What elite troops are there in the armies of all countries in the world?

Among the many special forces in the United States, the Rangers (also known as Commandos or Special Forces) are an elite force with a long history and strong combat power. Rangers with a glorious history and excellent traditions, with fearless spirit and perseverance, perform the role of the world police everywhere and get international recognition and praise. Basically, the upstream cavalry are light infantry, and they can use various means of transportation to quickly enter the war zone to perform their tasks, so the rangers often complete their tasks before other special forces arrive. Just like the motto "Ranger, lead the way", as well as the black beret and ribbon armband embroidered with the words Ranger, it has always been a symbol of the glory and dignity of Rangers.

The historical origin of rangers predates the founding of the United States: the first rangers were irregulars and fought in the French-Indian War in the18th century. One of the most famous is Roger Ranger named after his army commander. Throughout the 20th century, the US Army established assault battalions in wartime, but soon disbanded them-they will only be found and needed in the next conflict. Today's rangers were formed after the Israeli-Arab war of 1973. The US Army recognizes that in the future, a special operations force will be needed for rapid deployment to the Middle East or other strategic locations. Such troops must have the ability to empty all the equipment of battalion-level airborne assault behind enemy lines. The 1st 1 Battalion (Rangers) of the 75th Infantry Regiment was established in Fort Banning on June 1974, and the 2nd Battalion was established in Fort Lewis, Washington on June 10.

In 1989, during the "just action" of American invasion of Panama, the United States put the whole 75th Infantry Regiment-Rangers into battle. This is the third mission that Ranger performed after 1974 resumed. The hostage rescue operation of Teheran Embassy failed, and after the failure of Caribbean island invasion of grenada (1983), the Rangers finally won. "Justice Action" is the largest action put into by the rangers after the expansion of the army. There are three battalions, with a total of 1500 people participating. Rangers are the main force in the "Red Task Force", a special force carrying out this operation.

On the morning of February 20th, 65438 1 p.m, the rangers played a vanguard role. Rangers 1 Battalion, 3rd Battalion Company C, and regimental gold detachment parachuted into Doriga International Airport, quickly advanced into Panama City and occupied the headquarters of the National Defence Force. On the other hand, Company A, Company B and the regimental black squad of the 23rd Battalion parachuted into Lille Haarto Airport were not so smooth. They were savagely attacked by the Panamanian Defence Forces. Although the rangers quickly occupied the airport with the support of AC- 130 gunboats, five soldiers were killed. Then they immediately raided Panama's special forces in the south-"Mountain Force". As this unit was on vacation, the rangers met only a little resistance and easily solved this unit. After a day of fighting, American troops took control of Panama City that night and destroyed the pro-noriega armed forces. In the following two weeks, noriega was mainly arrested. On February 24th, 65438, Panamanian dictator noriega hid in the residence of the Pope's envoy in Panama. Rangers surrounded and sealed off the house. Together with the US Department of Security and Vatican diplomats, they began negotiations on noriega's surrender. On the evening of October 3, 65438+/KLOC-0, after the anti-noriega demonstration attended by about 65438+ million people, the former Panamanian dictator walked out of the papal emissary and surrendered to the joint action forces. Then the ranger undertook the task of maintaining order and protecting the safety of public facilities. 1990 returned to its station in Fort Banning, Georgia, and completed the task, which proved its value. Five rangers were killed and nearly 50 soldiers were injured, but there is no doubt that "Justice Action" won a complete victory.

Under the overall planning of the United States Special Command (SOCOM), the Rangers often join forces with the Army Special Forces, the 82nd Airborne Division, Delta Force, Navy SEALs, Air Force Special Forces, and even the Marine Corps Force Search Team compiled by SOCOM. Rangers who claim to be pioneers of special forces have won the trust of the US government, so rangers often perform general light infantry tasks in addition to special tasks. In the next 2 1 century, various international terrorist acts and ethnic conflicts will continue to break out. As the vanguard of international police, rangers are still ready to go to foreign countries at any time. Regardless of the success or failure of the war, "Rangers, lead the way!" This sentence is always hidden in the heart of every ranger.

delta force

Charles Beckwith, the founder of Delta Force, served in the Royal Airborne Secret Service from 1962 to 1963. When he returned to the US Army, he always wanted to establish a unit with the same organization, conception and functions as the Airborne Secret Service. After years of long-term struggle, this new unit-named the first special forces combat unit (Delta for short)-was officially recognized on 1977 1 1.09.

Delta Force base is located in fort bragg, a large US military base in North Carolina. It has about 360 members, divided into three squadrons, A, B and C, and then divided into several teams. There is a further division of labor among the groups, but the Pentagon keeps it a secret. Delta Force's main task is to deal with terrorist activities that affect the interests of the United States, which is a very timely demand according to the accidents that occurred in various places at that time. After its formal establishment, Delta Force began to select and train personnel, and successfully completed several tasks. 1979165438+1On October 4th, Iranian "students" broke into the American Embassy in Tehran and took all the staff hostage. Delta Force was ordered to rescue the American hostages held by Iranian terrorists, but the operation failed due to a sandstorm. Iran's rout triggered a profound introspection within the US special forces. Although the main reasons for this failure are not Colonel Beckhams and Delta Force. This action made the decision-makers of the US military realize that a specially trained aviation brigade must be established to support the actions of the special forces, and the US military 160 special operations aviation regiment came into being. Ten years later, "Delta" troops returned to the desert to participate in the Gulf War, and acted as the vanguard of American special forces' raid on Iraq. They took their quick action skills to the extreme, cooperated with the Royal Airborne Secret Service to guide air strikes in western Iraq, and destroyed several Scud missile launchers.

Delta forces played an important role in the Iraq war in 2003. It is estimated that about 65,438+00,000 American soldiers of various special forces took part in the war, and the "Delta" troops only accounted for a small part of them, but they played a very important role. Although most of the real details of the operation are confidential, what is certain is to guide the air strikes, find and assassinate Saddam Hussein, the Baath Party and key figures of the National Guard, destroy important infrastructure, including power plants, and intercept Iraqi communications. On April 1 day, 2003, Delta Force, with the support of other special forces, successfully rescued jessica lynch, a captured American soldier. This task greatly inspired the American public's attitude towards this war.

Seal special forces

Among the world-famous special forces, the reputation of American seal special forces is among the best. With the help of media propaganda and outstanding achievements, the popularity of SEALs can surpass that of any special forces in the world, especially in the training methods and tactics, and it has become a benchmark for multinational special forces. It is also the highest probability of war success among the special forces of various countries. Vietnam, Grenada, Haiti, Panama and desert storms all have its presence.

"SEAL" is the abbreviation of land, sea and air in English, and it is called the amphibious force of the US Navy. This means that members of the "SEAL" special forces should not only be able to carry out underwater reconnaissance missions and land special operations missions, but also be able to quickly go to the war zone and penetrate into the enemy's rear through airborne, often finishing their tasks before the enemy notices them. In addition, in addition to advanced equipment, its strict training is unmatched by other special forces. Therefore, every trained seal frogman will regard the seal team emblem on his chest as the highest glory in his life.

The "Sea Seal" Special Force was established in 1962, and its predecessor was the naval underwater blasting team during World War II, but at this time their main task was to engage in underwater reconnaissance. Vietnam War is an era of rapid development of "SEAL" special forces. During this period, the "SEAL" special forces carried out various tasks including surprise attack, reconnaissance and assassination. In recent years, the action mode of "SEAL" special forces has become more changeable, such as diverting the attention of Iraqi troops by confusing amphibious landing in the Gulf War of 199 1; 1993 urban warfare on the streets of Mogadishu, Somalia; As well as tracking the Taliban regime militants in the mountains of Afghanistan in 2002, "Al Qaeda" terrorist organizations.

The Navy's "SEAL" special forces are under the command of the Navy Special Operations Command. They are divided into eight units with a total strength of about 2000 people. Generally speaking, each unit has its own fixed combat area. For example, the first, third and fifth detachments based on the west coast of the United States are responsible for the combat missions in Asia, the Middle East and South Korea respectively. The second, fourth and eighth detachments along the eastern coast take Europe, South America and Africa as their combat areas. Other "seal" teams also have their own key areas, such as carrying out domestic counter-terrorism tasks. At present, the tasks of the "SEAL" special forces include reconnaissance, coordinated defense, unconventional warfare, direct action and counter-terrorism.

The meaning of the team emblem

The seal team emblem consists of an eagle with a gun and a harpoon around each foot of the anchor. Because the team emblem is very similar to the label of a beer brand, the seals call it "Budweiser badge". The sea anchor represents the American navy, the eagle represents the American spirit of freedom, the gun symbolizes the firm belief in defending the United States, and the harpoon represents the instinct of the seal frogman to fight at sea.

Since 1980, the Royal Airborne Secret Service raided the Iranian Embassy in Britain, this unit has become a myth in the eyes of the people. Their famous badge-dagger with wings-attracts people's attention, and together with their creed-"the brave win", * * * expresses the determination of this army to meet various challenges.

Royal airborne secret service

The Royal Airborne Secret Service (SAS) was established at the beginning of World War II, and at the same time, many "special" troops emerged one after another. The "L Team" was first established. It was not until June 1942 that the number of the troops increased to 390 and was renamed the first airborne special service group. After several reorganizations and a period of expansion, 1944 established a SAS brigade in Scotland in June, including two British legions (1 2sa), two French legions (3 and 4a), a Belgian squadron (later 5a) and a communication squadron. SAS has experienced all desert battles. In Italy and northwest Europe, we have established a good reputation by relying on well-trained teams to fight independently behind enemy lines.

From 65438 to 0969, the situation in Northern Ireland was suddenly turbulent, and SAS began a long-term confrontation with the Irish Peace Army. In the 1950s and 1960s, the anti-guerrilla movement was replaced by the anti-terrorist movement. In playing this new role, SAS quickly developed a set of unparalleled technologies, especially with the encouragement of Northern Ireland against the Irish Peace Army (IRA) and the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), the combat skills developed by SAS were widely circulated in the western world. This led to SAS not only being consulted by other governments and special forces, but also directly participating in some "foreign" combat operations. Despite this, the British public still knows little about SAS. 1980 During the raid on the Iranian Embassy in London in May, SAS appeared in front of TV cameras all over the world with tough tactics, and the world media eager for heroes made SAS famous.

1on April 30th, 980, six armed terrorists of Iran's Arab Revolutionary Front for Liberation and Democracy, armed with Czech scorpion submachine guns, Browning automatic pistols and Soviet-made grenades, held 26 hostages in the Iranian Embassy atNo. Wanghoumen Avenue 16 in London (four hostages were later released for health reasons, and the number of hostages was reduced to 22). The terrorists demanded the release of 92 Arab liberation comrades held in Iran and their safe transportation to the designated place. If their demands are not met, the hostages held in the embassy will have to pay the price. These terrorists came from Khuzestan province in southern Iran and opposed Khomeini's religious rule over Iran. Their demands were resolutely rejected by Iranians.

While the police negotiators were negotiating with the terrorists, the special air crew planned the raid, built a full-scale embassy model for the team members to conduct drills, and prepared various combat equipment, including various blasting devices, for blasting doors and windows during the raid. The day before the attack (May 5), in the afternoon 1, gunshots came from the embassy. At 7 o'clock in the evening, the body of Abbas Rafsani, the Iranian press liaison officer, was thrown out of the gate, and the terrorists threatened that if their demands were not met, they would kill a hostage every 30 minutes. The situation is quite urgent! That night 19:07, SAS got permission from the top.

At 7: 23, the operation began. Eight members of the Secret Service went down from the roof to the balcony along the rope, quickly blasted the window frames, forcibly entered the building and threw tear gas. The operation was very smooth, except that one player was entangled in the rope, which delayed the opportunity to enter (this is the inherent danger of starting the operation by falling off the rope). Because of the effective reconnaissance in advance, the secret service team shot and killed the terrorist leader Aung Ali Mohammed when they rushed from the second floor to the telegraph room where the hostages were held on the third floor. Except for three terrorists guarding the hostages who shot and killed one hostage and injured two others, the other hostages were safe and sound.

This action, also known as "Hunter Action", started from the attack, broke through the doors and windows, went into battle, destroyed the enemy, rescued the hostages, cleared the scene from house to house, and confirmed that all the players left the scene. It only took 17 minutes, and no one dared to question the efficiency and ability of SAS. It was a textbook classic action, because the BBC broadcast live all the time and used multiple telephoto lenses.

Data: The current organization of the Royal Airborne Secret Service includes three regiments, each with nearly 600 to 700 people. One regiment (22 SAS) is a formed unit, and the other two regiments (2 1 SAS and 23 SAS) belong to the local self-defense forces. There is a regular communication squadron in 22SAS, and the other (63 SAS communication squadron) belongs to the local self-defense force. These units are controlled by SAS steering group. Today's regular group (22 SAs) and local group (2 1 and 23 SAs) are of course closely related. The two local regiments also received basic training from regular troops to ensure their professional level.

Link: Hijacking in the 1970s.

1968 an Israeli ELAL flight was hijacked on the way from Rome to tel Aviv and was forced to fly to Algiers, Algeria. Terrorists all over the world soon realized that such actions could cause great public effects, so the hijacking in the 1970s reached an unprecedented climax. From 65438 to 0979, four planes were hijacked by the popular front for the liberation of Palestine, which attracted worldwide attention. One plane was destroyed after flying to Cairo, and the other three were blown up on the runway of Dawson airport in Jordan. In 1980s, the improvement of airport security reduced the occurrence of hijacking. However, the "9 1 1" incident on 200 1 shows that civil aviation is still vulnerable to attacks.

Alpha special forces

The "Alpha" special forces were established by the former Soviet Union in the 1970s to combat terrorism. 1973, a Soviet "Jacques-4" 0 passenger plane was hijacked by four armed gangsters at Vnukovo airport, and all the passengers on board were taken hostage. The Soviet National Security Council and the Ministry of Internal Affairs jointly took urgent action to rescue the hostages. This incident caused quite a shock in the Soviet Union, and also attracted great attention from the national leadership. At that time, the Soviet Union was fully preparing for the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. In order to prevent the recurrence of the tragedy that Israeli athletes were kidnapped and killed by Islamic fundamentalist terrorists in Munich Olympic Games, and to deal with terrorism in the Soviet Union, Soviet leaders decided to set up a well-trained special force as soon as possible to fight terrorism at home and abroad at any time.

1974 July 14, yuri andropov, Chairman of the National Security Council of the Soviet Union, issued an order to set up a special unit within the KGB system to undertake anti-terrorism tasks. This anti-terrorism commando, formerly known as Team A, is the predecessor of the "Alpha" special forces. At the beginning of its establishment, the "Alpha" special forces had only 30 members, all of whom were young KGB officers with extraordinary skills, and they all passed strict examinations before joining this elite special commando team.

After five years of hard training, the "Alpha" special forces performed their tasks for the first time. 1On July 28th, 979, a terrorist sneaked into the US Embassy in the Soviet Union with an explosive device. Ask the American diplomat to escort him out of the country, or detonate the bomb and die together. The "Alpha" special forces were ordered to attack and quickly subdued the terrorists without any casualties. The "Alpha" special forces completed their tasks cleanly in the first operation, which left a deep impression on people.

However, this special force, which was established specifically for anti-terrorism, was later involved in political struggles and wars again and again, becoming a "sharp blade" for regime subversion and political repression. 1979 12.27 In the war of invading Afghanistan, the former Soviet Union called "Alpha" special forces to take part in the battle to capture the official residence of Prime Minister Amin, and it really experienced the "baptism of battle" for the first time. After entering the 1980s, with the aggravation of anti-terrorism tasks, the ranks of "Alpha" special forces gradually expanded. During the period of1981-1986, three major terrorist incidents occurred in the former Soviet Union. However, due to the decisive action of the "Alpha" special forces, the terrorists have never succeeded.

After Russia's independence, Yeltsin incorporated the "Alpha" special forces into the Federal Security Service. 1993 10 10 In October, the opposition, led by Vice President Rudskoy and Speaker Habs Blatov, gathered in the parliament building to confront Yeltsin's chamber. Alpha special forces were assigned to attack the parliament building, but they didn't attack this time. Instead, they tried their best to negotiate with the White House defenders, provide them with personal safety, and prompted hundreds of lawmakers and ordinary citizens to voluntarily withdraw, thus avoiding the deterioration of the situation and further bloodshed.

After the Chechen war broke out, the "Alpha" special forces took on the heavy responsibility of counter-terrorism. On September 1 day, Moscow time, 2004, more than 30 Chechen terrorists suddenly occupied the No.1 Middle School in Beslan, North Ossetia, Russia, and took more than 1000 students, teachers and parents as hostages. After the incident, Russia quickly mobilized troops for disposal. After nearly 52 hours of confrontation, on September 3 13: 05, when the terrorists agreed to transport the hostages' bodies from the school, an explosion suddenly occurred and some hostages began to flee. The terrorists immediately shot at the fleeing crowd. In order to protect the hostages, the Russian troops hiding in the surrounding area immediately fought back. "Alpha" special forces rushed into the school and fought fiercely with terrorists, blasting the wall to rescue the hostages. The two sides once fell into a stalemate and the fighting lasted for nearly four hours. By around 17, most of the hostages were out of danger and the fighting was basically over. After the Russian army completely controlled the school, it launched a series of aftermath rescue work. According to statistics released by Russian media, at least 338 hostages were killed, 19 1 person was missing and 443 people were injured. "Alpha" special forces and other 10 officers and men died. The Beslan hostage incident in Russia suddenly broke out, causing heavy casualties and shocking the world. End the battle with a storm. Most of the hostages were rescued in this incident, but heavy casualties were caused, and the whole rescue operation ended in failure. In the handling of the hostage incident in Beslan, Russia, although the Russian "Alpha" special forces were brave, they failed to successfully use the tactics of concealing the enemy, multi-point infiltration and three-dimensional strike. The attack did not make waves, and the action of killing or suppressing terrorists was slow, which turned a special operation that should have been "a quick victory" into a three-hour "tough battle" with huge casualties. This is mainly due to the lack of ideological preparation of frontline commanders to solve the crisis by force. For dozens of hours, the emergency plan was not fully prepared, terrorists detonated explosives, and the hostages were in danger, so they had to take action. This incident left a bloody lesson for the "Alpha" special forces.

Israeli special forces

1953, Israel began to set up its own special operations forces, which were carefully selected from the army and trained in special skills. Then this newly established army was named Israel 10 1 Army. By 1954, Israel decided to consider the need for war, coping with domestic emergencies and stopping civil strife. The brigade is mainly composed of brigade headquarters, four battalions and other support forces. 1967, in the third Middle East War, the 202nd Paratrooper Brigade was renamed as the 55th Paratrooper Brigade. After 1960, Israel used special forces to fight frequently, and changed from emergency action to anti-terrorism task. At present, Israeli special operations forces, as special forces, are reinforcements and supplements to general task forces. In recent years, they have played an important role in dealing with emergencies, reconnaissance behind enemy lines, psychological warfare, agent sabotage and counter-terrorism. From June 65438 to July 0976, Israeli special operations forces raided Entebbe International Airport in Uganda, Africa, which was the largest and most influential operation. This battle occupies an important position in the history of Israeli military operations.

1On June 27th, 976, an Air France passenger plane was hijacked by four Palestinians and two West Germans in Athens to Entebbe airport in Uganda. Of the 242 passengers on board, 105 were Israelis, who were put under house arrest as hostages in the airport terminal. The hijackers demanded that Israel send 53 Palestinian prisoners to Uganda for exchange within a specified time limit, or the hostages would be executed. In order to rescue the hostages, Israel set up an operation headquarters headed by Prime Minister Rabin and Defense Minister Perez, and the commanders of infantry and paratroopers drew up a military rescue plan code-named "Operation Lightning".

Four "C- 130 Hercules" transport planes of the Israeli Air Force secretly took off from Israel in the dark and landed at Entebbe International Airport without notifying the ground control tower there in advance. An hour before midnight, Israeli troops quietly landed at Entebbe International Airport. Subsequently, the Israelis got off the transport plane with a black Mercedes and several jeeps of the escort and headed straight for the old terminal. Ugandans think this is the motorcade of Edie Amin or other senior Ugandan officials. The three groups of commandos rushed to their respective targets according to the predetermined plan, and the whole operation was as smooth as the rehearsal in advance. It took 10 minutes to capture the terminal, 20 minutes to rescue the hostages, 10 minutes to check, and 12 minutes to return to the plane. It took only 53 minutes from 1 Israeli plane landing to the last 1 Israeli plane leaving! Six hijackers were killed. Another hostage was mistaken for a terrorist and killed. Three of the total *** 103 hostages died. During the raid, Ugandan troops at the airport also opened fire on Israeli special forces and killed Colonel yonatan netanyahu, the ground commander of the Israeli forces, who was also the only casualty of the Israeli army in this operation (it is worth mentioning that yonatan netanyahu is the brother of Jonathan Netanyahu, a famous Israeli politician, who served as Israeli Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999). As a reward to Kenya, the sworn enemy of Uganda's regime (it is believed that this operation was strongly supported by Kenya), and for its own safety, the 1 1 Ugandan fighter planes at the airport were also completely destroyed (these planes are basically the main force of Uganda's air force).

With their skills and intelligence, Israeli special forces created the most thrilling hostage rescue operation in history. Perez proudly praised "Operation Thunderbolt" as the longest distance, shortest time and bold action that has never been seen before. However, Ugandan President Amin first condemned the atrocities committed by the Israeli army in killing Ugandan soldiers and blowing up airplanes, but he couldn't help but praise: "As a professional soldier, I think this attack was very successful. The Israeli contingent is really amazing! "

German GSG9 special forces

German GSG9 special forces is the abbreviation of the ninth brigade of German border guards. 1972, the Palestinian "Black September" organization hijacked and killed 1 1 Israeli athletes who participated in the 20th Olympic Games from the Munich Olympic Village, during which the rescue operation of Bavarian police completely failed. This incident forced the International Olympic Committee to decide not to hold this Olympic Games, leaving an unbearable shame for the German government. Therefore, the German government decided to set up a special anti-terrorism force, namely the GSG9 Special Force. Its headquarters is located in August, 3 kilometers east of Bonn, and it has about 350 members, which are organized into several battle groups. It is always in a state of war and has strong combat effectiveness. Is a world-famous veteran special forces, the representative work is to participate in the 65438-0977 anti-robbery machine war at Mogadishu airport in Somalia.

1977 65438+1October 13, a Boeing 737 of Lufthansa of the Federal Republic of Germany was hijacked by four terrorists on the way to Germany, with 87 passengers on board. The hijacked flight was finally forced to land in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. On the way, the terrorists shot and killed a hostage.

The German government urgently dispatched 30 GSG9 members to carry out rescue operations. They tracked the hijacked Boeing 737 to Mogadishu. The operation was commanded by Juris Wagner. With the cooperation of British Airborne Secret Service and Somali forces, GSG9 members secretly approached the hijacked plane in the middle of the night of 17. At 2 o'clock the next morning, in order to attract the hijackers' attention, Somali troops first lit a fire in front of the plane to attract the terrorist leader Akazi and another terrorist to the cockpit, and the GSG9 action team took the opportunity to climb along the wing to the emergency exit. At 2: 07, they forcibly opened the emergency exit and threw flash bombs and smoke bombs into it, making the hijackers in the cabin blind for a while. At this time, 20 GSG9 players waiting at the front and rear engine rooms immediately rushed into the engine room. While the hijackers were still rubbing their eyes, the MP5 bullet in GSG9 opened the heads of three hijackers, and another 1 hijacker was captured after being seriously injured. It took only five minutes before and after the whole operation, all the hostages and crew were rescued, and the heroes of the ninth brigade of the German border guards returned home in triumph. Officers of the U.S. special forces once said that the 9 th Anti-Terrorism Brigade of the Border Guard is a force that does not hesitate to use the most advanced equipment, and its superb combat skills are unmatched by its opponents.

Patch: In the hijacking incident, the Boeing 737 cabin was small and the target was mixed between the hostage and the seat. This environment is very strict with the size and accuracy of firearms. The MP5 submachine gun equipped with GSG9 is only 660 mm long and weighs 2.45 kg, which can better meet the requirements of small space operations. This action proved the accuracy and power of MP5, and the gun became famous overnight. Since then, special forces all over the world have greatly favored this kind of gun, and have chosen this kind of gun as a special anti-terrorism gun.