Ancient Poems and Poetic Gardens in Changshu: The Accumulation of Poetic Life

I saw Changshu, which was carefree with wide robes and big sleeves, warm with fragrant teas in small handlebars, gentle and charming with sleeves dancing lightly, and also the openness of lakes and mountains and the leisure of rockery gardens. The flowing water of the small bridge in Changshu is the water vapor that you can feel as soon as you sit down.

is a misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River that you can meet when you are free,

is a sweet cake that you can stick to when you breathe ...

It is also a kind of indescribable memory and remembrance.

On such a cloudy afternoon, a little rain falls on your eyelids,

Stay away from the hustle and bustle of the city, hide alone in the bamboo forest, order a pot of strong or weak tea, and sit quietly in a pavilion or waterside pavilion. What we can do is to forget first, and then feel, whether it is rain or silence, or tea or heart.

Only then can we understand the real Changshu.

Changshu Garden is the crystallization of Changshu's history and culture. From reading platform to Wutong Garden, from Banye Garden to Qiushui Garden, such as Mimi Jiaowei Spring, it has a long history and comes down in one continuous line. As a result, the incense of culture and the soul of the garden are like the acacia in Hongdou Mountain Villa. Although it has gone through many vicissitudes, it is still full of flowers and colorful eyes.

Jiangnan Garden is a literati garden. Those developed and wealthy literati have transformed the original intention of life found in natural beauty into the practice of life, and achieved a high degree of integration of living environment and quality of life. As far as its essence is concerned, gardens are the crystallization of cooperation between literate figures and intelligent craftsmen.

Changshu has a long history of gardening. At the foot of the verdant Yushan Mountain, there were countless wind pavilions and moon pavilions in the dense water and willow smoke. According to the statistics of researchers, there are no fewer than 12 private gardens in Changshu history, which is amazing in a county-level town.

It's interesting that "seven streams and waters all lead to the sea, and ten miles of green hills are half a city." Changshu is an urban mountain forest: its rich land, prosperous style of writing and artisan skills have become rich soil for raising the elegant flower of Yushan garden art.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Wutong Garden and Luyuan (which no longer exist) built by Fu Cha, the King of Wu, were the first gardens in Changshu with history to learn from. Wutong Garden is located in the Wu Palace, which is famous for its many Wutong trees. It is said that Changshu is also known as Qinchuan. Changshu Wutong Garden was the earliest garden in Wu at that time, and it was the first to open Suzhou gardens.

during the six dynasties, the flourishing of the temple jungle brought out the emergence of temple gardens. The famous Kofukuji in Changshu was built at this time. In the Tang Dynasty, Kofukuji was one of the famous temples in the south of the Yangtze River, with its spacious halls, flying springs and stone bridges, and restored corridors and pavilions. Chang Jian's poem "a buddhist retreat behind broken-mountain temple" shows its interest in nymphs, and its "my path has wound, through a sheltered hollow" has become the characteristics of later Jiangnan gardens. Xiao Tong, the prince of Liang Zhaoming, came to Yushan to build a platform to study, that is, where the "reading platform" is now located. His land is half a mountain and half a city, with a green valley and a flowing spring, which has a far-reaching origin and intrinsic influence on the private gardens of Changshu literati in later generations, and also opened the volume of Changshu garden scrolls. There is a reading platform park on Yushan today, and there are many gardens in Kofukuji.

At the turn of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Changshu's economy gradually prospered, which promoted the prosperity of culture and education. On both sides of the Naqin River and in Yanzi Gu Xiang, there are already scholars' ponds. In the Song Dynasty, the initial spring tide of Changshu gardens surged secretly. Chen Qizong built a reading platform at Luyuan site, and later Lu Wan made it a waiting hall. Because of its name, Chen Luyuan was the first private garden in Changshu. By the yuan dynasty, the wind of building gardens next to houses was gradually flourishing. The most famous is the Wutong Garden of Cao Shancheng in Fushan, Changshu. According to records, Wutong Garden is full of smoke and water, quiet and beautiful, with hundreds of trees planted. When guests arrive, they order the boy to wash the trees, so it is also called Washing the Trees Garden. Scholars and celebrities often gather here. The garden relics in Tang and Song Dynasties mainly include the square pagoda in today's Square Pagoda Garden.

in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of Changshu gardens entered a climax. Various artistic talents and schools, represented by Qian Qianyi, have become the origin of gardening. According to records, among the more than 27 gardens in Wuzhong in the Ming Dynasty, Changshu accounted for nearly 5, and its artistic level was unprecedented, with many famous gardens appearing.

Xiaowangchuan took the lead in Xicheng, which was built after Qian Dai, the supervisor of the imperial censor, retired to his hometown in Wanli. There is a mansion in the north, a garden in the house (around Xiuju), exquisite and exquisite, and a large garden is built in the south of the house. In total, the house garden covers an area of nearly 2 mu, with 4 people, including pavilions, pavilions and halls. Yi people have a poem: "9,-square-leaf boat, Xiaoshan is like rain." There are countless poor eaves and valves today, and it is known that it is Qianjia Wangchuan. " Since the city of Changshu was built, private gardens have reached this scale, so it is called "Qianbancheng". Such a huge structure is also rare in Jiangnan. Today, visitors can visit Zeng Garden and Zhao Garden in the Qing Dynasty at Xiaowangchuan Site.

what stands out from the north city is the semi-wild garden in Qian Qianyi. The garden site is also wide, "climb high and look far without leaving home, even the mountain pavilion is in the wild." Cuiwei wants to go to the tomb of Qi women, and the green is far away from Laozi Hall. Baiyun Nvqiang is a mountain belt, and Honglan Bridge water contains lake light. " This is a poem from Qian Qianyi's "Nine-Day Banquet Collection with Drunken Songs of Huige", which is picturesque and integrated. There are thousands of books in the Jiangyun Building in the garden, and the stone "Qin Xue" left by the Lotus Village in Zhao Ziang in Yuan Dynasty is placed in front of the building.

As can be seen from the map of Changshu city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the most beautiful places for gardening are southwest and southeast, with mountains near the water, semi-country and semi-city, and the land and water are wide and convenient, which not only satisfies the luxurious life of the city, but also enjoys the enjoyment of natural landscape art, and is completely divided between Xiaowanchuan and semi-wild garden by Qian Jia (Qian Dai is Qian Qianyi's brother). Therefore, the later famous gardens, Rudong Gaocaotang and Wengshi Dongyuan, can only be built outside the East Gate and Xiaodongmen respectively.

Donggao Getang was built for Qu Ru's retirement during the Wanli period, and his son Qu Shizhen made progress and expanded. Garden pillow mountain with water, an empty and bright territory. "On the third bridge, the curved sill Zhu Lan, with uneven reflection. No matter how bright the flowers are, the moon is clear and snowy, and it is not enough. That is, the cold suburbs are falling, and the wind and rain are bleak, which is enough for people to appreciate. Anyone who has traveled far away and passed through the land has always sighed and lingered, thinking that the three Wu Dynasties are beautiful. If you can create it, you will have poetry, and those who dare to go will be endowed. " Qian Qianyi also has Fushui Mountain Villa, a suburban garden built under Fushui Rock in Yushan, which was invited by Zhang Nan, a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty. The garden leans against the water cliff, the victory of Shang Hu, the long embankment of green willows, the winding water of oblique bridges, the winding rooms are quiet and quiet. Liu Rushi once painted "The Willow Map on the Moon Dyke" and the scale page of the landscape and the title couplet "Look in the distant castle peak painting, listen in the shallow and deep water harp", and Zhuang Jing saw it now.

In the Qing Dynasty, the reading and book collection in Changshu flourished unprecedentedly. After Huang Gongwang, Wang Shigu was a sage in painting and was good at gardening. His family came to Qingge Garden, and Suzhou Xiugu Garden was also his handwriting. Qian Yong, on the other hand, is a good gardener, and his "Talking in the Garden" is a masterpiece in the history of China gardens. "In the afternoon, the beautiful trees are getting clearer and rounder", and the gardens in Changshu are further deepened. Yan Garden, which is dominated by two rockeries, Shuiwu Garden, which is characterized by excellent water corridors, Huyin Garden, which is dominated by lofty bookshops, and a half-acre garden, which is rich in collection, are all works of that time.

after the middle period of Daoguang, there are still famous gardens in Changshu. Zengyuan, the cloud and water tower is hidden between Liuan Tingzhou. Qufang Branch, White Pine Red Bean and Shuxuan Monument Gallery can all be arranged properly and become the evening singers of Changshu Gardens.

From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, China was in a state of frequent wars, weak country and poor people, and the construction of gardens was gradually declining. Outside the north gate, along the Lingtang, the Chengbi Villa of the bibliophile Shen Xiren and the Qiushui Garden of the poet Cao Datie, the descendant of Yuan Cao Shancheng, are the last two famous private gardens. Not long after, the Japanese invaders stepped into the villa, and the deep courtyard was quiet and turned into rubble. The prosperity of the garden is linked to the rise and fall of Changshu, and the rise and fall of Changshu reflects the destiny of the country.

After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, with the recovery of economic and cultural life, classical gardens such as Yanyuan Garden, Zengyuan Garden and Zhaoyuan Garden have really come to an end.

It is worth mentioning that the existing classical private gardens in Changshu today still have advantages in terms of quantity and quality.

Changshu gardens started in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are not only Xiaowangchuan as big as Kunpeng, but also Huanxiuju as small as a sparrow. There are gorgeous and elegant semi-wild gardens and Donggao Caotang, as well as secluded and humanistic Fushui and Hongdou Villa. There are both Yan Garden, which is famous for its rockery, and Shuiwu Garden, which is famous for its waterscape, so it sings and echoes with Suzhou, the county city, and * * has become a grand view of Suzhou gardens.

There are many literati in Changshu, and gardens developed to the Qing Dynasty, mostly study gardens. Named Garden, it is actually a place for collecting books, reading and chanting. It emphasizes a kind of poetry, so it pays great attention to the title, plaque or couplet of the garden. For example, the title of Zeng Yuan's pavilions and pavilions is often set off by clear and bright moons, such as inviting the moon pavilion, soaking the moon pavilion, praying for the moon pavilion, the breeze and bright moon pavilion, and embracing the moon pavilion, which deepens the artistic conception of "virtual outline". People are integrated into the experience of ancient elegance, the experience of communicating with nature, the observation of life philosophy, and the aesthetic enjoyment of purifying the soul is achieved, resulting in a variety of associations and associations, so that the garden landscape concept is sublimated again. It should be said that the humanities and scroll flavor of Changshu gardens are outstanding in Jiangnan gardens.