area, the Gu family in today's Puyang area, and the Dong family in today's Heze area. Shang Tang established its capital in Xibo (now Yanshi) and raised troops to destroy Xia. It was only separated from Kunwu's country by the Yellow River, so the Kunwu clan was destroyed first.

The above is the origin of the surname Wen. There are two sources of the surname Wen. One is that when Su State was destroyed in 650 BC, Su Zi fled to the east and was called Wen Zi. His descendants took Wen as their surname (see "Tang Wen Xin Monument"). Taichang killed Wenji; the other branch was the Jin and Tang Shus who came to the family lineage after Yu, according to "Guangyun".

In 573 BC, after the Su Kingdom was destroyed, Zhou general Wen was given to Jin, but Jin sent a public official to govern Wen. However, when he took control of the army in Jin, he took Wen as his fief and called it Wen Ji. The Duke of Jin was afraid of him and killed his uncles and nephews. His grandson fled to Wenyi and began to use Yi as his surname.

Because Quezhi is a royal family of the Jin State, and its ancestor is Tang Shuyu, the founding ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, so today this lineage calls Tang Shuyu the ancestor. Tang Shuyu was granted the title of Tang (Jin) by the king because of his younger brother Tong Ye, and his 19th generation grandson Wei Que arrived (see "History of the Development of the Wen Family in Guangdong, Genealogy of the Jin Family, and Research on the Genealogy of the Wen Family"). Other ethnic groups changed their surnames.

Migration and reproduction of the Wen surname

Migration in Chinese history was mostly caused by wars and famines. The migration of the Wen surname should have started when Shang Tang destroyed Wen, but what is seen in historical data is that it started with the wars at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. According to the research of Yuan Yida and He Guangyue, the famous experts on surname research in my country, a group of Wen people moved to Zhaowu City in the Qilian Mountains in the Western Regions at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

From the migration of this Wen clan, it can be seen that they had already moved out of Wen in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty. They first arrived in present-day Shanxi and Shaanxi. It was not until the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty that they arrived today. Zhaowu City in Gansu Province.

The Wen people who arrived at Zhaowu City in the Qilian Mountains were later resisted by the Huns. They continued westward and entered Xinjiang, but were also resisted by the Tubo people. Finally, some Wen people flowed to the south of Xinjiang and later established the Wensu Kingdom; the other Wen people crossed the Congling Mountains and entered the Russian border, blending into other ethnic groups.

Wen people have moved to various places since the Shang Dynasty. They have traveled farther and farther, and gradually reached Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Liaoning in the north. However, they have never forgotten that they are Wen people and are integrating with the ethnic minorities in the north. Later, people with the word "Wen" gradually formed, such as the Wengu family, Wenpen family, Chiwen family, Wendu family, etc.

A small number of the migration of Wen surnames to the south had already begun in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There was Wen Ji, a general in the Chu State (see "History of the Development of the Wen Family in Guangdong"). The Wen family's large-scale migration to the south of the Yangtze River began between the two Jin Dynasties. According to the "Book of Jin·Biography of Wen Qiao", Wen Qiao, a descendant of Wen Ming and Wen Xu from Qi County, Taiyuan County, Shanxi Province, arrived in Zhejiang during the Jin Dynasty.

After Wen Qiao was granted the title of Duke of An County due to his meritorious service, he lived in Ganzhou (now Jiangxi). His twelfth generation grandson Wen Gao was naturalized in Yangzhou during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Wen Gao's second son Wen Mu was buried in Wenzhou Prefecture. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Yong's descendants Wen Tongbao moved to Fujian, and their descendant Wen Yuanwang moved to Shanghang (see "Shanghang Wen Family Genealogy").

In the Song Dynasty, Wen Dexing first served as the prefect of Zhangzhou, then as the prefect of Chaozhou in Guangdong, and later as the prefect of Qiongzhou in Hainan. He died of illness on the way to his appointment and was buried in Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou. His descendants multiplied in Guangdong. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Wen family passed through the Pearl River Delta and dispersed to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces (see "Wen Family Genealogy").

According to the "History of the Development of the Wen Family in Guangdong", in the 61st year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1722), Wen Ricao and others lived in Taiwan; in the 12th year of Yongzheng's reign (1734), Wen Mingding and others moved in again Taiwan: In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1743), four Cantonese people named Wen, Zeng, Lai and Cao settled in Taiwan again. Wen Rou and Wen Zongrui of Lianjiang, Guangdong moved to Nanyang, Singapore.

Due to wars from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Wen family migrated in large numbers from the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and Yunnan to Southeast Asia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries. Today Southeast Asia has become the Wen family's territory