Zhu Ruzhen's life

Born in the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1870), his father died young and his family was poor. But he is intelligent, studious, and his rich in-laws support him to study and take the exam. After being admitted to the county school as an excellent student, he entered Guangya College.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he was the first in Bagong and the 11th in Beijing.

Guangxu was appointed as the secretariat of Beijing by the imperial court in the twenty-fourth year, and was named "seven-grade small Beijing official", and was promoted to the position of six-grade principal of the Ministry of Punishment.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), he got the provincial examination.

In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), palace examination, a scholar, walked in the study of Patent South and played the editing and editing of imperial academy.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), he was selected to study law at Hosei University in Tokyo, Japan.

In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), he returned to China after graduating from Hosei University in Tokyo, Japan.

Xuantongyuannian (1909) was sent to various commercial ports in China to investigate modern business operation habits, and submitted hundreds of thousands of words of investigation reports.

In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), the Qing Dynasty held the first recruitment examination for judges and appointed them as examiners in Guizhou. One day in March of Xuantong Yuannian (1909), Suzhou Railway Station, which had just been open to traffic for three years, welcomed a group of honest officials with flowers and feathers, led by a middle-aged man with elegant manners. There is a sedan chair waiting outside the railway station. They got into the sedan chair, crossed the Qianli Bridge and entered the ancient city from Nagato. Middle-aged officials got off the sedan chair and got off it. Who is this official? What is his relationship with Suzhou? Through the relevant files, the author reveals the secret for you.

The middle-aged official was Zhu Ruzhen, the second in the last imperial examination in China history. Speaking of his scientific research, it is quite legendary. It turned out that Zhu Ruzhen should have been the top scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, but she missed it because of her name and place of origin. According to the usual practice, after reading and evaluating all the candidates' papers, the examiner of the court exam (1904) selected 10 papers from 273 candidates who took the exam, sorted them and presented them to Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Dowager Cixi opened the examination paper of Zhu Ruzhen, who was listed as the "top scholar" by the examiner, and saw that the words were smooth and gorgeous, but the font was rough and regular script. After reading it, she couldn't help shaking her head again and again, because Empress Dowager Cixi always preferred sparse and fresh fonts. When she saw that Zhu Ru was really born in Guangdong, she suddenly felt a sense of disgust. Guangdong is a place she hates and is synonymous with rebellion. Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, the reformist leaders, and Sun Yat-sen, who held high the anti-Qing banner. The word "true" in Zhu Ruzhen's name reminds Lafayette of the imperial concubine who was forced to death by him and supported the reform of Emperor Guangxu. The word "Zhu Ruzhen" suddenly touched the sensitive nerves of Cixi, so the door to the top scholar was closed to this unfortunate talented person who was full of knowledge and skills. At the same time, Cixi took a fancy to the name Liu Chunlin, who was also from Suning, Zhili (now Hebei). She thinks the name has auspicious signs. The word "spring rain" contains the meaning of spring breeze and rain, which coincides with drought and longs for a spring rain. In addition, Suning is located in the capital city area, so Galeries Lafayette made a big circle, and Liu Chunlin changed from the original second place to the top one, so Zhu Ruzhen had to take the second place.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Zhu Ruzhen was selected to study law at Hosei University in Tokyo, Japan, and returned to China two years later. Formulating commercial law is one of the important tasks of amending laws in the late Qing Dynasty. In Xuantongyuannian (1909), Zhu Ruzhen was appointed as the editor of the Law Museum and went to various commercial ports to investigate the situation. Suzhou was a prosperous commercial place in the Qing Dynasty, which attracted much attention, so the scene at the beginning of the article appeared. Zhu Ruzhen went to Suzhou to carry out a survey of "business habits". There are two letters written by Zhu Ruzhen to Suzhou Chamber of Commerce in Suzhou Archives, Jiangsu Province. One of them wrote: "First, make an investigation, considering that China's commerce is the earliest, and your province has convenient transportation, lively folk customs and growing trade, which plays an important role in world commerce."

After receiving Zhu Ruzhen's letter, Suzhou Chamber of Commerce wrote back the next day, inviting him to visit the Chamber of Commerce. At the same time, Suzhou Chamber of Commerce made careful preparations and actively cooperated with the investigation arranged by the Qing government. First, thousands of questionnaires were printed to investigate business habits, and then the branches in Suzhou, such as Shengze, Jiangzhen, Wang Ping, Kunxin, Meili and Zhao Chang, were contacted by letters, asking them to fill in the questionnaires and give timely feedback.

The Business Habits Questionnaire consists of five pages, which are divided into two categories: business habit list and articles of association in various languages. The business habit list is divided into six categories, and the classification is detailed and meticulous. For example, the relationship between the organization and capital of the first destination firm has eight questions, such as "how many types of organizations are there, what are the similarities and differences of each type, which one is the boss of the firm's own operation and which one is operated by someone" and so on.

Due to many industries being investigated, Suzhou Chamber of Commerce failed to complete the investigation task assigned by Zhu Ruzhen within half a year in a serious and pragmatic manner. 1909 On September 20th, Zhu Ruzhen wrote in his second letter to Suzhou Chamber of Commerce: "The commercial law has been drafted ... the preparation for this year is urgent ... the time limit is very tight. Please reply to the questions of your chamber of commerce as soon as possible. "

As for whether Suzhou Chamber of Commerce finally replied to the last runner-up, the author searched the collection of Suzhou Archives and failed to find it. After the Revolution of 1911 (19 10), Zhu spent 13 years in the small court of Puyi (19 12- 1924), and worked in the Forbidden City to sort out historical books such as De Zong Lu.

1924 closed in October of the lunar calendar, with business in Tianjin and Shanghai. Open a printing factory in Tianjin. After returning to the south, I stayed in Hong Kong.

18 (1929) moved to hong kong, and founded aiyuan college in hong kong as the principal. President of Hong Kong Qingyuan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, renamed Qingyuan Association, registered as a charity.

In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), he was employed by the Chinese School of the University of Hong Kong, and served briefly as a lecturer in philosophy and literature.

In 2 1 year of the Republic of China, under the manipulation of the Japanese Kwantung Army, a pseudo-"Manchukuo" was established, and the abolished last Qing emperor Puyi came to power. Zhu went to Changchun to see Puyi (he was Puyi's teacher), and Puyi said that he would serve the "imperial dynasty" again. He declined politely and immediately returned to Hong Kong on the grounds of old age and illness.

In 22 years of the Republic of China (1933), he served as the second principal and principal of the secondary school affiliated to the Confucius Institute in Hong Kong.

During the anti-Japanese period, actively cooperate with anti-Japanese organizations to carry out anti-Japanese fundraising, charity performances and other activities to help anti-Japanese soldiers.

In the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1 end of the year), Hong Kong fell. He and Huang Wengen, a fellow countryman living in Hong Kong, organized a steering committee to help more than 30,000 people in their hometown evacuate and return home.

He lived in Beijing from 65438 to 0942 at the age of 72.

Zhujiapu

Zhu Ruzhen's Zhu family tree: the ancestor of Guangdong, moved from Yongding County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province to wengyuan county, Guangdong Province (south of Shaoguan City) in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424). Zhu Yuan's father, Zhu Zhen, was an official of the Yuan Dynasty and assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and his second ancestor, Zhu Yongtong. His descendants have lived in wengyuan county for six generations, namely Zhu Guang, Huan Zhu, Zhu De Mine, Zhu Xin, Zhu Shichang and Zhu Yu. The ancestor of Qingyuan County is the ninth ancestor Zhu Wanxian. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty attacked the Ming army in Wengyuan (Shaoguan Military Port). In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Zhu Wanxian resolutely bid farewell to wengyuan county's father and brother, went south to Qingyuan County alone, and chose a small village named "Bapian Village" under Bijiashan in the north of the city. Zhu De, the tenth ancestor; Zhu, the first 1 1 sai-jo; Zhu Qing, the twelfth generation of great-great-grandfather; The thirteenth great-grandfather Zhu Dayu. The 14th great-grandfather Zhu Li moved his family from his ancestral home in Bapian Village to Nanmen Street, Qingyuan City, laying a solid foundation for the development of future generations. Zhu, the fifteenth ancestor, and Zhu Yizhang, the sixteenth Kao (father), were both five military attaché s and served as the magistrate. Zhu Ruzhen is the seventh son of Zhu Yizhang. 193 1 July,1July, 933,1April, 935, there were several major floods in Qingyuan county. Zhu Ruzhen was concerned about the sufferings of the people in her hometown. Regardless of her sixties, she personally contacted Hong Kong compatriots and organizations to provide assistance to help the people in her hometown tide over one difficulty after another. In addition 1935 Qingyuan Jianping No.1 middle school teaching hall; 1940 Qingyuan county holds county middle school with high school; 1940 Hong Kong Qingyuan Friendship Gang organized a volunteer school for the younger generation. All of them have received enthusiastic care and assistance from Qingyuan Association. These acts of kindness are recorded in the Records of Qingyuan County in People's Republic of China (PRC) or the Records of Qingyuan Hometown Association in Hong Kong.

Zhu Ruzhen is good at social welfare undertakings such as education and medical care. A collection of Tibetan Xia was compiled and presented to Qingyuan County People's Education Center with a batch of books and equipment. He also served as the editor-in-chief of Qingyuan County Records and Yangshan County Records. To raise medicines and funds for Qingyuan wartime civilian hospitals and county middle schools; Provide perennial funding for compulsory education for children in Qingyuan fellowship in Hong Kong; During the fall of Hong Kong, the Japanese gave him rice to take advantage of him, and he resolutely resisted. 1942, he left Hong Kong where he lived for a long time, took refuge in Shanghai, and lived alone with his daughter, showing his national integrity. Later, he returned to his old house in Beiping. In the summer of 32 years (1943), one day he died of a stroke while playing with his grandson at the age of 73.