Analysis on the shortage of college students' employment demand from the long-term and short-term perspectives

[Workplace Survey] Increasing internship experience has become the most urgent need before applying for a job.

(2006-05-09 09:29:20)

After the end of April, the golden period of job hunting gradually faded and the market entered a stable period. With the gradual decrease of the demand for fresh graduates in the talent market, fresh graduates who wander outside the employment gate may encounter more severe challenges in the future. So what are the factors that bother them in the process of job hunting, and what are the problems they need to solve? In order to understand the real employment needs of college students, Hebei searched for money. Com and City News Talent Weekly jointly launched the seventh series of surveys on college students' employment needs.

Question 1: What are the factors that currently plague your job search?

The survey shows that 16.78% are "lack of professional knowledge of enterprise posts" and "lack of understanding of enterprise employment standards", 15.38% are "lack of job-seeking skills", "lack of ability" and "lack of job-seeking channels" are 13.29%, and "lack of".

It can be seen that the biggest problem of college students' employment comes from enterprises, especially the lack of professional knowledge and the lack of understanding of enterprise employment standards, which shows that graduates have a strong desire to understand enterprises. In addition, the lack of job-seeking skills and ability has also become the second major factor that plagues graduates' employment.

According to the above survey results, Zhang, manager of Hebei Soucai Recruitment Center. Com, that there is a certain deviation between the troubles in the eyes of college students and those in the eyes of employers. In the eyes of employers, ignorance of professional knowledge, ignorance of society and lack of self-ability are the main obstacles to the employment of fresh graduates. This shows that there is a great contradiction between supply and demand of talents. When college students are faced with employment, they still don't master the methods and skills of job hunting, and their ability is insufficient. At the same time, it also reflects that the education and employment guidance of colleges and universities still cannot meet the employment needs of college students.

Question 2: What is the urgent problem to be solved before applying for a job?

On this issue, the order of urgency of graduates is: 1, increasing enterprise internship experience; 2. How to interview; 3. Understand the criteria for enterprise selection; 4. How to understand the enterprise; 5. Professional knowledge; 6. How to talk about salary and welfare; 7. Necessary qualification certificates; 8. How to dress; 9. Know how to write a resume; 10. Obtained the certificate of participating in the induction training of famous enterprises.

It can be seen that "increasing enterprise internship experience" is the most urgent demand for graduates before job hunting; "How to interview", "enterprise selection criteria" and "How to know a company" have become the most eager knowledge for graduates of 2006 before applying for a job.

At present, the supply of talents exceeds demand, and enterprises attach great importance to college students' practical experience, which greatly improves their competitiveness.

In addition, the employment standards of enterprises and the selection conditions of enterprise talents have not been effectively passed on to college students, and the training of college students lacks market orientation. Colleges and universities lag behind the employment needs of college students in guiding their employment, which greatly restricts the smooth employment of graduates.

Find a professional job

In a university in Shanghai, the number of graduates is close to 10,000 every year, and the staff of the school employment guidance center usually have a hard time working overtime. In the second half of the year, she began to call many enterprises in Shanghai to recommend students to practice. This job is not as difficult as most people think, and the intern she recommended is quite popular with the company. However, internship is only the first step of successful employment guidance, and the goal of internship is to add points to students' job hunting.

The personnel manager of the enterprise complained to Xiaoping that they always failed to recruit ideal employees. Although many resumes of college students can be received in every recruitment, it is a very difficult job to screen out those who can be interviewed further in these resumes.

"The company can't recruit people, and students can't find jobs," Xiaoping said. "We are facing such a situation."

Good internship experience is becoming more and more important in job hunting. Every year, students finally find jobs in internship units. In 2005, Xiaoping's department sent five students to Germany for internship, two of them went to Braun, two went to BMW and the other went to a subsidiary of BMW. After returning to China, these students have done a good job. But such opportunities are rare after all. Therefore, the pressure of employment guidance institutions in colleges and universities is very great.

Generally speaking, the difficulty of college students' employment is not only related to the lack of employment demand, the lack of graduates' willingness and ability to find jobs, but also related to the inefficient matching between supply and demand. In order to solve this problem, the employment guidance system and institutions in Chinese universities have existed for less than 10 years. At the beginning, the Dachuan Youth League Committee or other organizations worked together, and the staffing was overlapping. However, in recent years, the Ministry of Education requires that the top leaders should be responsible for college employment, and the employment rate of graduates is an important indicator of college assessment, and requires colleges and universities to generally set up employment guidance centers.

Compared with foreign counterparts, the employment guidance institutions in China's universities are still lacking in experience and the staff are not professional enough. The career service of Oxford University is a model of career guidance institutions in many universities in the world. This institution with 65,438+06 professionals is responsible for the following work: accepting students' consultation-not only the graduates of that year, but also all students in school and Oxford students within four years of graduation, providing information on all vacant positions and effectively searching, sending electronic newsletters every week, printing and distributing the vacancy newsletter "Bridge" to every end user; Design a series of activities and exchange meetings to provide a platform for students to choose jobs.

They train not only students but also employers. As a world-class university, they have specialized personnel to provide professional advice for employers' recruitment, invite employers to participate in various job fairs, hold career exhibition activities, and of course invite employers to advertise for Oxford University students for free.

Xiaoping explained in detail the responsibilities of her department: employment training, psychological consultation, contact internship, and handling employment procedures. Employment training is a new course which includes career planning and job-hunting skills.

Xiong Bingqi, a scholar who studies higher education, thinks that this is far from enough. He complained that colleges and universities in China generally did not pay attention to educating students to plan their careers, and quoted the experience of some countries as saying that students should be taught the knowledge of career planning from middle school or even primary school.

Employment should be professional

The problem that higher education is out of line with market demand has always been concerned. Majors with low employment rate will be warned: reduce enrollment. In 2006, the two majors in Xiaoping School have reduced the enrollment quota by more than 50. For principals, low employment rate will also affect students.

The Ministry of Education has released the word that the enrollment scale of majors with employment rate below 50% for two consecutive years should be strictly controlled, and those with employment rate below 30% should even stop recruiting. In the catalogue of undergraduate majors published by the Ministry of Education in 2006, the applied 365,438+07 new majors were not approved, so enrollment could not be arranged, and two majors were cancelled.

But overall, the total number of majors in China's colleges and universities is increasing rapidly. From 1998 to 200 1, the number of majors in colleges and universities increased by 50.2%. In 2005 alone, there were more than 2,400 newly established undergraduate majors in colleges and universities across the country. Xiong Bingqi, who works in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, believes that although the major setting of China University is increasingly emphasizing employment orientation, the blindness, randomness and follow-up of many universities are behind the surge in the number of majors.

He is also worried that the current employment rate does not accurately reflect the needs of society, and there is a cycle between talent training and career demand. Many colleges and universities are scrambling to introduce popular majors. Four years have passed, and the market waiting for graduates has plummeted.

"A good school of science and engineering sees that the art test is getting hotter and hotter, and it is necessary to develop art majors regardless of conditions." Xiong Bingqi said that this situation became very common after the enrollment expansion.

Although there are some problems in specialty setting in colleges and universities, Xiong Bingqi is worried that the final decision of specialty setting is in the hands of the education administrative department. "The Ministry of Education should truly implement the right to set up majors in colleges and universities in accordance with the Higher Education Law." He believes that the responsibility of the education administrative department lies in formulating school-running norms and supervising the running of colleges and universities; The second is to release social demand information. Entrust educational intermediary institutions to investigate the professional trend in the current year, within five years and within 10 years, and conduct short-,medium-and long-term follow-up surveys on the positions, salaries and career prospects of graduates of various majors, and give timely feedback to universities to promote communication between employers, universities and students.

Characteristics of starting salary of graduates in 2005

1. The higher the educational background, the more the starting salary will be: college graduates 1.333 yuan, undergraduate graduates 1.549 yuan, masters' 2,674 yuan, doctors' 29 1.7 yuan.

Second, the gender difference is significant: the average starting salary of men is 163 1 yuan, and that of women is 1.507 yuan, with a difference of 1.24 yuan.

Third, the nature of work units is different: foreign-funded enterprises and scientific research units are slightly higher, which are 1987 yuan and 1888 yuan respectively; State organs, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are in the middle, with 1626 yuan, 1592 yuan and 1529 yuan respectively; Urban collective enterprises, schools and township enterprises are the lowest, which are 1389 yuan, 1365 yuan and 1355 yuan respectively.

Iv. Differences in job types: The income from various types of enterprise management, administrative management and professional and technical work ranks in the top three, which are 1887 yuan, 1676 yuan and 1585 yuan respectively; Front-line agricultural employees, all kinds of service work and technical assistance work are in the middle, which are 1530 yuan, 1465 yuan and 1457 yuan respectively; The lowest is the front-line workers, whose income is only 13 14 yuan.

Fifth, there are obvious differences in the employment places of graduates: large and medium-sized cities have the highest income, which is 1725 yuan; The incomes of counties, towns and villages are 12 16 yuan, 1234 yuan and148/kloc-0 yuan respectively. Among them, the income of counties and townships decreased slightly compared with 2003.