Classification and explanation of eight major industries of safety production

Metallurgical enterprises have one of the following seven links:

1. Pelletizing: One of the important methods of fine ore briquetting. First, add a proper amount of water and binder to the fine ore to make a green ball with uniform viscosity and sufficient strength (rolled into a small ball like Yuanxiao). After drying and preheating, it is roasted in an oxidizing atmosphere to reunite the green pellets and make them into pellets.

2. Sintering: the process of mixing various powdery iron-containing raw materials with appropriate amount of fuel and flux, adding appropriate amount of water, mixing and pelletizing to make the materials undergo a series of physical and chemical changes on sintering equipment, and bonding the mineral powder particles into blocks.

3. Ironmaking: refers to the production process of reducing iron from iron-containing compounds such as ores by blast furnace method, direct reduction method and melting reduction method. It can be divided into blast furnace ironmaking and non-blast furnace ironmaking.

4. Steelmaking: refers to the metal purification process of oxidizing impurities (mainly pig iron) contained in furnace charge with oxygen from different sources (such as air and oxygen), which is called steelmaking activity. Steelmaking mainly includes converter, electric furnace and open hearth steelmaking.

5. Rolling of steel: refers to the production activities of plastic deformation of continuous casting billets and ingots through hot rolling, cold working, forging, extrusion, etc., to make steel with a certain shape and size.

6. Ferroalloy smelting: refers to alloy production activities consisting of iron and one or more other metallic or nonmetallic elements.

7. Manganese smelting: it is divided into blast furnace smelting and electric furnace smelting. Generally, blast furnaces below 1000 cubic meters are used, and the equipment and production process are basically the same as those of ironmaking blast furnaces.

Second, colored.

Mainly non-ferrous metal smelting, non-ferrous metal alloy manufacturing, non-ferrous metal casting, non-ferrous metal calendering and other enterprises.

Non-ferrous metals in a narrow sense, also known as non-ferrous metals, are the general names of all metals except iron, manganese and chromium. Nonferrous metals in a broad sense also include nonferrous alloys. Non-ferrous alloy is an alloy with non-ferrous metal as the matrix (usually more than 50%) and one or several other elements added. Non-ferrous metal industry is mainly:

1. Smelting of common nonferrous metals

Refers to the production activities of extracting ordinary nonferrous metals from nonferrous metal raw materials such as nonferrous metal ores and scrap miscellaneous metal materials by roasting, smelting, refining, electrolysis or other methods.

(1) Copper smelting refers to the production activities of smelting, refining and electrolyzing copper from mine raw materials such as copper concentrate and waste copper.

(2) Aluminum smelting refers to the production activities of refining aluminum from aluminum ore raw materials through roasting, smelting, electrolysis, casting and smelting waste aluminum materials.

(3) Lead and zinc smelting

(4) Nickel and cobalt smelting

(5) tin smelting

(6) antimony smelting

(7) Magnesium smelting

(8) other commonly used non-ferrous metal smelting

2. Precious metal smelting

Refers to the refining activities of gold, silver and platinum group metals.

(1) gold smelting

Refers to the production activities of extracting gold from gold concentrate (lump) ore, anode slime (gold-bearing slime recovered when smelting other non-ferrous metals) and waste gold.

(2) Silver smelting

Refers to the production activities of extracting silver from silver concentrate (lump) ore, anode mud (recovered anode mud contains silver when smelting other non-ferrous metals) and waste silver.

(III) Smelting of other precious metals

3. Rare rare earth metal smelting

It refers to the smelting of tungsten, molybdenum, rare light metals, rare high melting point metals, rare scattered metals, rare earth metals and other rare rare rare earth metals. But it does not include the smelting and processing of radioactive metals such as thorium and uranium.

4. Manufacturing of non-ferrous metal alloys

Refers to the production activities of non-ferrous alloys based on non-ferrous metals and added with one or several other elements.

5. Non-ferrous metal calendering

(1) calendering of common nonferrous metals

Refers to the production activities of rolling common nonferrous metals such as copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys.

(2) precious metal calendering

Refers to the production activities of rolling, drawing or extruding precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum group.

(3) calendering of rare rare earth metals

Refers to the processing of rare metal materials such as tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum.

Third, building materials.

Building materials enterprises mainly refer to enterprises engaged in the production and processing of non-metallic mineral products such as cement, cement products, glass (glass fiber), wall materials, ceramics, refractories and graphite.

Fourth, machinery.

Machinery industry refers to the machinery production and business units engaged in the manufacture of metal products, general equipment, special equipment, transportation equipment, electrical machinery and equipment, communication equipment, computers and electronic equipment, instruments and meters and office machinery.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) light industry

Light industry refers to pulping and papermaking, daily machinery, daily silicate, daily chemicals, food and beverage, plastic products, leather and fur products, clothing, shoes and hats, and arts and crafts.

Units and places where carpets, toys, daily hardware, daily refined aluminum products, tools and building hardware products, household appliances, stationery, sporting goods, furniture, daily sundries, weighing instruments, bamboo, rattan, brown and grass products are produced and operated.

Six, textile

Textile is an enterprise involved in cotton spinning, silk processing, hemp spinning, wool spinning and chemical fiber related business. Its types are cotton spinning, silk processing, hemp spinning, wool spinning and chemical fiber, or knitting, weaving and nonwovens. Textile and garment, footwear and headwear manufacturing.

Seven, tobacco

Tobacco industry refers to the department of tobacco monopoly administration and the production and business units and places engaged in the production, transportation, storage and sales of tobacco products, tobacco machinery and auxiliary materials for tobacco.

VIII. Commerce and trade

Commerce refers to the circulation industry (warehousing and transportation, information industry, wholesale and retail, etc.). ) and production and business units and service places such as chain operation, logistics and distribution, e-commerce, catering and accommodation.

Extended data:

1, safety responsibility

Safety responsibilities must be implemented at different levels. Enterprises should sign the responsibility book for production safety step by step. The responsibility book should have specific responsibilities, measures and rewards and punishments.

Units and individuals who have completed the assessment indicators and assessment contents of the responsibility book shall be given spiritual and material rewards; Punish the units and individuals that have not completed the assessment indicators or assessment contents; Units that do a good job in safety should be rewarded with unit leaders and safety officers.

2. Safety investment

Safety investment is the basic guarantee of safety production. It includes two aspects: one is talent investment, and the other is capital investment. The investment in equipment, facilities and publicity required for safe production must be sufficient.

At the same time, enterprises should create opportunities for safety officers to participate in professional training, and organize safety officers to visit, learn and learn from units that have done well in safety work; On the other hand, by recruiting safety management professionals, we can improve the quality of the company's safety management team and lay a solid foundation for the company's safe and harmonious development.

3. Safety technology

To improve the level of safety management, we must increase the investment in safety science and technology and use advanced scientific and technological means to monitor the whole process of safety production. Such as the installation of closed-circuit television monitoring system, fire sprinkler system, X-ray security machine, GPS, driving recorder, etc. The management of production safety is modernized, automated and informationized.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight Industries