What happened to the "Huangya case" in Shandong during the Tongzhi period?

This happened in the autumn of 1866. The official definition of this incident is mob rebellion, which resulted in the massacre of thousands of people in this part of Huang Yashan. The Qing government said it was a counter-insurgency event, a peasant uprising in a religious cloak, just like Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. However, scholars and experts in modern times have said that the nature of mob rebellion needs to be studied and is controversial.

Speaking of this incident, we have to talk about Zhang Ji, the main character of this incident. Zhang Jisheng Yu 1805, word,No. Liangxi, name Baishishan,No. Jiangsu. In fact, his experience is similar to that of Hong Xiuquan. He also took part in the imperial examination and failed many times, but he has a wide network of contacts. After studying under Zhou Taigu, the founder of Taikoo School who advocated the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In fact, it is a traditional folk religious school, but it is based on Confucianism. In the late Qing Dynasty, the ruling crisis, social contradictions intensified, and traditional Confucian classics declined, but folk religions flourished. Therefore, his Taikoo School in Zhang Jihe also attracted some folk people. After the death of Zhou Taigu, Zhong continued to devote himself to publicizing and studying Taigu School's thoughts, but in 1856, the Taiping Army invaded Yangzhou, and Zhong had no choice but to move to his son's place, that is, we fled the war between Shandong and Zhong. However, it was in Huang Yashan that a man named Liu Yaodong was a fanatic of Archaism, so he invited Zhang Ji to Huangya and began his seclusion.

However, peasant uprisings broke out one after another in the late Qing Dynasty, and Shandong Nian Army invaded from time to time. Zhang Ji moved to Zibo and then to Huangya. In order to escape the war, a small house was built in Huangya Mountain, which attracted many refugees. No matter where people in the society are, no matter what they do, they are all taken in Zhang Ji. Because of the terrain, Huang Yashan is relatively safe, easy to defend but difficult to attack. In order to prevent the harassment of the Nian army, people in Huang Yashan spontaneously organized training, set up many military facilities, and recruited hooligans from outside to protect their safety, which also left a hidden danger for future cases. People there can live a stable life for a few days. At the same time, people from all walks of life who believed in Taikoo School also came to Huang Yashan to ask Zhang Ji for advice. With the increasing scale, this stockade in Huang Yashan has gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life. After all, there are many red people, and the government should certainly understand this group.

As I said before, this stockade is protected by special people. These security guards are hooligans, crows and thieves, which is similar to the view of the ancient school? We are all disciples, regardless of rank? At that time, a case was cracked in Shandong. The initiator of the case said that they were all followers of Zhang Jijiao, so the officers and men went to Huangyashan and sent people to investigate. But because of this, these security guards regarded the officers and men as bad people, so they clashed and killed them. This is the mainstream view. In addition, because the villagers in Huangyashan made trouble, the governor of Shandong at that time was furious and thought that Huangyashan was a place where gangsters gathered. This antique school was a cult, and Zhang Ji was the leader of that cult. 1866165438+1October 7, sent officers and men to fight bandits. People in Zhongshan village fought to the death, and thousands of people were killed. Suddenly, this once fortress-like stockade was bleeding like a river, and Zhang Ji also set himself on fire and died.

The formation of this organization is also related to the poverty and weakness of the late Qing government. Imperialism invaded in the late Qing Dynasty, and peasant uprisings were repeated, so the Qing government had no time to take care of people's lives. In order to protect themselves, people can only build a steel fortress by themselves. But with the growth of this class, it finally threatened the rule. If it develops to the scale of Taiping Army or Nian Army, the rule of the Qing government will be even more precarious.