What is Zhang Xinru's occupation?

Zhang Xinru (1918.10—August 20th, 2008) was born in Qianmatai Village, fengqiu county, Henan. Cultural relic restoration expert.

Chinese name: Zhang Xinru.

Date of birth: 19 18 10 month.

Date of death: August 20, 2008

Occupation: expert in cultural relics restoration

Main achievements: More than 5,000 pieces of various cultural relics have been restored for Hunan Provincial Museum.

Masterpiece: Investigation of Neolithic Cultural Sites in Zhangshutan, Liuyang

Native place: fengqiu county, Henan.

The life of the character

1938 19 years old, he was introduced as an apprentice to the famous "Qunguzhai antique shop" in Kaifeng. The teachers are Zhang and Wang Changqing, famous experts in the restoration of cultural relics in Kaifeng. Ten years of apprenticeship laid a good foundation for his cultural relics restoration technology.

1April, 942, he returned from Kaifeng and was hanged by the Japanese army for covering the Eighth Route Army.

195 1 February, Zhang Xinru took part in the revolutionary work, first in the Henan Provincial Museum, and a few months later transferred to the Cultural Relics Section of the Central South Military and Political Committee. 1952 He went to Changsha to participate in archaeological excavation under the leadership of section chief Gu Tiefu, and then stayed in the cultural relics team of the Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee. 1957, the Provincial Cultural Management Committee was merged into the Hunan Provincial Museum, and Zhang Xinru worked in the museum for 5 1 year.

1April, 955 to 10/October, participated in the 4th "Archaeologist Training Course" jointly organized by the Central Ministry of Culture, China Academy of Sciences and Peking University. He systematically studied archaeological theory and field archaeological techniques here, and then participated in the field investigation and archaeological excavation of more than 5,000 Chu tombs in the Warring States period in the cultural relics team. Later, he led more than ten excavations of ancient sites and tombs, such as Jigongshan in Zhangshutan, Liuyang County, Hegu Mountain in Anren County and Dashipo in Xinhuang County. He also excavated the tomb of the Sui Dynasty in Xiangyin. The celadon figurines unearthed in this tomb have been the audience's favorite exhibits for many years. At the same time, he has written more than ten articles about excavation reports and cultural relics restoration, such as the Investigation of Neolithic Cultural Sites in Zhangshutan, Liuyang and the Tomb of Ba People in the Warring States Period in Dajiangkou Town, Xupu. , as well as the anti-corrosion reinforcement of unearthed ironware and the discussion on the restoration of cultural relics. , and expressed his rich work experience in words, published in "Cultural Relics Archaeology" and "Hunan Archaeological Collection".

Personality achievement

For more than half a century, Zhang Xinru has successively restored more than 5,000 pieces of various cultural relics for Hunan Provincial Museum, including more than 2,200 pieces of ceramics, more than 300 pieces of bronzes/kloc-0, more than 800 pieces of ironware, and about 700 pieces of other lacquered wood, jade and stone tools.

Many bronzes restored by Zhang Xinru have been included in the museum's first-class collection, such as the Four Sheep Square Zun, the Shang Dynasty Human Face Ding, the Four Pig Zun, the Western Zhou Animal Face Ding, and the Beast Noodles Liang. There are also pig statues, cow statues, elephant statues, bronze vases in Shang Dynasty and bronze vases in Spring and Autumn Period. In particular, the Buddha statue of Four Sheep has been listed as a treasure of the National Museum. This statue was discovered by 1938 when digging for farmer ginger in Yueshanpu, Ningxiang. Later, it was resold by antique dealers, confiscated by Changsha county government and kept by Hunan Bank. Because of the Japanese invasion, it was moved to Yuanling, bombed by enemy planes and broken into more than 20 pieces. 1952 Cai Jixiang, a cultural relic expert, found it in the basement of the Provincial People's Bank. Cai is good at cultural relics identification, not good at restoration, only doing simple bonding. After careful restoration by Zhang Xinru, it was finally restored to its original appearance. In 2007, when the Hunan Provincial Museum held the "National Treasure Exhibition", Four Sheep Fang Zun returned to his hometown, and various media rushed to report and interview the restoration master Zhang Xinru, which caused a sensation in the society for a while.

In terms of cultural relics restoration technology, Zhang Xin can constantly explore new things and master new methods. Zhang Xinru should make a detailed observation and understanding before the restoration. First, check whether there are patterns and inscriptions under the rust layer, so as to select welding points and avoid damaging the patterns. The corrosion degree of metals should also be investigated and judged. If the bronzes are highly oxidized, the bonding method must be used. Some bronzes are thicker and copper is better, so he bonds them with epoxy resin, which will not damage the artifacts and speed up the repair. A few years ago, Hunan Provincial Museum collected many precious bronzes, such as Shang Ding, four pig statues, four animal statues, elephant statues, pig statues and so on. These cultural relics are generally damaged. Among them, the discovery and restoration of four Shang Dynasty pig statues experienced twists and turns. That's 1962. Zhang Xinru found a copper coin while sorting out cultural relics in Changsha copper scrap warehouse. He concluded that it was a large Shang bronze ware. At this time, other fragments have been put into more than 2000 bags of copper scrap. With the approval of our superiors, we organized our forces to rummage through the boxes. After more than ten days of hard work, I searched 700 bags and found more than 100, but the mouth, abdomen, three pig heads and two standing birds were still incomplete. It is very difficult to repair this artifact. According to different radians, he put the mouth edge, neck, abdomen and bottom together accurately, then filed them flat and welded them again. He pays special attention to the coincidence of interfaces, for fear of distortion and dislocation after making mistakes. After careful consideration, he welded the bottom first, then the abdomen, then butted the bottom and abdomen, and finally welded the mouth and neck. After the basic molding, turn over the mold and copy three pig heads and two vertical birds to complement each other. After more than forty days' efforts, this Shang Dynasty ritual vessel has been restored to its original appearance.

For the restoration of pottery, Zhang Xinru first cleaned the dirt on the cracks, and then bonded them. Observe repeatedly before cleaning to see if there are painted, imprinted and attached marks on the pottery. After cleaning, apply 10% polymethyl methacrylate solution. 1979, Zhang Xinru accepted the task of repairing carved painted pottery jars unearthed in Sanyuan Palace in Lixian County. This is a relic of 5000 years ago. It has been broken into more than 30 pieces, and the mouth, bottom and abdomen are not complete. After his careful splicing, the pottery jar was restored to its original state, and now it has become the largest piece of pottery collected by Hunan Provincial Museum.

Zhang Xinru made an in-depth study on the rust prevention of unearthed ironware. Unearthed ironware is often seriously corroded, and some have all turned into iron oxide. For decades, he has gradually changed from sealing with insect film and boiling with paraffin to antirust treatment with chemicals. When he carried out rust prevention treatment on iron, he first soaked it in distilled water to remove chloride, then used phosphoric acid solution to remove rust, then sealed it with methyl ethyl toluene solvent, and then bonded it for repair.

Excavation of Han tombs

1971February participated in the completion of the first investigation of Mawangdui Han Tomb. In the following years, Zhang Xinru did a lot of work in the excavation of three Han tombs in Mawangdui and the cleaning and protection of unearthed cultural relics. In the excavation of Tomb No.1, he and several skilled workers became the main force. During the excavation of three Han tombs, Zhang Xinru was mainly responsible for receiving cultural relics and counting and registering them in the museum.

More than 500 pieces of lacquerware were unearthed, and more than 300 pieces were intact. In the next six years, Zhang Xinru spent most of his time observing and registering one by one, maintaining and changing water. After several years of hard work, he personally restored more than 200 precious lacquerware, such as lacquer clock, lacquer garden pot, lacquer square pot, lacquer tripod, etc., which were all the results of his restoration.

Copy imitation

Zhang Xinru is good at copying cultural relics. He once copied an astronomical mirror of Ming Dynasty for China International Science Center, with a diameter of only 27 cm, engraved with seal script, astronomical planets and eight pictures. Zodiac pictures, as well as Suzaku, Xuanwu, Qinglong and White Tiger pictures. Despite this complexity, after he copied it, it almost reached the level of chaos.

He also copied a large statue for china agricultural museum. Shang Zun, unearthed from Guihua Village, Xiangtan County, is 72 cm long and 40 cm high, weighing 19.75 kg and volume 13 kg. Feng Niaowen's elbow passes through a pair of circular tubes with a diameter of1.4cm, and he may put on a rope for lifting. As a ritual vessel, this shape and structure are very rare.

Zhang Xinru is good at imitating cultural relics. In 1970s and 1980s, he successively copied a batch of bronze galloping horses of Han Dynasty for the souvenir department of Hunan Provincial Museum. In order to imitate the tri-color Tang Dynasty, he made a special trip to Luoyang to inspect the firing method of tri-color Tang Dynasty. The tricolor horses and Tang figurines burned in the kiln are no different from those burned by his colleagues in Henan. Bowls, pots, bottles and various animal-shaped toys were unearthed in Changsha kiln, and he also copied them successfully. His imitation is very popular with audiences at home and abroad.

determination/identification of cultural relics

Over the past decades, Zhang Xinru has excavated or studied tens of thousands of cultural relics, accumulated rich knowledge and become an important member of the provincial cultural relics appraisal committee. Thousands of cultural relics have been identified for museums and cultural management offices in Hengyang, Changde, Xiangyin and other counties and cities, including more than 270 first-class collections. It also identified more than 2,000 pieces of cultural relics purchased by cultural centers such as Lianyuan County and Lengshuitan City. He was also invited to identify thousands of cultural relics confiscated from smugglers for the public security and foreign trade departments.

Since 1963, Zhang Xinru has trained six talents for cultural relics restoration, 1 talents for paint dehydration restoration for Sichuan Museum and 1 technicians for iron maintenance and protection for Guangzhou Museum. He has also taught many times at the Cultural Relics Cadre Training Center of five provinces in central and southern Bancang and the Cultural Relics Specialty of Xiangtan University, and taught a number of cultural relics maintenance and restoration techniques. He brought repair tools and materials in class, and demonstrated them while explaining them, so that students could learn practical knowledge and skills.