Middle school students' legal reporting and law popularization compositions

Let every child bathe in the sunshine of law.

-Commemorating the second "12.4" National Legal Publicity Day.

Cui Li Wang Haizhou Wang Yijun

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Teenagers are the hope and future of the country, and their legal awareness and legal literacy directly determine the future and destiny of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law. Deng Xiaoping pointed out from a far-sighted perspective that "legal education should start with dolls". In fact, from the First Five-Year Plan to the Fourth Five-Year Plan, strengthening legal education and legal protection for young students has always been the top priority of the law popularization work, which has become a broad consensus and common action of all sectors of society.

On the occasion of the second "12.4" National Legal Publicity Day, we launch this special issue, the fundamental purpose of which is to make the basic concepts of the rule of law, such as the awareness of citizens' rights and obligations, equality before the law, obeying the law and doing things according to law, trickle down and penetrate into the minds and hearts of young students.

Legal education has been brought into the teaching system.

65438+1October 25th, Beijing. In an ordinary conference room, relevant leaders from the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice, the Central Comprehensive Management Office, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and other departments are holding a meeting with the theme of strengthening legal education for young people.

What is striking about this meeting is that not only Minister of Justice Zhang, Minister of Education Chen Zhili, Director of the Central Comprehensive Management Office, Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and other senior leaders attended the meeting, but also the contents of the meeting were spread to sub-meeting places all over the country through TV and telephone signals.

The meeting conveyed an extremely important message: China is striving to build a gradual, scientific and reasonable legal education system from primary school to university. This unusual move means that the study of legal knowledge has been included in the compulsory courses of schools at all levels, and the proportion of legal education in the knowledge structure of students in China has greatly increased.

Inevitably, the legal awareness of young students in China is worrying. According to a survey, the basic knowledge of the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency among middle school students in China is only 24.7% and 16.4% respectively. In this regard, Zhang Panshi, vice president of China Juvenile Delinquency Research Association, pointed out that middle school students still know very little about these two laws closely related to their rights and obligations, which reflects from one aspect that the legal knowledge level, legal awareness and legal quality of young people in China still need to be comprehensively improved.

Teenagers account for a large proportion of the population in China, with more than 240 million students at all levels. Teenagers are in the stage of physical and mental growth and development, with poor ability to distinguish right from wrong, weak self-control and strong plasticity, and are easily influenced by various negative factors. At present, the problem of juvenile delinquency is still outstanding. Juvenile gang crimes and organized crimes have increased, the degree of violence has intensified, and the age of crime has also developed to a younger age. Among them, the weak concept of the rule of law is an important reason for juvenile delinquency.

Facing the present is casting the future. In order to effectively strengthen the legal education of young students, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice, the Central Comprehensive Management Office and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League jointly issued "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Legal Education of Young Students". The Opinions mainly outlines the composition of China's legal education system, that is, the legal education in primary schools is mainly to educate students in legal enlightenment, and to cultivate students' awareness of patriotism, traffic safety, environmental protection, self-protection and the ability to distinguish right from wrong; The legal education in middle schools should focus on the education of socialist democracy and the rule of law, enhance students' national awareness, rights and obligations awareness, law-abiding usage awareness, improve students' self-restraint and self-protection ability, and prevent and reduce illegal and criminal acts. Secondary specialized schools, vocational schools and technical schools should highlight the legal knowledge education related to their professional knowledge and labor protection; Legal education in universities should emphasize the study of modern legal basic theory and the theory and practice of governing the country according to law, master the basic knowledge of civil law, market economic law and WTO rules, and establish the consciousness of constitution, equality of rights and obligations and handling affairs according to law.

More importantly, the situation of legal education in the future will be included in the evaluation system of school education quality and students' comprehensive quality, and the legal education plan, teaching materials, class hours and teachers' "four implementations" will also be important contents in evaluating school work. At the same time, students' study of laws and compliance with laws and regulations will also be included in the assessment of further studies, enrollment, conscription and joining the army.

Relevant persons believe that the promulgation of this "Opinion" shows that China's juvenile legal education has been upgraded to a scientific, institutionalized and standardized level. This is a wise and strategic move to build a country ruled by law.

An all-round and three-dimensional legal education network for teenagers is being built and woven all over the country.

Judicial workers go to the front line of teaching

Fang Yan Jia is a prosecutor in Changping District, Beijing, and also a school legal adviser. She is often invited to give lectures on law in middle schools.

Once, I went to a middle school to give a lecture on legal system. As soon as she got to the school gate, she saw a group of 15-and 16-year-old male students gathered around, glaring, and some even shouted, "See you after school, but we won't stop." Founder was about to go forward when the bell rang and the students gathered in the classroom to listen to Fang's law class.

The prosecutor can't let go of those noisy children. In her speech, she gave an example of a tragic accident caused by a quarrel between students.

She said that students should learn to communicate, understand and give to each other, and never get emotional or fight. The consequences of this temporary fanaticism will not only hurt students, but also bring great pain to schools and parents.

She earnestly warned: "Son, you must have the string of' Buddhism' in your mind at all times!" Fang's eyes glided across every student's face with concern.

After class, the boys gathered around and blushed and said, "Aunt, these middle school students' cases you just mentioned let us know what is illegal and criminal. We don't want to take the road of crime. It's terrible. Now we know what to do. " The boys held hands together.

At that moment, Fang felt that all tiredness and worries had been lifted. This also makes Fang more enthusiastic about the "amateur" position of legal adviser.

At present, legal advisers and vice principals like Fang are active in primary and secondary schools all over the country.

Most of the vice presidents and legal advisers of the legal system come from the front line of politics and law. They have good legal knowledge, and can make use of the specific cultural communication space of the school to cooperate with the school to carry out various and targeted legal education for students. It has played an irreplaceable role in strengthening the legal concept of primary and secondary school students, preventing juvenile delinquency and comprehensively managing the surrounding environment of the campus, and has become a landscape in juvenile legal education in recent years.

However, it should not be ignored that there are still many limitations in the establishment of the vice-president of legal system and legal counselor, such as lack of planning and pertinence, single working method and teaching content, lack of effective two-way communication with the school, loose contact, unclear responsibilities of the vice-president of legal system and so on.

Tong Lihua, director of the Youth Legal Aid and Research Center, said that because the vice president of the legal system and the legal counselor themselves are very busy, they can't be at school every day, and they have little time to contact students, and their usual legal work focus is not necessarily related to minors. Moreover, because their positions as vice presidents of legal system are not fixed, the changes of their jobs and positions will affect the long-term development of school legal education. A few days ago, the Haidian District Education Committee, in consultation with the Youth Legal Aid and Research Center, jointly launched the "Training Project for Law Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools", aiming at training their own law teachers in primary and secondary schools, and initially decided to train 1 law teacher for each primary and secondary school in Haidian District.

The contents of the training mainly include laws related to minors, legal education on minors' rights and obligations, prevention of juvenile delinquency, how to avoid campus injury accidents and handling procedures, etc., so that law teachers can shoulder the responsibilities of legal education in schools and dealing with daily campus law-related issues.

A trained teacher said, we have received systematic legal professional training, and then give students legal lessons, so we won't learn to sell or follow the book as before. "I believe that the students' law classes will be more exciting." The teacher is full of confidence.

From passive acceptance to active participation

Interest is the best teacher. Only by adopting all kinds of lively, easy-to-understand and popular activities to adapt to the characteristics of young students can they be easily accepted by students.

The students walked out of the classroom and actively carried out social practice, which opened up a broad space for the "second classroom" of law popularization.

In a legal knowledge class in Dalian Yuwen Middle School, the students made a mock trial after a month of careful preparation. This trial case is about how to identify self-defense. The case sounds very professional, but the students simulate the prosecution and the defense, citing criminal law from time to time, and the debate is very fierce. The students present were deeply attracted and actively used their brains to analyze the case and compare the law.

More and more mock trial classes like this are staged in the classroom. It has become an effective form of popularizing legal knowledge among young students with its intuitive, participatory and vivid characteristics.

A variety of colorful legal "second classes" are widely carried out in schools all over the country.

Some schools use extracurricular activities, theme class meetings, special lectures and other forms to continuously expand students' legal knowledge; Some increase students' participation and gain more legal practical experience by carrying out activities such as essay writing, knowledge contest and mock trial. Some organizations sit in on court trials, visit prisons and reeducation-through-labor places, and let students feel the justice and majesty of the law through vivid and specific cases and statements by the parties.

Schools around the country have also built a number of juvenile law schools, juvenile legal education bases and legal service hotlines. These activities have become a new carrier to attract young people to learn legal knowledge and participate in social legal practice.

According to reports, since the first juvenile law school was formally established in August last year, activities to establish juvenile law schools have been carried out in many parts of the country. According to incomplete statistics, more than 3,000 community juvenile law schools have been established nationwide, training nearly 4 million young people.

According to a survey, middle school students expect to learn legal knowledge mainly in the form of subject participation, such as understanding cases, mock court trials, classroom debates and classmates' discussions, and visiting exhibitions, with a proportion as high as 70.7%.

In this regard, Zhang Panshi, vice-president and secretary-general of China Juvenile Delinquency Research Association, believes that this shows that students want to actively acquire legal knowledge in the form of subject participation, so as to integrate into the reality of the real society and grasp their own destiny in the future legal society, which is exactly in line with the requirements of the real society for the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality education.

Guangdong Province has launched a series of "Four Ones" activities throughout the province: creating legal education sketches, organizing legal knowledge competitions, launching prize-winning essay competitions and publishing comic books. A total of more than 8 million students participated in the activities, and the skits toured the province 100, and the venue was full.

In Zhejiang province, campus cultural activities are regarded as an effective carrier of legal education to improve students' interest and enthusiasm in learning law. On the one hand, they make full use of the most conventional propaganda positions in schools such as window, blackboard newspaper and wall newspaper to popularize legal knowledge; On the other hand, interest groups for studying law are organized, and various activities such as legal lectures, legal knowledge contests and legal summer camps are held regularly through relatively fixed legal education bases such as "Red Scarf Law School", "Juvenile Police School" and "Juvenile Law School".

In Tianjin, this year, an essay contest was held among the students of primary and secondary schools and secondary vocational schools in the city, and more than 10,000 essays were received10000.

During the "12.4" legal publicity day last year, Tanggu District held a competition for primary and secondary school students to write "legal newspapers". More than 60,000 primary and middle school students in the whole region participated in the production, and submitted more than 3,000 illustrated and rich entries, which were displayed in the 40-meter-long glass window of Century Square, forming a unique "Promenade of Popularizing Law". 199 10 The Central Comprehensive Management Office, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League jointly hosted the exhibition "For Tomorrow", which aroused widespread concern in society. This exhibition attracted more than 6,543,800 young students and teachers.

Legal experts pointed out that the popularization of law should change the simple form of preaching, combine things that children can feel in content, and integrate legal knowledge into students' familiar social life in a simple way through a series of legal practice activities that students can easily accept, so that legal education can become a vivid and intuitive life experience, and legal knowledge and consciousness can naturally be integrated into students' minds and lives.

Recently, a large-scale activity of "Popularizing Law among Hundreds of Millions of Teenagers" jointly organized by the China Care for the Next Generation Working Committee and the Office of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Social Security was officially launched. This activity will last for three years, focusing on the characteristics of young people, and vigorously promoting the theme of "caring for young people and walking with the law" by holding legal popularization forums, legal popularization competitions, essay writing, legal popularization summer camps and large-scale legal popularization evenings.

"The law is around everyone."

At the launching ceremony of "Caring for Youth and Walking with the Law", Sa Beining, the host of CCTV legal program, told a story.

Last year, during the "12.4" National Legal Publicity Day, CCTV's Legal Report made a program about an underage girl who was raped, but the gangsters could not be brought to justice. His father ran to kill the man angrily and ended up in prison. When the reporter came to interview, the weak girl was lying in bed from beginning to end, with her back to the camera.

At the end of the interview, when the reporter was walking outside the village, a reporter turned his head involuntarily, but suddenly he saw the girl leaning against the door and watching the reporter. In the rain and fog, the girl's smiling face is blurred, but it is clearly printed in the reporter's heart.

Sa Beining said that for this girl who has suffered great physical and mental damage, only the law is all the support and hope for her future life.

Legal experts pointed out that at present, on the one hand, the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is still outstanding, on the other hand, crimes that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of teenagers and destroy the environment for their growth are also on the rise. Teenagers, especially students at school, are vulnerable groups, and they are often vulnerable to illegal elements. Therefore, legal education for young students should not only make them understand and abide by the law, but also cultivate them to know how to use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, improve their self-defense ability, and then grow into qualified citizens with good legal quality.

In view of this, local organizations have mobilized all sectors of society to organize various forms of self-care schools, training courses and training camps for young people, and invited experts to give lectures, watch videos and simulate scenario training. , so as to popularize the knowledge and skills of self-care to teenagers and educate students to refuse temptation, stay away from danger and prevent infringement.

In July, 20001year, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Leading Group for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management and China Youth Daily jointly sponsored the essay "My Self-care Experience". The activity received extensive attention and enthusiastic participation from teenagers all over the country, and received more than 5,000 essays from 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. Through vivid brushstrokes, the students told their self-care experience in the process of learning legal usage. There are also dangerous "awareness of prevention to help me escape from the clutches", "saying' no' to private enterprise bosses with the law", getting new shoes for themselves with the consumer protection law, and suing their fathers with the law they have learned ... Students really feel the power of law through their own experiences.

Qin Xue, a sixth-grade student of the First Primary School in Hutubi County, Xinjiang, is a "good boy who can learn something useful". She saw that the school was located in a busy area with many cars, and many primary school students rode bicycles to school without listening to the school's advice. Qin Xue found the Regulations on Road Traffic Management and told the students that it stipulated that "/kloc-children under 0/2 years old are not allowed to ride bicycles on the road". She said seriously that the law is to tell us what not to do. If everyone doesn't obey the rules, it will bring inconvenience and even harm to themselves and others. When the students saw that even riding a bicycle was stipulated by law, they really rode it. Once after school, a strange man told Xiaoling, a female classmate in the class, that his father was injured and wanted to take her away. Qin Xue stopped Xiaoling and said she couldn't go with him. She should call home first to find out the situation. Hearing this, the man ran away despondently. Afterwards, I learned that there was no such thing as Xiaoling's father being injured. The students all gave Qin Xue a thumbs-up sign.

"Primary school students should know the importance of learning and obeying the law from an early age. They should be calm and learn to use the law to protect themselves from harm and crime. " Qin Xue wants to tell everyone with his own experience: "The law is not profound at all, it is actually around everyone's life."

Five plus two is no longer zero.

Teachers often lament that the educational environment in which students live is becoming more and more complicated, and the influence from all aspects of society is very penetrating. Some people compare it to "five plus two equals zero", which means that students' five-day education at school and two-day contact at home and in society on Saturday and Sunday are all useless. Yan Xiaodong, director of the Education Department of Beijing dongzhimen middle school, said, our school can guarantee full education and publicity for students, but what should we do after eight hours? "Legal education for students is not only the responsibility of the school, but also the responsibility of the whole society." Yan Xiaodong said. Creating a good space and atmosphere for teenagers to learn and use the law is inseparable from the community and family.

In Taoranting community of Beijing, there is an active "Publicity Team for Popularizing Law" composed of more than 100 minors. They are not only good teenagers who know and obey the law, but also introduce the legal knowledge they have learned in the community youth law school to community members. At the same time, this propaganda team acts as a supervisor of "illegal acts" in the community, and promptly reflects to the relevant departments the phenomenon that the community infringes on the rights and interests of minors.

Xiao Linli (a pseudonym), a child of a divorced family, is usually very lively, but she suddenly has a bad temper for a while. This abnormal phenomenon attracted the attention of small community supervisors and told the volunteer teachers of community law school about it. Enlightened by the volunteer teacher, Xiao Linli told the truth: one night, she was raped by her drunken father. After many heart-to-heart talks, Xiao Linli finally bravely reported her father's behavior to the public security organs with the help of the community law school. Xiao Linli's father was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment 16 years according to law. "Popularizing juvenile law in the community can't just make children passively and rigidly accept it. It is also necessary for children to use the law to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of themselves and others after basically mastering relevant laws. " Cui Weiguo, secretary of the Youth League Working Committee of Taoranting Sub-district Office, said: "To carry out legal education for young people in the community, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of children for legal education. The impact of children's active participation is enormous. "

In order to truly achieve the effect of popularizing law among community teenagers, Taoranting Community Youth Law School also introduced "external brain" to create a good atmosphere for popular science usage.

In June this year, Beijing Taoranting Community Youth Law School hired more than 65,438+000 legal experts and workers as members of the volunteer lecturer group, including university law professors, college students, judges, prosecutors and policemen, and most notably, 65,438+00 taxi drivers. These 10 taxi drivers regularly study relevant traffic laws and regulations with community minors, and put forward their own opinions in combination with the situations encountered at work to help children master traffic laws and regulations and strengthen traffic safety awareness.

Gu is the secretary of the Youth League Working Committee of Longbai Street in Minhang District, Shanghai, and the principal of the Juvenile Law School in her community.

He told a story to the reporter. Some time ago, the law school learned through the hotline that Chen Mou, a teenager who lives in Hangsi Village, suffered from bad behaviors such as staying up all night and extortion in primary school because of his parents' divorce and lack of family care. Dropped out of high school before graduating, and later developed into criminal activities such as theft. "For such teenagers, we can only use love to influence and help the legal system", and community law schools began to play a role. Two key students of community law school became good friends with Chen Xiao under the inspiration of the school. They tutored Xiao Chen's culture and dragged Xiao Chen to the community law school on time. Later, Xiao Chen found a satisfactory job with the help of the street. Xiao Chen will often appear in various activities of community law schools.

Parents are children's shadows and enlightenment teachers, and their words and deeds will directly affect their healthy growth. Therefore, while helping students to learn law, community juvenile law schools must also strengthen legal education for parents.

Many community law schools offer short-term legal training courses for parents. Minhang Longbai Street Community Youth Law School distributed the publicity materials "How to Be a Qualified Guardian" compiled by the law school itself to parents. Some community law schools also conduct home visits to some problem families for close guidance. Community law schools gradually improve parents' legal awareness through various channels.

According to a survey, only 1 1.9% students think that family is one of the ways for them to know legal knowledge. However, this does not mean that the family is not important to the formation of middle school students' legal awareness, just because the legal knowledge education given by parents to their children is only a simple understanding, and parents generally do not use legal provisions or serious case analysis methods.

Zhang Panshi, vice president and secretary general of China Juvenile Delinquency Research Association, believes that the family is the group with the closest relationship and the most far-reaching influence with middle school students, and parents' legal awareness has an important influence on their children. Therefore, it is an important aspect to strengthen the legal education for parents and improve their legal awareness.

As early as 1997, Xiamen launched the activity of "Students Bring the Law Home". According to the different age groups of students, they asked students to write down the legal provisions such as the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on Compulsory Education in special notebooks and take them home to publicize them to their parents. After several years of exploration, this work has embarked on a benign development path with various forms, standardized activities and regular inspection and supervision.

No.17 Middle School in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province opened a juvenile law school and established a community family education network to educate parents on law, which benefited families a lot. Some parents said that we used to think that children were our own, and it was our own business to send them to school or not. Now we realize that it is illegal not to send school-age children to school. Some parents said that it was natural for children to be disobedient in the past, and others could not control them if they wanted to fight. Now they know that it is illegal to beat and scold children, which is not conducive to their healthy physical and mental growth. Other parents said that in the past, business was busy, and they often rushed their children to the front or helped sell things to earn money. Now they know it's wrong.

It is a long-term task for teenagers to organically combine family education, school education and social education, form a legal education network covering the whole growth environment of teenagers, create a healthy three-dimensional legal education space for students, and let students feel a strong atmosphere of rule of law at different times, places and people. Let every child grow up healthily in the sunshine of law, which is undoubtedly a basic project to shape the future society ruled by law.

Source: China Youth Daily, 2002, 65438+February 4th.