Interview experience of civil servants

I. Significance and characteristics of the interview

(1) the significance of the interview (what is an interview, please answer) (some people think: talk+see; Oral examination; Observation+oral examination, etc. )

Interview is a kind of examination form carefully designed by the organizer. With the examiner's face-to-face conversation and observation of candidates as the main means, the knowledge, ability and experience of candidates are evaluated from the outside to the inside.

1, specific scene: different from the evaluation methods such as observation and inspection in daily natural scenes.

2. Careful design: Compared with ordinary conversations, face-to-face interviews and conversations, these forms of direct contact are different from emotional communication.

3. Face-to-face observation and conversation: different from the general oral examination. The oral test only emphasizes the evaluation methods and characteristics of oral English, and the interview also includes comprehensive analysis, reasoning and judgment of nonverbal behavior. It includes five aspects: asking questions, listening, investigating, analyzing and judging.

(B) the characteristics of the interview

1, with conversation and observation as the main tools. Conversation is a major tool in the interview process. During the interview, the examiner mainly asks various questions to the candidates, and the candidates answer them. Observation is another major tool in the interview process. In the interview, the examiner is required to be good at using his senses, that is, vision and hearing, to judge the relevant quality characteristics of the candidate.

This is a two-way communication process. Interview is a two-way communication process between examiners and candidates. During the interview, the examiner evaluates the candidates through observation and conversation; Candidates can also adjust their behavior in the interview through the examiner's behavior, judge the examiner's value judgment standard, attitude preference and satisfaction with their interview performance, so it is a contest of communication, emotional exchange and ability between subject and object.

3. The content of the method is flexible. On the one hand, because different positions have different requirements for people, interviews can flexibly take different ways to examine candidates according to the characteristics of different positions; On the other hand, although the interview questions are designed in advance, during the interview, the examiner can decide the number of interview questions according to the specific situation of the candidates and whether the information obtained is enough.

4. Dialectical evaluation criteria. Interview is to evaluate the quality of candidates according to all their performances on the spot. It not only analyzes whether the candidates' answers are correct, but also analyzes the flexibility, logic and adaptability of the candidates' answers. The evaluation of interview results is not based on the correctness of opinions, but on the comprehensive quality of candidates. At the same time, interview evaluation is subjective, but people's quality evaluation is a very complicated work, and examiners can apply their long-term accumulated experience to interview evaluation.

Second, the evaluation factors of leading cadres' interviews

The interview mainly evaluates the basic elements for candidates to adapt to the post requirements of leading cadres. The main contents are:

(1) language expression ability. During the interview, it is necessary to examine whether the candidates can express their thoughts, opinions, opinions and suggestions fluently in words. The specific contents of the investigation include the logic, accuracy, appeal, sound quality, timbre, volume and tone of expression. This is a basic ability of leading cadres.

(2) adaptability. This paper mainly examines whether the candidates' answers to the examiner's questions, especially the sudden questions, are witty, agile and appropriate; Whether the accident is handled properly and properly.

(3) Comprehensive analysis ability. It refers to whether leading cadres can analyze things systematically, comprehensively and accurately when analyzing and judging problems, so as to solve problems. This paper mainly examines whether candidates can grasp the essence of the examiner's questions through analysis, and make thorough reasoning, comprehensive analysis and clear organization.

(4) Ability of planning, organizing and coordinating. Plan the activities of oneself, others and departments according to certain standards, arrange schedules, allocate resources and coordinate the interests of all parties to the conflict. For leading cadres, this ability is an essential ability, which is related to whether the work can be carried out smoothly. It is also a basic quality ability. The evaluation mainly includes: whether the work is planned; Whether you can actively cooperate with others and be fruitful; Whether there is extreme individualism, whether to seek common ground while reserving differences in handling organizational relations, and whether to mediate contradictions; Whether we can properly handle the relationship with various departments, jointly achieve the work objectives and complete the work tasks.

(5) decision-making ability. Leading cadres often encounter some important problems or sudden changes in their work, which requires leading cadres to make corresponding decisions to adapt to changes according to the specific conditions at that time, and it is also an ability to choose and judge.

(6) interpersonal skills. That is, the ability to deal with interpersonal relationships. Whether a leading cadre has strong social skills directly affects whether his work can be carried out smoothly. Mainly handle the relationship with superior leaders, the masses, colleagues and other units.

(7) Emotional control ability. Evaluate whether candidates can maintain emotional stability and restrain their reaction ability when they are strongly stimulated or in unfavorable situations.

(8) manners. Candidates' external dress, words and deeds. Check whether the candidates dress appropriately and conform to the general etiquette; Whether there are redundant actions, etc.

(9) Job hunting motivation. It refers to the internal psychological performance of directly promoting individual job hunting under certain demand. Investigate whether the purpose of personal job hunting is consistent with the conditions that can be provided by the proposed position, and the possibility of personal competence and stability in the job.

Besides, there are other qualities.

Third, the basic procedures of the interview

(A) determine the interview evaluation elements. According to the requirements of the post, this paper analyzes the proposed position and position, and puts forward several elements that should be evaluated. Mainly: language expression ability, adaptability, comprehensive analysis ability, interpersonal skills and so on.

(2) Choose the interview method. There are two main forms.

1. Structured interview: It refers to a systematic and structured interview method that designs a series of questions such as interview content, examination grading standards and grading methods, and most of them adopt this form. Among them, the regular interview refers to the interview method in which the examiner and the candidate face to face in the form of question and answer.

2. Scenario simulation interview: a widely used interview method. It is to set a certain simulation situation, requiring the testee to play a certain role and enter the role situation to deal with all kinds of affairs and problems and contradictions. One of the most important methods is file basket test, also known as file processing test, which requires candidates to process all kinds of documents, reports, letters, telephone records and other official documents related to specific leadership work within a specified time, and make corresponding evaluations. Second, there is no leading group discussion in the interview. It is a kind of evaluation technology that is often used in evaluation technology, and the candidates are interviewed collectively through scenario simulation. By giving a certain number of candidates a job-related question and letting them discuss it for a certain length of time, we can test the examination methods of candidates' various qualities.

Each interview method has its own characteristics and functions, and the appropriate method should be selected according to the factors of job evaluation.

(3) Customize interview questions. Organize expert propositions or put forward plans, sometimes from the question bank.

Select and train interviewers.

Three organizational forms: personnel department organization; The personnel department and the employing department are jointly established; The employing department organizes itself, and the examiner is selected by the department.

(five) the specific organization and implementation. Including interview examination room, waiting examination room, examination supplies, informing candidates of the interview time, drawing lots in advance to decide the interview order, etc.

Fourth, the basic strategies and skills of the three stages of interview

(A) the interview preparation stage should master the strategy

There is a preparation stage before the interview, which mainly includes two aspects of preparation.

1, image preparation: (students answer)

A. dress appropriately. Dressing is not only the external expression of one's aesthetics, but also one of the natural expressions. Everyone wears clothes to show an attitude, through which we can see a person's personality, temperament, occupation, hobbies and so on. The interview is a solemn occasion. As soon as candidates enter the interview examination room, the first impression given to the examiner is the appearance of clothes, so we must pay attention to choosing the right clothes. Generally speaking, men's clothes are required to be neat, fit and generous. When the weather is cold, it is advisable to wear a suit, but shirts and ties should be carefully selected and coordinated. The suit is mainly dark, such as dark gray, navy blue, black, etc., which is calm and responsible. When the weather is hot, just wear a white shirt, tie and pants. Don't wear more than three colors. A woman should dress neatly, fit and highlight her personality, which is in line with the nature of the position she is applying for. Women have many clothes to choose from, such as suits, jackets, shirts, pants and so on. It's best to wear a suit and skirt, and choose neutral color besides red, but the color should not be too bright, and it should be mainly monochrome to express kindness, nature and generosity. The examiner's criteria for judging clothes are: collocation and coordination, highlighting temperament and demeanor; Give people a sense of stability and trustworthiness without losing their personality. Therefore, the dress style in the interview should be concise, simple and unobtrusive.

B, properly decorated. According to the characteristics of the target position, modify it appropriately. Hair should be neat and clean. If you let your long hair block your sight during the interview, or fiddle with your hair often, it will leave a bad impression on the examiner. Men had better get a haircut and shave before the interview. A lady can wear a little makeup, but it should not be too thick or exaggerated, and it is not appropriate to wear heavy makeup and dress up beautifully.

2. Mental preparation. Candidates are inevitably nervous before and during the interview. In a tense and important interview, if the candidate can't calm down and calmly deal with it, it will often affect his whole interview performance, and even give up all his efforts, leading to the failure of the interview. In public, most people feel nervous, but a little nervousness, that is, proper nervousness, helps to concentrate. Speakers and artists realize that proper tension will improve the performance level. The best way to prevent excessive tension is to make full psychological preparation. We should have enough confidence, dare to compete to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, be psychologically prepared and tolerant of setbacks, and have a tenacious will to overcome fear, inferiority and stage fright. Secondly, there must be some psychological hints. Don't take the gains and losses of an interview too seriously, knowing that you are nervous and your opponent is not easy, and you may not be as good as you. We should have a mentality of not being surprised by success and not being depressed by failure. At the same time, although examiners and candidates are active and passive in the examination room, they are equal, which is reflected in the equality of personality and the balance of candidates' own mentality. There is a German proverb: "The prince standing at the top of the mountain and the farmer standing at the foot of the mountain are the same size in each other's eyes". Although candidates are in a passive position, they should also influence examiners through their own factors to achieve two-way communication. Again, take a deep breath, listen to music and tell jokes.

(B) the interview stage should master the strategy

Some people say that the first five minutes of a job interview is the most critical, while others say that whether you are hired or not depends on the first 60 seconds of the interview, which means that the interviewer's first impression on the examiner is very important, that is, the first cause effect, that is, the judgment and evaluation based on the impression generated by the first contact. Mainly comes from dressing appropriately, dressing appropriately, being generous and always smiling.

1, generous behavior (please demonstrate admission and comment)

Entering the door: it is often led by the staff. Pay attention to keep a natural and warm smile when you enter the door, which shows that you are relaxed and have positive emotional communication with the interviewer. Some interviewers bow deeply as soon as they enter the door, or wave around to say hello, which is not effective. Step into the examination room, hold your head high, stand upright, put your weight on your toes, swing your arms naturally, keep your eyes in contact with the examiner, and stand in front of the chair where the examinee is sitting. Take the initiative to greet the interviewer. After the interviewer asks you to sit down, say "thank you" and take a seat. When you sit down, don't plop down on the seat, or you will give people a feeling that it's none of your business. After taking a seat, don't sit too full. 1/2 or 2/3 just sit on the chair surface, with your feet on the ground smoothly and your hands on the table naturally, waiting for the examiner to ask questions. Avoid shaking hands and rummaging things in your hands; Legs and feet keep shaking, legs are lifted, etc.

2. Listen and read correctly and effectively

During the interview, I will say that I may not be able to answer the questions well, but I must learn to listen and read. So it is equally important to be able to listen, read and speak. Candidates need to master information from "listening" and "reading". If they don't listen attentively, it will leave a bad impression on the examiner and is not conducive to answering questions. Therefore, in the interview, you must show a strong interest, concentrate on listening to the examiner's speech, read the examination questions carefully, and don't be distracted by your own thoughts. Through listening and reading patiently, attentively and seriously, we can really understand the questions asked, get to the point of the pulse of the questions and find out the key words of the interview questions. Only by clarifying the meaning of the question can we grasp the center, which is the premise of accurate answer.

3. Be keen to answer the examiner's questions

The main contents of the interview are "questions" and "answers". During the interview, the examiner often tries his best to "set up a card" and must master the basic essentials in the answer.

Confirm the content of the question and avoid answering irrelevant questions. During the interview, the examiner asked so many questions that he didn't know where to answer them or what they meant. For unclear questions, he must make it clear in an appropriate way, ask the examiner to understand, and give more specific hints. For the examiner, instead of listening to your "irrelevant answer", it is better to have a more relaxed conversation when you understand the question, so as to know what it is but not why.

Calm and calm, not surprised by honor or disgrace. During the interview, the examiner asks some seemingly impolite or embarrassing pressure questions, which is intended to "severely attack the candidates" and deliberately make the candidates feel in a dilemma. Therefore, to examine your adaptability and adaptability in dealing with problems, you must remain calm, show reason, tolerance and generosity, and systematically discuss the core of the problem with the examiner. If the examiner asks questions, you have no idea how to answer them. Admit frankly that you don't know and apologize. The examiner said, "How come you don't even understand such a simple thing?" What will you do at this time? Admitting that you don't understand means studying hard in the future to make up for the shortcomings.

Correctly judge the examiner's intention and prescribe the right medicine. Some questions are sensitive, and the examiner will ask you, "What do people around you think of this problem?" Note that most of what you say is your own opinion. Sometimes the examiner will use projection test, which is to measure people's thinking method.

Show firm confidence. For example, "you have a problem at work and you discuss it with your boss." He thinks you need further training for this special problem in your work, which means you have to leave home for a month to go to a foreign institution for training. Your family life is very important to you, and your children will be hospitalized during this time. How will you answer the requirements of your superiors? " Please try to answer. We should show firm confidence in this question. There are three behaviors: submission, rudeness and self-confidence. )

4. Speak clearly and carefully.

In the interview, oral expression is of great significance to the success of the exam. A word is worth a thousand pounds. The language is going to break. For example, when Sumitomo Bank of Japan recruited public relations personnel, it asked a question, "What countermeasures do you take when the national interests conflict with the interests of Sumitomo Bank?" (3) Another example is, "An agent of a foreign company came to our city with a huge sum of money to find a suitable investment object. As the negotiator of our city, what steps have you taken to win this investment? " Understand the background materials, make an appointment for the meeting time and place, use other languages, and try to leave an image.

Use spoken English well. Oral English in interview is limited by time, place, object and subject. In the meantime, now the interviews are one after another. If the answers are all the same, the examiner will be bored or even bored and won't get high marks. Only when the speaker says something that makes people shine can he attract the attention of the examiner. We should try our best to impress each other with every word we say, and truly be "not surprised by swearing". Once, in the interview of leading cadres, "Are you a good listener?" Such a question (the student answers). A candidate replied, "God gave me two ears and one mouth, which means people listen more and talk less. I don't believe in God, but I believe I am a good listener. " Do it: first, the theme should be clear. Second, the expression should be logical. The third is the elegance of words. Fourth, strong expressive force, moderate speed, intermittent and orderly, high and low harmony. Don't grab words, talk less, repeatedly recover, go to extremes, repeatedly use certain sentences to express, seize phrases and expand the scope of quotations.

5. Pay attention to the confession of body language

Body language, also known as body language, is a language form that uses expressions, actions and postures to express ideas and convey information. Although it is a silent language, it has the same clear meaning and expressive function as spoken language, and sometimes even spoken language can't achieve its effect, that is, "what is said in silence is even more than what they say in voice". According to expert research, in interpersonal communication, 65-80% of information is communicated through body language.

Sign language: Gestures are accompanied by spoken language, which can make up for the deficiency of spoken language, assist expression, and be consistent with thoughts and feelings. Too many complicated gestures without paying attention to posture are vulgar and lack of elegance. There are often some bad actions in the interview, such as putting your index finger on your cheek when listening, touching the back of your hand when talking, scratching your head when answering questions, or unconsciously grabbing your skirt, covering your mouth and touching your nose.

Body language: refers to the language that expresses emotions and conveys information through body posture and movements. It mainly includes sitting posture, standing posture and walking posture, which have been mentioned when entering the arena.

Eye language: Eye language is the most infectious expression language. In the interview, candidates are often one person to multiple examiners. In this case, they should face up to the examiners and move their eyes from left to right and from right to left in time, so as to achieve the effect of communicating with all examiners at the same time and avoid snubbing every examiner.

At the same time, always smile, as the saying goes: "Laughter takes three points, and the ceremony has gone ahead." Smile is a wordless answer, which plays a very subtle role and must run through the whole process of exam-oriented answer.

6. Reasonable allocation of time. Sometimes some questions are answered too long or too short, which often affects the quality of the answers. We must allocate the time for answering questions reasonably and be aware of it.

(C) strategies to be mastered at the end of the interview

1, sense words and judge the timing.

In the closing stage, the examiner looks more free and relaxed, the meaning of "investigation" will be significantly reduced, and the tone of speech will be softer. Examiners often say: my question is over, there is still time. Do you have anything to ask or say? Pay attention to the examiner's hints. If the examiner is joking, you can say more. If the examiner looks tired, end the question as soon as possible and take the initiative to tell you that the question is over. According to the research of relevant experts, it is often the first impression (first cause effect) and the final overall feeling (recency effect, which mainly depends on the recent performance of candidates in the examiner's memory as the evaluation basis) that can leave a deep impression on the examiner. We must seize the last chance and leave a good impression on the examiner.

2. Reaffirm your qualifications and job hunting desire.

We should create conditions and opportunities to reaffirm our qualifications. It is necessary to outline your qualifications suitable for the position, fully demonstrate your self-confidence, and express your willingness to apply for a job to the examiner, with sincerity and affection.

3. Cooperate with the examiner and naturally end the exam.

Candidates should fully cooperate with the examiner and must let the examiner consciously end the interview. Candidates should not be smart enough to offer to end the interview, nor should they give any hints and reminders to the examiner, let alone show signs of being eager to leave. When you leave, smile, say thank you for giving yourself this interview opportunity, and then say goodbye.

Fifth, the answering skills of common interview questions

"People should have self-knowledge". As an examiner, you need to know yourself and your views on other issues, so there are many interview questions. At present, the interview is generally limited to 15- 20 minutes each, and 3-4 questions are answered.

(a) proposed position

1. mock test: many people applied for this position this time. What advantages or disadvantages do you think compared with others? (Student answers)

Again, the strong will have no weak soldiers. As a deputy, what should you do to become a "Qiang Bing" and make a strong general attach importance to you and trust you?

Advantages: Excellent characteristics and advantages related to the position you are applying for, such as diligent study, strong collective concept, good at analyzing problems and strong interpersonal communication skills.

Disadvantages: we must "avoid reality and be empty" and talk about some insignificant shortcomings, instead of being too frank about the major defects in our ability structure, such as insufficient study, stubbornness and impatience at work. )

2, answering skills: self-evaluation should be moderate, not insufficient and excessive, sincere but not pretentious, confident but not conceited.

Relationship problems

1, simulation test: "Hedgehog theory" holds that hedgehogs keep their needles together to keep out the cold in winter, and keep a certain distance between them. If the distance is too small, it will hurt each other, and if the distance is too large, it will not play a role in keeping out the cold. This theory vividly shows that communication between superiors and subordinates must grasp a certain degree. How do you think to grasp this "degree"? (Student answers)

Leaders pay attention to communication with subordinates, and leaders should strengthen emotional communication with subordinates, but they must prevent themselves from being influenced by personal feelings. There should be more "friends of gentlemen" and less "friends of wine and meat" between superiors and subordinates, and they should be close and restrained.

2, answering skills: generally divided into three aspects: First, no matter what the situation, it must be conducive to work; Secondly, communicate with superior leaders; Third, communicate with colleagues and subordinates without any ambiguous relationship. When dealing with interpersonal relationships, especially the relationship between superiors and subordinates, we must be conscious and obedient, and our work should be in place and not offside.

(3) Comprehensive analysis questions

1, mock exam: Zhou Enlai once said that Liu Bocheng's work style is relaxed, while Deng Xiaoping's work style is relaxed. What kind of work style do you think is good and why? Or after you receive a job task, are you willing to solve it quickly or try to be safe, think more and take your time? Why? (Student answers)

In other words, some leaders emphasize the process rather than the result, while others emphasize the result rather than the process. Which one do you like?

(Treat specific problems in a specific way, and make a strong explanation through selection).

2, answering skills: this kind of topic is the most common, but also the most difficult to prepare, often has two sides, only from one side analysis will be quite biased. Therefore, these questions need comprehensive analysis from different angles and comprehensive and specific answers. Generally adopted, such as how ancient, how modern, and how leading cadres should be; Or what is right or wrong is what a leading cadre should do; Both sides are right, and the specific situation takes different ways. It is more scientific to combine the two methods, and you can also use reasonable evidence, theory and practice, virtual reality or comparative reasoning to clarify your point of view. In short, it is necessary to analyze specific problems. It should also be clear that the answer is not unique, and self-justification is the most important. At the same time, we should master the knowledge of national policies and leadership science.

Six, interview crisis and resolving skills

In the interview process, candidates will encounter difficulties and embarrassing situations, and how to effectively resolve them needs to be dealt with.

(a) said the wrong thing

It is easy for people to put their foot in their mouth when they are nervous. Once, the examiner asked the examinee "What do you think …", and the nervous examinee replied "I think …". The wise way to deal with it is to keep calm. If you make a mistake, you won't hurt the overall situation, and you can't offend people. You can continue to deal with it as if nothing had happened. If saying the wrong thing is more important, or it will offend people, we should correct and apologize at an appropriate time. It takes a lot of courage and skill to make up for mistakes after making them.

(2) Silence

The examiner may keep silent for a long time intentionally or unintentionally. A good way to deal with it is to prepare some appropriate words or questions in advance, or continue to talk according to the previous conversation.

(3) Encounter problems that you don't understand

If you encounter a problem that you don't understand or don't understand, bite the bullet and talk casually or try to avoid it. It's better to admit it frankly and say, "I don't know enough about this problem, so it seems that I need to strengthen my study of this knowledge in the future" or "I wonder if this is what you want to know?" To solve the problems encountered.