Gongyi bauxite field

Gongyi Bauxite is located in gongyi city, southwest of Shang Jie District, Zhengzhou City, with an area of about 40km2, which is away from Shang Jie District 17-35km, including Zhulingou, Chadian, Shuitou, Dayugou, Zhong Ling and other deposits. It is the first important bauxite field to be surveyed, explored and mined after the founding of New China.

Gongyi bauxite belongs to karst shallow-sea sedimentary bauxite in the middle and lower part of Benxi series of Carboniferous, which occurs on the erosion surface of Majiagou limestone in Middle Ordovician. It is a large-scale ore field with stable thickness and grade change and simple structure. The thickness of aluminous rock series is 8- 16m, and there are 3-4 industrial coal seams. The ore bodies are lenticular and layered. The main ore body is 2500-5300m long, 200-2100m wide and 0.54-9.3 1 m thick, with an average Al-Si ratio of 4.2-5. The ore with Al/Si ratio of 7 accounts for only 5.2% of the total reserves, so most of them are grade IV-V ores.

The ore field was discovered in May 1950. At that time, in order to cooperate with the gradual development of industrial construction, the People's Government of Henan Province specially invited two professors, Feng Jinglan and Zhang Bosheng, to investigate geology and mineral resources in Henan. Professor Feng, Professor Zhang and the personnel of Henan Geological Survey formed the Western Henan Mineral Investigation Team, with a total number of 65,438+00. From May 10 to May 30, the mineral survey team in western Henan was divided into two groups. Zhang Bosheng and other eight people made an investigation on the geology and mineral resources in Gongxian (199 1 changed to gongyi city) from May 20th to 30th, focusing on coal and iron. However, the actual investigation results show that the iron mine is Shanxi-style and can only be mined on a small scale. Unexpectedly, bauxite was discovered in the process of iron ore exploration. Zhang Bosheng vividly described the process of discovery. He wrote: "Every time I go to the mine kiln ... I see a lot of yellow, brown and gray mud fragments scattered on the hillside, some are bean-shaped, some are earthy and some are stone-shaped, which shows that it is an aluminum mine. According to Han Yingshan, who participated in the western Henan mineral investigation team, it was afternoon after the investigation team arrived at Xiaoguan. After the resettlement, Zhang Bosheng said that he would go out for a walk, so he saw the aluminum mine in the ditch of Xiaoguan Village. At that time, no one knew about aluminum mines except Professor Zhang Bosheng. Zhang Bosheng said: This is an aluminum mine. We didn't know until we saw it. After the discovery of aluminum ore, the investigation team made a preliminary trace and made a geological sketch map of 1∶25000 minerals. The area of iron and aluminum layer in Xiaoguan area and related villages is about 65 square kilometers. 1August, 1950, a brief report on mineral resources in xingyungong county was compiled, pointing out that bauxite reserves should be above100000 tons, and more discoveries were made after in-depth investigation. On the basis of this brief report, Zhang Bosheng compiled a report entitled "Xiaoguancun Coalfield and Fe-Al Mine in Gong County". Included in "Investigation Report on Geology and Mineral Resources in Western Henan" published by 1952.

Regarding the investigation of Gongxian aluminum mine led by Zhang Bosheng, Feng Jinglan pointed out in the Summary of Geological and Mineral Investigation in Western Henan: "The bauxite produced by Shanxi-style iron ore is widely distributed and has large reserves, which will be an important resource for aluminum smelting when there is sufficient electricity in the future." But "which floor can be used and which floor can't be used? How many and how big are the aluminum-rich layers? How much recoverable aluminum ore reserves are needed is worthy of further detailed study. "

Zhang Bosheng and his party discovered bauxite deposits in Gongxian County, and roughly delineated its distribution range, which is one of the most important achievements of this geological and mineral survey in western Henan Province.

The discovery of bauxite immediately attracted the attention of the Ministry of Industry of the Central South Military and Political Commission. From September of the same year to 65438+February, Yang Zhongheng, Cao Shilu, Li Shengsi and others were sent to investigate. 1951May, Central South Geological Survey was established. 195 1 year 1 1 month to1June, 952, Cao Shilu, Li Shengsi, Xie Enze, Pan Yichang and others were sent by the Central South Geological Survey to conduct a general survey of bauxite in Gongxian County. After these two investigations and general surveys, it is considered that the iron-aluminum rock series belongs to the middle and lower Carboniferous, and the ore-bearing strata are divided into six layers. The 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th floors belong to bauxite, especially the 5th floor commonly known as "livid stone". In the Survey Report of Geology and Mineral Resources in Western Henan, the Geological Report of Gongxian Bauxite, edited by Cao Shilu, is attached. Five test results are attached to the report: Al2O3 66.5438+0%-72.80%; SiO 29.64%— 14.90%； fe2o 30.90%—2.95%； The ratio of aluminum to silicon is 4.47-7.55, and the estimated surface reserves are 21.800 million tons, which preliminarily affirms the value of Gongxian bauxite in terms of grade and quantity.

After the value of bauxite in Gongxian county was initially affirmed, the Iron and Steel Industry Administration of the Ministry of Heavy Industry sent its resource exploration team, Area 3, to explore the refractory clay in Dayugou area from June 5438 to September 0953. Area 3 of the resource exploration team submitted a summary report on the fine investigation and exploration of Dayugou refractory clay mine from September 65438 to September 0954, and obtained a hard refractory clay reserve of 2965438.

Bauxite exploration for aluminum smelting was started by 4 17 exploration team. 1954165438+10. In October, the Central South Geological Bureau set up a 4 17 exploration team in Gongxian County. With Zhang Zhifu as the team leader and Cao Shilu as the technical director, the exploration was carried out in Huoshiling and Zhulinggou. At the beginning of 1955, the Central South Geological Bureau assigned the 4 17 exploration team the task of "submitting150,000 tons of industrial raw materials for aluminum smelting, grinding, bauxite cement and refractories". The field work of this exploration was completed in195565438+February, and Cao Shilu was transferred to Guizhou, Yang Zhijia was transferred to write the report, and Pan Yichang was the main data collector. The report was completed in May of 1956 and approved by the State Reserve Committee in September of 1. * * * The proven bauxite industrial reserve is 24.22 million tons, with prospective reserves of 165438+ 10,000 tons, and * * * flux limestone reserves of10.00 million tons. The grade of bauxite is Ⅲ-ⅴ, and the grade is Al2O3 64.7%. SiO 2 14.00%； The ratio of aluminum to silicon is 4.40. The semi-industrial test results show that high-grade ore can be treated by Bayer process and low-grade ore can be treated by combined process, and there is no difficulty in production technology. This deposit is the first large bauxite deposit in industrial reserve after exploration in China.

The field exploration of Zhulingou and Huoshiling bauxite mines has just ended. 4 17 exploration team started from 1 month 1956, and continued to explore in Chadian mining area on the east side of Zhulingou for one year, and ended its field work on 1956. 1956 April 4 17 exploration team was renamed Gongxian bauxite exploration team. Report submitted in April 1957. Industrial reserve13.82 million tons of bauxite was obtained, with a prospective reserve of 2.33 million tons. Refractory clay reserves/kloc-0.066 million tons, flux limestone reserves 3.52 million tons. The aluminum-silicon ratio of bauxite is 4.2. The Geological Exploration Report of Gongxian Bauxite Chadian District not only submitted a medium-sized bauxite mine, but also was the first report of a large-scale hard refractory clay mine in Henan Province.

1 July 9571Gongxian Bauxite Exploration Team was renamed Gongxian Geological Team. 1In April, 958, the geological exploration reports of Shuitou mining area east of Chadian and Zhong Ling mining area west of Zhulinggou were submitted. Bauxite in industrial reserve has been proved to be12.78 million tons and 7170,000 tons, respectively, with aluminum-silicon ratios of 5 and 4.7. The reserves of refractory clay are 4.9 million tons and 6.49 million tons respectively, and the reserves of flux limestone are 6.24 million tons and 6.5438+0.65438+0.37 million tons respectively. By 1958, the accumulated bauxite in Gongxian reached 57.99 million tons in industrial reserve. Meet the requirements of the relevant departments to accumulate proven reserves of 50 million tons to establish an aluminum industrial base.

During the exploration in Chadian, Shuitou and Zhong Ling mining areas, Zhang Zhifu was still the captain of the geological team, and Pan Yichang was the technical director and report writer.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that during the exploration of Zhulingou and Chad mining areas, various geological work was guided and helped by Soviet experts Kurshakov and Lebedittsev. The geological survey of the ore field and its surrounding areas was mainly completed by interns from Beijing Institute of Geology led by Huo Chengyu during the exploration in Shuitou and Zhong Ling.

Before the founding of New China, there was no aluminum industry in China. 1954, an alumina plant with an annual output of only 30,000 tons was built in Zhangdian, Shandong Province. 1958, in the situation that the country urgently needed to establish and develop aluminum industry, it was decided to use Gongxian bauxite resources to build a large Zhengzhou aluminum plant. Zhengzhou Aluminum Factory, located in Shang Jie, originally belonged to Xingyang, and was later transferred to Zhengzhou to form Shang Jie District. Considering the overall needs of mine planning and mining, Dagugou refractory clay mine was transformed into aluminum mine on 1960, and Shecun area was used as a refractory raw material base. Zhengzhou Aluminum Plant 1965 was put into operation, with an annual output of 200,000 tons of alumina, and the annual output of 1990 reached 620,000 tons. Since it was put into production, the output of alumina has been ranked first in China from 65438 to 0990, and Zhengzhou Shang Jie has become an important aluminum industrial base in China.

The discovery of Gongyi bauxite shows the importance of introducing talents and technology. There was a mineral survey here in the past, and bauxite was widely distributed on the surface, but it was not found, because the investigators of Henan geological prospecting did not know bauxite. However, it is different to invite Professor Feng and Professor Zhang to form a mineral investigation team together with the personnel of Henan Geological Survey. Because Zhang Bosheng knows bauxite, and after a preliminary investigation, he comes to the conclusion that it has more reserves than Shaanxi-type iron ore, which has attracted the attention of relevant departments. So it is a good experience to introduce necessary talents and scientific and technological knowledge. Among them, inviting famous scholars from this province to visit other places to improve the level of this province is an important content of introducing talents and scientific and technological knowledge, which has a positive effect.

The discovery of Gongyi bauxite also shows that the timing of discovery is very important. Bauxite was discovered in Xiuwen area of Guizhou during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, but it was not developed and utilized quickly. The discovery of Gongyi bauxite was in the early days of the founding of New China. At this time, everything is in ruins, and the almost blank aluminum industry in China needs to be established and developed urgently. Therefore, it is put into exploration and development in time. The period from discovery to exploration is short, and by 1958, four mining areas have been explored, which have become important aluminum resource bases, and the construction of mines and aluminum plants will be carried out soon. Gongyi bauxite was discovered in time, earlier than Xin 'an and Mianchi in Henan, Xiaoyi, Yangquan and Pinglu in Shanxi. These mines were discovered in or after 1958, and some of them are larger or better in quality than Gongyi bauxite. However, because they were discovered a little later, Zhengzhou was chosen as the site of a large aluminum factory in the north, which enabled Zhengzhou to have the largest aluminum factory in the country and effectively promoted the development of Zhengzhou. From this point of view, it is very important to find the time of a mineral field and deposit and grasp the opportunity from its exploration to the establishment of a factory.