Is Suzhou bad? How to see Xuzhou

Xuzhou City is located between 116°22′～118°40′ east longitude and 33°43′～34°58′ north latitude. It is about 210 kilometers long from east to west and 140 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of ??11,258 square kilometers, accounting for 11% of the total area of ??Jiangsu Province. Except for a few hills in the central and eastern parts of the territory, most of the territory is plain. The altitude of hills is generally around 00-200 meters, and the area of ??hills and mountains accounts for about 9.4% of the city. The hills and mountains are divided into two major groups. One group is located in the central part of the city, with mountains of different heights. Among them, Dadong Mountain in the northeast of Jiawang District is the highest peak in the city, with an altitude of 365 meters; the other group is distributed in the east of the city, with the highest point being Ma in the north of Xinyi City. Lingshan, 122.9 meters above sea level. The general terrain of the plain decreases from northwest to southeast, with an average slope of 1/7000--1/8000. The plain accounts for about 90% of the total land area, and the altitude is generally between 30-50 meters.

In Xuzhou, there are Xuzhou Seismic Observatory and Xinyi Seismic Observatory managed by the province. Xuzhou Mining Group Dahuang Mountain Seismic Observatory, Datun Coal and Electricity Company Seismic Observatory, Xuzhou Mining Woniushan Seismic Observation Station, Railway Yi'an Mountain Observation Station, etc. are managed by the Municipal Seismological Bureau. There are also three deepwater observation and monitoring wells in Suining and Fengxian counties that are listed as national seismic monitoring wells. The city also has earthquake macro observation posts throughout the city, such as Xuzhou Pengzuyuan and Xuzhou Zoo. my country's current main means of earthquake precursor information observation are: seismic measurement, ground deformation, ground stress, groundwater, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, gravity, animal habits and other macroscopic anomalies, eight major means. Xuzhou City has more than 30 sets of instruments and six major methods in addition to gravity and geostress. Seismic stations work around the clock and play a huge role in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. After the 5.9-magnitude earthquake in Heze, Shandong Province on November 7, 1983, and the 5.2-magnitude earthquake in Cangshan, Shandong Province on September 20, 1995, the Xuzhou Seismic Network measured data in a timely manner and quickly reported external earthquake elements to the municipal government, making contributions to calming the people's minds. .

During the Wenchuan Earthquake, the Jiangsu Seismological Network first captured and measured Sichuan earthquake information at the Pizhou Earthquake Observation Point in the city.

Mineral Resources

Xuzhou is an important coal producing area in the country and a power base in East China. It has more than 30 kinds of minerals such as coal, well salt, iron, titanium, marble, and limestone, with large reserves. , high grade. The proven reserves of coal are more than 3.9 billion tons, the predicted reserves are 6.9 billion tons, and the annual output is more than 25 million tons; the well salt reserves are 22 billion tons, and the grade is very high. The resource conditions for the development of coal chemical industry and salt chemical industry are very favorable; potassium mine The proven reserves are 2.2 billion tons, accounting for about 1/5 of the domestic proven reserves; the annual gypsum mining capacity is 5 million tons, ranking first in East China. Within the territory is Datun Coal and Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd., a large state-owned enterprise affiliated to China Coal Energy Corporation.

Xuzhou is also a national grain and cotton production base, a high-quality agricultural and sideline products production, processing and export base, a straw livestock breeding demonstration area, a forestry science and technology development experimental demonstration area and one of the five major vegetable production areas. It is the hometown of ginkgo, apple and apple in China. The hometown is one of the four largest plywood processing bases in the country and is rich in agricultural and sideline product resources.

[Edit this paragraph] History and Culture

Xuzhou is the birthplace of Pengzu Culture and Han Culture, and is also the master of Xu Culture.

Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, has a history of civilization of more than 5,000 years. The history of Xuzhou's founding can be traced back to the Dapeng Kingdom established by Emperor Yao more than 4,000 years ago. The first written mention of Pengcheng dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, 573 BC. It was the earliest city to appear in Jiangsu. When Xia Yu controlled the floods, he divided the country into nine states, and Xuzhou was one of the nine states. At that time, "Xuzhou" was just the name of a natural economic area, and Pengcheng became the central city of this area.

During the reign of Emperor Yao, Peng Zu established the Peng Kingdom, and Pengcheng got its name. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the Dapeng Kingdom was very powerful and was once one of the Five Hegemons. Peng Zu, the founder of Da Peng Clan, lived to be 800 years old and was the founder of Chinese cooking and Qigong. Peng Zu had a great influence in history. He was highly praised by Confucius and was regarded as one of the founders of Taoism. Peng Zu's diet and health regimen played an important role in the formation and development of later Han culture.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Pengcheng was the capital of the Song Dynasty, the capital of the Xu State, and the capital of the Chu State. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, established his capital in Pengcheng. Pengcheng was also the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Cao Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, and the Western Jin Dynasty for more than 500 years. Liu Bang, the commoner emperor who emerged from here, unified the world and founded the glorious Han Dynasty in history. During the Western Han Dynasty, Pengcheng was an important feudal state of Chu and Pengcheng states of the same surname as Liu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao moved to Xuzhou to govern Pengcheng, which was first called Xuzhou.

Xuzhou is also known as "the enclave of dragons for thousands of years and the hometown of emperors for a generation". More than 6,000 years ago, the ancestors of Xuzhou lived and worked here. At the end of primitive society, Yao granted Peng Zu the location of today's urban area and made it the Dapeng Kingdom. Xuzhou was called Pengcheng from the beginning. Later in the late Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was born in Feng County and grew up in Pei County. Xuzhou has also been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. In modern wars, there are the Xuzhou Battle of the Anti-Japanese War and the Huaihai Battle of the Liberation War, with Xuzhou as the center.

Culture of the Han Dynasty

Xuzhou is the hometown of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, and the place where he made his fortune. After Xiang Yu made Liu Bang King of Han in April 206 BC, after more than four years of the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang held the emperor's ceremony in Dingtao in October 202 BC. He first made his capital in Luoyang and later moved to Chang'an. At this time, the powerful Han Dynasty responded to the ancient Roman Empire in the West and became the most powerful empire in the world at that time.

During the four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, there were thirteen kings of Chu and five kings of Pengcheng in Xuzhou, and there should be eighteen royal tombs. In fact, it was more than that. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, in what is now Xuzhou There was also a Xiapi Kingdom in the administrative area, and there were four Xiapi kings.

The eighteen tombs of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou that have been archaeologically investigated include the second tomb of the Chu king in Beidongshan, the third tomb of the Chu king in Lion Rock, the fourth (fifth) tomb of the Chu king in Tuolan Mountain, and the third tomb of the Chu king in Guishan. Tombs of the Sixth Dynasty King of Chu, Tombs of the Eighth Dynasty King of Chu in Dongdongshan, Tombs of Pengcheng King of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Tushan, etc. The most representative Chu Tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Xuzhou are the Chu King Tombs in Beidongshan, the Chu King Tombs in Guishan and the Chu King Tombs in Shishishan. With "fine", "wonderful" and "heroic" each leading the way. Known as one of the three cultural wonders of Xuzhou, the Lion Mountain Terracotta Warriors are not only numerous in number, but also of various types, showing rich content: there are figurines of officials with long sleeves and long robes, figurines of guards with crowns and caps holding weapons, and figurines with braids holding long weapons. There are more than ten kinds of figurines, including warriors with their feet in combat boots and warriors holding crossbows. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Han Dynasty in Lion Mountain are not only artistic treasures of the Han Dynasty, but also historical witnesses of Xuzhou’s role as a military center. They are of high value not only for the study of the sculpture art of the Han Dynasty, but also for the study of the social life, funeral system, and military formations of the Han Dynasty. value.

During the Western Han Dynasty, cliff cave tombs were popular in the Xuzhou area. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the shape of tombs changed, and Han portrait stone tombs became popular. Han portrait stones are carved murals carved in tombs and auditoriums by people of the Han Dynasty. Han portrait stone carvings occupy an important position in the history of Chinese art. Xuzhou is one of the concentrated distribution areas of Han Dynasty portrait stones in China. At present, more than 700 Han portrait stones have been unearthed in Xuzhou area, and more than 500 Han portrait stones are collected in the Xuzhou Han Dynasty Stone Art Museum. The portrait stones of Xu Han, together with the stone carvings of Suzhou gardens and the Six Dynasties mausoleums of Nanjing, are also known as the "Three Treasures of Jiangsu Cultural Relics".

"Beautiful places are not easy to recognize, but those who come will know them." Xuzhou's cultural landscape of the Han Dynasty still has many historical relics, such as the Horse Theater, Surabaya Pavilion, Bawang Tower, and Songfeng Terrace. , Bajian Spring, Zifang Temple, Wangling Mother Tomb, etc., each scenic spot has a touching historical story, which reminds people of the smoke and fire of the Chu-Han War.

Historical Celebrities

Ancient Peng Xuzhou has a long history and outstanding people. The land of flying dragons, the home of generals and prime ministers. Warriors are like the wind, counselors are like clouds; literati and poets are like masters of art. Countless; national heroes, revolutionary heroes, shining brightly in the annals of history. There were several founding emperors from Xuzhou in the past dynasties. In addition to Liu Bang, Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Ming, the great ancestor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng, Emperor Qi Gao of Gefengtai Dynasty in Nanpei County, Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, and Zhu Quanzhong, Taizu of Later Liang Dynasty, were all from Xuzhou.

There are endless numbers of princes, generals and ministers from Xuzhou. There are princes and kings surnamed Liu all over the Han Dynasty, so there is no need to go into details. There are more than 20 people with different surnames who followed Liu Bang in his successful campaigns and divided the country into feudal states.

For example, the "Five Miles and Three Princes" include the mausoleum of Anguohou, Jianghou Zhoubo, Yingyinhou Guanying, Xiao He, Cao Shen, Zhou Chang, Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying, etc. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhao, a native of Pengcheng, was known as the best counselor in Jiangdong. Liu Laozhi, the heroic general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li Pan, the number one scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, Li Wei, the prime minister of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yong, the famous prime minister of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty... are all famous figures in Chinese history.

Xuzhou has also nurtured generations of literati, poets and artists. Wei Meng, a satirical poet in Pengcheng in the early Han Dynasty, Liu An, the king of Huainan who presided over the compilation of "Huainanzi", Liu Xiang, the originator of Chinese bibliography, and Liu Xin, Liu Xiang's son, wrote the first partial bibliography in my country, "Seven Strategies", and were the founders of Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Daoling, Liu Ling, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove in the Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasties who compiled China's first notebook novel "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", Liu Zhiji of the prosperous Tang Dynasty who wrote China's first historical commentary monograph "Shi Tong", and Liu Zhiji Zhiji's son Liu Zhi compiled my country's first political book "Zhengdian" and spent 23 spring and autumn years in Xuzhou. Bai Juyi, the great poet who claimed to be his hometown, and Liu Yuxi, who was also one of the most important poets of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, the later master of poetry in the Southern Tang Dynasty, can be called a generation of poets. Liu Xiaochuo, the first couplet artist in China, Liu Lingxian, a talented woman from the Southern Dynasty known as "Liu Sanniang", Chen Shidao, one of the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen", and Zhang Zhupo, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, won the gold medal and silver medal respectively at the 1914 Panama International Exposition. The painters Wang Qinfang and Li Lan, the educator Qian Shizhi in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, who were known as the three outstanding artists of "poetry, calligraphy and painting", Zhang Boying, who was known as one of the "Four Great Calligraphers in the Early Republic of China", the master of traditional Chinese painting Li Keran, and those who worked during the liberation Martyrs Song Qiyun and Xu Linxia during the war and their son Xiaoluotou Song Zhenzhong. Others include Qing history expert Xiao Yishan, sculpture theorist Wang Ziyun, famous Chinese painting master Xiao Longshi, people's musician Ma Ke, conductor Hu Defeng, calligrapher Feng Yiwu, one of the "Four Little Famous Danes" Xu Hanying, etc.

Over the past thousands of years, Xuzhou has had countless romantic figures and stars gathered together, which is really difficult to describe. Here are just a few:

(1) Peng Zu

Xuzhou was called Pengcheng in ancient times and originated from Peng Zu. Peng Zu is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. He is a famous longevity boy who lived to be 800 years old. Good at guiding Qigong health preservation, diet and sexual intercourse surgery. Because he is good at cooking, he is known as the originator of Chinese cooking and is truly the first chef in our country. It is said that he cooked pheasant soup (spicy soup), presented it to Emperor Yao and was granted a title, thus establishing the Dapeng Kingdom.

(2) Liu Bang

Xuzhou is the hometown of Han Gaozu, the first civilian emperor in Chinese history. Liu Bang’s birth is quite mythical. It is said that the mother of Han Gaozu took shelter from the rain on a bridge. She was conceived by a dragon, and the Longwu Bridge where she was conceived was in Lianglou Village, northeast of Feng County today. The young Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty fled the chaos and moved to a place about three miles north of Peicheng. Therefore, there is a local saying that "abundant crops will support Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty".

In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty returned from his own expedition to quell the rebellion. He passed through Peixian County and held a banquet in Peigong Palace to entertain his father and fellow villagers. One hundred and twenty young people were also selected to form a choir to aid in the drinking. When he was drunk, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty was building a building and singing loudly. He composed a poem: "The strong wind is blowing and the clouds are flying. The powerful people are returning to their hometown in the sea. The strong warriors are here to guard the four directions." The children also sang along with him. After singing, Gaozu waved his sword and danced, feeling extremely sad. He said to the elders in Peixian County: Wanderers miss their hometown. Although I am determined to be my capital in Chang'an, my soul will return to my hometown a hundred years later.

After Emperor Gaozu left Pei, the people of Pei wanted to show off their imperial power and asked good metal and stone craftsmen to engrave "Song of the Great Wind" on stone. They also built a hundred-foot-high platform and erected a stele on the platform. The stele of "Song of the Great Wind" is said to have been written by Cai Yong of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After more than two thousand years of ups and downs, it has been handed down to this day.

After Han Emperor Liu Bang established his capital in Chang'an in 202 BC, although his father Feng Gong enjoyed prosperity and wealth, he missed his hometown day and night and was often depressed. To this end, Liu Bang ordered a new city to be built for the Supreme Emperor Feng Gong in Liyi (now Lintong District, Xi'an City), the hometown of the Qin State, near the capital Chang'an, imitating the street layout of his hometown Fengyi (now Feng County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Some of the folks and old friends moved here to live, and the Emperor became happy. Historical records record that Xinfeng City was built exactly like Liu Bang's hometown of Feng County. Neighbors from Feng County moved to their new homes, and even chickens and dogs could find each door. This is "chickens and dogs know Xinfeng."

(3) Xiang Yu

Xiang Yu (232 BC - 202 BC), named Yu, was born in Xiangxiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province). In 206 BC, he established his capital in Pengcheng and established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, commanding the world. In the Chu-Han war, Gaixia was defeated and committed suicide in Wujiang River.

(4) Liu Xiang

Liu Xiang (approximately 77 BC-6 BC) was a classics scholar, bibliographer, and litterateur in the Western Han Dynasty. His real name was Gengsheng, and his courtesy name was Zizheng. He was a native of Peiguofeng (now Feng County, Xuzhou) and was the grandson of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty. Treat "Spring and Autumn Guliang Biography". He once reviewed the royal collection and compiled "Bielu", which is the earliest bibliographic work in my country. He wrote 33 poems including "Nine Sighs", most of which have been lost. He also wrote "Hong Fan's Five Elements Biography", "New Preface", "Shuoyuan", "Lienv Biography", etc., which are still extant. There is also "Tongyi of the Five Classics", which is also lost. Liu Xiang compiled "Warring States Policy". Liu Xiang named the book "Warring States Policy" and also named that period of complicated and colorful history. This is where the name "Warring States" comes from. It can also be regarded as an additional gain from Liu Xiang's editing of "Warring States Policy".

(5) Zhang Daoling

Zhang Daoling (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous religious leader, founder and leader of Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His real name is Ling. He was born in Pei Guofeng (now Feng County, Xuzhou). He was once the magistrate of Jiangzhou, and later lived in Sichuan. He studied Taoism in Heming Mountain and wrote twenty-four Taoist books. He used talisman and water spells to treat people's illnesses and gathered disciples to preach. Those who follow his path will produce five buckets of rice, and his path is called the "five buckets of rice path". After his death, Chan Heng, Sun Lu and others were the leaders for generations, and were regarded as "Zhang Tianshi" by later Taoists. He was one of the four great heavenly masters in Chinese mythology, and his way was also called "Tianshi Tao".

(6) Li Yu

Li Yu (937-978) was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was already a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. In 975, the Song army entered Jinling and captured the emperor, thus destroying the Southern Tang Dynasty. Descended to the Song Dynasty. Taizu of the Song Dynasty was granted the title of Marquis of Disobedience. Later, he died after taking the medicine given by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. In history, he is known as the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Empress of Li. Li Yu was a coward in politics, but in literature he was a litterateur, a poet, and a master of poetry through the ages. His main achievements are in poetry. He and his father Li Jing are both good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. His poetry is good at expressing emotions in white lines, and his emotions are real. Wang Guowei rated his poetry as the most beautiful among human beings. His early works mainly reflected court life, such as "Sauvignon Blanc" and "Huanxisha". After being captured, he made a big breakthrough compared to his early stage. His representative works include "Poppy Poppies", "Broken Array", "Lang Tao Sha", "Meeting Happily" and so on.