Comprehensive data of orthopedics

The Department of Orthopaedics is a professional orthopedic journal jointly sponsored by tongji hospital, affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and approved by the State Press and Publication Administration for public distribution at home and abroad. Founded in 1964. Basic introduction Chinese name: Orthopaedics foreign name: Orthopaedics language: Chinese category: publishing, Competent unit of medical journals: Hubei Provincial Health Department Organizer: tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Branch of Chinese Medical Association Editor: Editorial Department of Orthopaedics. Date of publication: 1964 publishing cycle: quarterly domestic issue number: CN： 42-1799/R/R international issue number: ISSN： 1674-8573 mailing code: 38-26 Pricing: 6. yuan. 24. yuan/year place of publication: Wuhan, Hubei Province, discipline, introduction, orthopedics, development of orthopedics, common orthopedic diseases, specific information, cervical spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, equipment, classification, orthopedic soft fixation function branch, examination and treatment, periodicals, collection, main columns, readers, development and purpose, orthopedic magazine catalogue, discipline introduction Orthopedics is the most common in major hospitals. With the change of the times and society, the spectrum of orthopedic injuries has changed obviously, for example, diseases such as bone and joint tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and polio have decreased significantly, and injuries caused by traffic accidents have increased significantly. The change of orthopedic injury spectrum requires orthopedics to keep pace with the times. Orthopedics Orthopedics is also called Orthopedic Surgery. It is a major or discipline of medicine, specializing in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of skeletal muscle system, maintaining and developing the normal shape and function of this system by using drugs, surgery and physical methods, and treating the injuries of this system. Osteology is also called orthopedic surgery. It is a major or discipline of medicine, specializing in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of skeletal muscle system, maintaining and developing the normal shape and function of this system by using drugs, surgery and physical methods, and treating the injuries of this system. With the development and progress of science and technology, orthopedics has made great progress in diagnosis and treatment. With the establishment and development of hand surgery, the diagnosis and treatment technology of hand injury has been popularized and improved rapidly. With the extensive development of microsurgery, it is no longer a myth to anastomose and release the nerve bundle and the anastomosis between .2mm arterioles in multi-toe free reconstruction hand. The new surgical treatment of scoliosis, cervical spondylosis and cervical stenosis has achieved good bone science results; Various effective surgical procedures for arthritis patients have enabled patients who have been bedridden for many years to stand up again; The treatment of malignant bone tumor has developed from single amputation to comprehensive treatment, which has improved the cure rate and survival rate of surgery. The clinical application of knee arthroscopy not only solves the diagnosis of some difficult joint diseases, but also realizes the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. With the development of materials science, some complex fractures can also be treated with internal fixation. The function and performance of artificial joints and artificial vertebral bodies are also more perfect. In a word, the development of bone science is inseparable from the development of basic medicine, especially experimental medicine and material science. With the change of the times and society, the spectrum of orthopedic injuries has changed obviously, for example, the diseases such as bone and joint tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and polio have decreased obviously, the trauma caused by traffic accidents has increased obviously, the aging of population, the increase of fractures caused by senile osteoporosis, the increase of joint diseases in orthopedics, the influence of environmental factors, the corresponding increase of bone tumors and rheumatoid arthritis and so on. The change of orthopedic injury spectrum requires that the focus of orthopedic research and prevention and treatment must adapt to this change, which also determines the future development direction of orthopedics. The development of modern science requires not only fine division of disciplines, but also multi-disciplinary cooperation, so does the development of orthopedics. The future development of orthopedics requires not only paying more attention to the combination with basic medicine, but also making full use of advanced scientific and technological achievements. For example, to further improve the function of artificial joints, it is necessary to rely on the development of materials science and apply the new achievements of materials science to orthopedics clinic in time, which will raise the level of diagnosis and treatment of orthopedics to a new height. After the liberation of the development of orthopedics, orthopedics in China has developed rapidly and greatly, and many hospitals affiliated to medical colleges, provincial and municipal hospitals, PLA headquarters and general hospitals in military regions have established orthopedics in succession. Tianjin established an orthopedic hospital led by Professor Fang Xianzhi. In 1957, Professor Meng was appointed as the dean of the newly-built Jishuitan Hospital, and established a large trauma orthopedic hospital in China. In Shanghai, Professor Tu Kaiyuan from the Second Military Medical University led the Shanghai Emergency Surgery Hospital to treat orthopedic and brain trauma patients. The establishment of orthopaedics in hospitals all over the country requires a large number of orthopedic surgeons. Therefore, Professor Fang Xianzhi founded an orthopedic refresher course in Tianjin Orthopaedic Hospital in 1953. By the time Professor Fang Xianzhi died in 1968, * * * held 15 sessions to train more than 6 orthopedic surgeons all over the country, and has been holding classes ever since. Beijing jishuitan hospital also holds orthopedic refresher courses every year to train orthopedic surgeons for the whole country. In 1979, the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army successively set up more than ten specialized centers for orthopedics and traumatology in the affiliated hospitals, general hospitals and central hospitals of military medical universities, and some orthopedic centers were also set up in various provinces, and orthopedic training offices were set up one after another to train orthopedic doctors, which promoted the development of orthopedic teams. Now, China is one of the countries with the largest number of orthopedic surgeons in the world. The 12th Orthopedic Academic Conference of Chinese Medical Association and the 5th COA International Academic Conference sponsored by Chinese Medical Association and Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association were held in Chengdu Century City New International Convention and Exhibition Center from November 11 to 14, 21. This session is the fifth COA international academic conference after Beijing, Zhengzhou, Suzhou and Xiamen. The conference will focus on the research achievements made in the field of orthopedics at home and abroad in the past year, reflecting the latest technical and clinical progress in spine, trauma, joints, arthroscopy and sports medicine, bone tumors, osteoporosis, ankle surgery, nursing and so on. The conference will be held in four forms: international venue, special lecture, conference report and exhibition board. Qiu Guixing, chairman of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and chairman of this conference, gave a welcome speech. He pointed out that the successful holding of COA marked that the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association had found a specialized development path suitable for China's national conditions in China, taking "orthopedic doctors" as the foundation, shaping "academic orthopedics, standardized orthopedics, harmonious orthopedics and humanistic orthopedics" to better serve the general public. Common orthopedic diseases include patella fracture, ulnar nerve injury, congenital coxa varus, replantation of severed fingers, interphalangeal neuralgia, fracture of posterior external tubercle of talus, thumb reconstruction, congenital absence of tibia, stiffness, infectious costal chondritis, temporomandibular joint ankylosis, rheumatic fever, orbital blowout fracture, hamstring tendinitis, metatarsophalangeal joint pain, posterior tibial neuralgia and anterior achilles tendon. Specific information of patella fracture (1) Fracture: clavicle fracture, acromioclavicular joint dislocation, shoulder joint dislocation, humeral surgical neck fracture, humeral shaft fracture, humeral supracondylar fracture, elbow joint dislocation, radial head subluxation, forearm double fracture and lower radius fracture; Hip dislocation, femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, femoral shaft fracture, patella dislocation, patella fracture, knee ligament injury, knee meniscus injury, tibial plateau fracture, tibia and fibula shaft fracture, ankle fracture, ankle sprain and foot fracture; Fracture of spine and pelvis. Organization chart of human body (2) pyogenic infection of bones and joints: pyogenic osteomyelitis (acute, chronic, localized, sclerosing, post-traumatic) and pyogenic arthritis. (3) Bone and joint tuberculosis: spinal tuberculosis, hip tuberculosis and knee tuberculosis. (4) Non-suppurative arthritis: osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Kaschin-Beck disease, and dendrolimus arthritis. (5) Bone tumor: benign bone tumor (osteoma, osteoid osteoma, chondroma), giant cell tumor of bone, primary malignant bone tumor (osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma of bone, Ewing sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloma, chordoma), metastatic bone tumor, tumor-like lesion of bone (bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma of bone, bone fiber). (6) Hyperplasia: Hyperplasia is a disease in which bone destruction occurs due to the degeneration and degeneration of soft tissues such as cartilage, intervertebral disc and ligament, the formation of bone spurs at the joint edge, synovial hypertrophy and other changes, resulting in secondary hyperostosis, joint deformation, joint pain, limited activity and other symptoms when subjected to abnormal load. There are two kinds: primary and secondary. (7) Rheumatism: Rheumatoid arthritis, also known as rheumatoid arthritis, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with chronic, symmetrical, synovial arthritis and extra-articular lesions as its main clinical manifestations. The disease usually occurs in small joints such as hands, wrists and feet, with repeated attacks and symmetrical distribution. Cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical syndrome, is a general term for cervical osteoarthritis, proliferative cervicitis, cervical nerve root syndrome and cervical disc herniation, and it is a disease based on degenerative pathological changes. Mainly due to long-term strain of cervical vertebra, hyperosteogeny, or prolapse of intervertebral disc and thickening of ligament, the cervical spinal cord, nerve root or vertebral artery are compressed, resulting in a series of clinical syndromes of dysfunction. It is characterized by degeneration of cervical intervertebral disc itself and a series of secondary pathological changes, such as instability and loosening of vertebral segments; Protrusion or prolapse of nucleus pulposus; Bone spur formation; Ligament hypertrophy and secondary spinal stenosis stimulate or compress the adjacent nerve roots, spinal cord, vertebral artery and cervical sympathetic nerve, and cause various symptoms and signs of syndrome. Ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease with systemic immunity. Its early symptoms are pain in sacroiliac joint, low back, hip or large joint, accompanied by low back stiffness. Therefore, many people think that ankylosing spondylitis is an orthopedic disease. However, this is not the case. It is found that the tissues and organs involved in patients with ankylosing spondylitis are systemic, such as eyes, heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs. The positive rate of HLA-B27 is as high as 9%, and the immunoglobulin of some patients with ankylosing spondylitis is increased, and it is effective to treat ankylosing spondylitis with immunosuppressants in clinical treatment. All the above facts support that the disease is a systemic and immune disease, but its main manifestation is bone lesions. Generally, there are the following types of equipment: two "C" arm X-ray machines, advanced equipment for minimally invasive surgery of cervical and lumbar intervertebral discs such as plasma radiofrequency ablation machine, laser and ozone generator, and various physical therapy instruments and other equipment. Orthopedics Internal Fixation Plate Trauma Orthopedics takes bone and joint injuries, bone tumors and various complex fractures of limbs as its clinical task and research direction, and adopts internationally advanced AO and BO theory and technology to treat a large number of patients with fractures of spine, pelvis and limbs, and has achieved satisfactory clinical results. Spinal surgery has successfully carried out the surgical treatment of spinal tumors, cervical and lumbar disc herniation, as well as minimally invasive surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis and lumbar disc herniation. Hand and foot surgery has successfully carried out surgical treatments such as amputated limbs, replantation of severed fingers, functional reconstruction, plastic surgery and transplantation of various skin flaps all over the body. The application of orthopedic soft fixation functional braces makes it possible to recover after bone and joint injuries. Brace, also known as orthosis, is an external support device aimed at alleviating the dysfunction of limbs, spine and skeletal muscle system. The functions of the brace are: 1. Stability and support; 2. Fixed function; 3. Protection function; 4. Power-assisted (line) function; 5. Prevent and correct deformity; 6. Load-bearing function. Orthopedic soft-fixation functional support Orthopedic soft-fixation functional support is an advanced treatment and auxiliary treatment method in the world today, and it is an important part of the world's advanced medical level. Compared with the traditional treatment methods, the orthopedic soft fixation brace is convenient to use, has better treatment effect, helps patients to resume exercise and return to work early, has the conformability stability of plaster fixation, and can also avoid the side effects such as muscle atrophy and itchy skin caused by plaster (including other polymer materials). It conforms to the treatment principle of "combining static and dynamic, paying equal attention to bones and muscles, treating both internal and external problems, and cooperating with doctors and patients", and provides a safe and reliable treatment method for orthopedic doctors, which not only brings the medical standard into line with the international advanced level, but also ensures the quality and effect of surgery and avoids medical disputes. China's DROP-LOCK adjustable knee brace, ACL/PCL special brace, adjustable cervical traction brace, adjustable elbow brace, ankle brace, etc. have effectively promoted the development of non-surgical treatment of bone and joint diseases and injuries and the recovery of motor function after joint surgery, and have shown their advantages in treatment. Examination, treatment and examination (1) With the increasing popularity of X-ray machines, clinicians often ignore the importance of pathological examination. In fact, there are many fractures and osteopathy. As long as they are carefully examined, they can often get a correct diagnosis, and even make up for the shortcomings of X-ray examination, such as subluxation of the lower radioulnar joint, which is often not shown on X-ray films because of the angle of projection, but it is not difficult to diagnose during physical examination. (2) Don't focus on the patient's main complaint during the examination, and don't show a very limited small area. Local observation is often not comprehensive enough, and enough scope should be revealed to avoid missed diagnosis. The examination should be comprehensive and focused, and pay attention to posture, posture, skin, joint swelling and gait as needed. In palpation, the technique should be gentle, and the bone rubbing sound should not be forced to diagnose the fracture, which is usually obtained unintentionally when transporting the wounded. (3) Examination of joint activity is an important part of orthopedic examination. It must be understood that the motion direction of joints is usually described by three planes, namely sagittal plane, coronal plane and transverse plane. The movements along these three planes are extension-flexion, abduction-adduction and internal rotation-external rotation respectively. Various types of joint goniometers can accurately record the range of joint activity. (4) Measuring muscle strength and measuring limbs is another important content. Muscle strength is divided into ~ 5 grades. Measuring limbs includes length and circumference, and there are two methods: analogy method and tape measure method. (5) In the case of neurovascular injury, the nervous system and blood vessels shall be examined. There are also various special inspection methods, which are described in the relevant content. Minimally invasive treatment Minimally invasive treatment is an advanced treatment method to dissolve the prominent nucleus pulposus and reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc by applying laser, radio frequency and ozone under local anesthesia. So as to relieve the compression of the herniated intervertebral disc on the spinal cord and nerve roots and achieve the therapeutic purpose. Journal Collection Orthopedics is now the statistical source of China Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database, and has been cited by China Biomedical Journal Citation Database -CMCI, Chinese Sci-tech Journal Database, China Biological Literature Database, China Core Journal (Selection) Database, China Biological Digest, China Academic Journal (CD-ROM Edition), Chinese Biomedical Journal Literature Database -CMCC, etc. The main columns include treatise, experience introduction, experimental research, expert review, expert written talk, clinical case (theory) discussion, summary and lecture.