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There is an urgent need for a paper of about 3000 words, the content is not limited, as long as the format is correct. . .
At present, the unemployment in China is still overpopulated. This is a basic situation. At present, unemployment is only the expression of total surplus unemployment, or transitional unemployment superimposed on the background of total surplus unemployment. Transitional unemployment is brought about by economic system transformation, economic structure adjustment and reorganization of state-owned enterprises. In fact, it can be divided into structural unemployment and friction unemployment. This problem has a long history, and the only way to solve it is to fight a protracted war.
Unemployment has great negative social effects, and the existence of unemployed people will greatly affect the social and economic development. First, the existence of unemployment has caused a huge waste of social human resources. From a macro point of view, overpopulation is a waste of labor resources, and the labor force cannot be put into the production process, which directly blocks the road of creating value and hinders economic growth and social development. Second, the existence of unemployed people poses a threat to social stability. A good social order and a stable social environment are based on a stable and relatively fair interest pattern. Unemployment generally occurs in a relatively stable small number of people, who have neither job nor income and are under great pressure from family and society. Therefore, they are prone to serious psychological imbalance, and often become high-risk groups of many social security problems, causing social crisis and social unrest. Third, the existence of unemployed people has aggravated urban and rural poverty. Vigorously promoting the reemployment of laid-off workers is an inevitable requirement for deepening enterprise reform, improving social security system and accelerating economic restructuring, an important prerequisite for maintaining social stability, and an urgent task for alleviating employment pressure and solving current outstanding contradictions.
(B) Shipanqiao community residents unemployment analysis
1. Low level of education or technology affects re-employment.
In practice, the vast majority of laid-off workers aged 40-60 are laid off because of their low educational level and can't meet the needs of social competition and job competition. At the same time, due to their own knowledge, skills, age and other restrictions. The most prominent thing is the number of years of education, which means that the more years of education laid-off workers have, the higher their professional titles or technical level, and the lower the difficulty of finding a job in the process of re-employment. In other words, laid-off workers' personal education, functional skills and health eventually formed their human capital, which made them unable to find jobs as soon as possible. Residents aged 40-60 are just the main group after resuming the college entrance examination and before attaching importance to academic qualifications, so most of their education years only end in junior high school, and a few reach the high school level. So for the current college students and undergraduates, they have no competitive capital at all.
2. Age factors affect re-employment
According to the above statistics, 89% of the unemployed people in this community are residents aged 40-60, which accounts for a large proportion. The reason why these people are unemployed and have low education level is because of their own physiological conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and heart disease. The prevalence rate is much higher than in the past.
3. Gender factors affect reemployment
According to the above statistics, it can be concluded that the laid-off rate of female workers is higher than that of male workers. In addition to the above two reasons of education level and age limitation, it is also a fact that women of the same age are weaker than men in physical function. Secondly, among the two male and female employees of the same age and the same education, men have stronger self-confidence in life and work than women, and men are far less distracted in taking care of their families than women.
4. Inadequate thinking affects re-employment.
The contrast between the large demand for labor in society and the rare re-employment of laid-off workers is obvious. For example, there is a great demand for labor in some fields. Domestic service, environmental sanitation, commercial service, marketing, insurance, security, tourism and primary industry can absorb a large number of labor, but the number of laid-off workers who are re-employed is very small. The main reasons are as follows: (1) There are ideological obstacles in labor. Some laid-off workers said, "I used to hire a nanny at home, but now I'm going to be a nanny. I quit." There are also some laid-off workers who don't want to do some dirty, bitter and tired work. Many of them think, "I can do these jobs and do them better than migrant workers, but I would rather get less money than do these jobs;" (2) There is a situation that "the eye is superior and the hand is inferior". Many laid-off workers are unwilling to earn small money or big money, thus losing some opportunities for re-employment; (3) One-sided understanding of reemployment. Most laid-off workers think that they are self-employed or unemployed, and only jobs rearranged by the government are jobs.
5. Poor psychological quality and low sense of self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy refers to people's confidence or belief in their ability to achieve behavioral goals in a specific field. Bandura, a famous American psychologist, put forward the theory of self-efficacy from 65438 to 0977 and used it to explain career development. Self-efficacy has also become the core of the psychological research of laid-off workers' reemployment, and is often regarded as an important psychological factor to predict reemployment. Bandura believes that self-efficacy is a self-belief in the ability in a specific field, which reflects the control and prediction level of individuals in solving special events in life. For example, Julie Julie Andrews mentioned in her latest autobiography "Home" that she auditioned for MGM when she was 12 years old. Andrews wrote, "I looked so ordinary at that time that they had to put some makeup on me." "The final conclusion is,' She is not photogenic enough.' "Laid-off workers think that their ability is not enough, which reduces their sense of self-efficacy. The original qualified jobs have also been erased, and they naturally cannot be re-employed.
6. Lack of service mode affects re-employment.
The vast majority of laid-off workers face difficulties in re-employment due to their own limitations. Some of them need social services, help and support, such as low education level, old age, lack of professional knowledge or single major, narrow technical skills, invalid re-employment information and lack of re-employment funds. Nowadays, social training in various names is mixed, and laid-off workers may not be able to learn real skills even if they spend money. The government has not invested enough in the training of laid-off workers' business skills, nor has it done enough in standardizing social education. At the same time, the lack of re-employment intermediary services is also an obstacle to the re-employment of laid-off workers.
7. The imperfect social security mechanism has affected re-employment.
The imperfect social security mechanism is an important factor restricting the reemployment of laid-off workers. Laid-off workers think that "no one can tell what will happen in the future." Now, even if they find jobs and engage in self-employment, they will always feel insecure without the labor relations and sound social security of the original enterprises.
Third, how can the community change the reemployment concept of laid-off workers?
(A) in-depth understanding of laid-off workers' employment concept and employment barriers
When solving the problem of re-employment, we should not only consider the problem of "posts", but also consider the problem of "people". It is necessary to fundamentally change the concept of workers' job selection and employment, so that they can get rid of their current mentality of having too high expectations for employment and unrealistic hope to find comfortable, relaxed, well-paid and relatively stable jobs, and enhance their sense of competition in employment and job selection. It is necessary to break the old employment concept formed under the condition of long-term planned economy and establish a new concept adapted to the socialist market economic system. For example, we should establish the concept of self-employment. It is recognized that labor mobility is the inherent need of the market to allocate resources. Under the condition of market economy, it is normal that some people are unemployed and some employees are temporarily laid off. The key is to adjust your mentality in time after being laid off, not to be discouraged, not to complain and not to rely on others in the face of difficulties, to strive for self-reliance and actively seek employment opportunities; We should establish a flexible concept of job selection. We should see that the world of choosing a job is very broad. Whether in state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, township enterprises, or foreign-funded enterprises, individuals and private enterprises, they may find jobs that give full play to their talents. It is necessary to establish the concept of competitive employment and realize that fierce market competition puts forward higher requirements for the quality of workers. Employment depends on competition, and employment depends on skills. With one more skill, there is one more choice and one more way out.
The first edition of Daqiao Community registered the unemployed 1893, and the actual number was even higher. Among them, 1000 people expressed their unwillingness to work as security guards and cleaners provided by the community. The reason why the community provides such jobs for them is that the labor and social security workers have a deep understanding of their own skills and specialties, and those people have no special skills and specialties, resulting in a situation of high and low.
(b) Understand that unemployment will persist for a long time.
First of all, laid-off workers should understand that the factors of labor surplus caused by China's large population will exist for a long time; Secondly, with the acceleration of the reform of state-owned enterprises, some rich people gradually quit their original enterprises, and the number of people who jump ship and find jobs again will gradually increase; Moreover, in the competition, enterprises will inevitably lose their jobs because of bankruptcy, or be laid off because of changing production. It can be said that unemployment is also a companion of market economy.
Although the laid-off policy has promoted the formation of the labor market to a certain extent, with the extension of the unemployment duration of laid-off workers, the laid-off policy has become an obstacle to the marketization of the labor force, and also hindered the establishment and improvement of social unemployment insurance system under the market economy system.
(C) improve their own quality
The government should vigorously promote employment, and workers should not blindly complain that jobs are hard to find, but actively improve their employability. Only by learning a skill can we have an advantage in the market competition. Only by mastering relevant knowledge can the road to re-employment go smoothly.
In April 2009, the Hangzhou Municipal Government agreed to issue "education vouchers" to citizens of working age, which is undoubtedly a great catalyst for laid-off workers to deepen themselves and improve themselves. According to incomplete statistics, hundreds of laid-off workers in the community have come to collect vouchers, and said that they will be used for operational and high-tech projects such as learning computer operation, caring for the elderly and making multimedia works.
(D) change the concept of employment
When laid-off workers leave home, they should change the dependence thought formed under the planned economy for many years; When choosing a job, change the concept of inferiority and pick and choose; When encountering difficulties, abandon the negative emotion of "waiting for help". It is much more glorious to earn income by one's own labor than to wait for relief.
In late February this year, Wangjiang Street held a job fair for unemployed residents in the community. Most of these jobs do not require high academic qualifications and technical level, so they are well received by unemployed people in the community. A mentioned above also went to the job fair, and the social worker of labor and social security in Shibanqiao community reserved the post of cleaner in the water community according to her own characteristics (the water community is a community with a relaxed working environment, not far from her home). At first, A felt that being a cleaner was too hard and her salary was not enough, but with the patient persuasion of social workers, she gradually understood the reason and accepted the job with the psychology of finding while doing.
(5) Cherish opportunities, be dedicated and love their jobs.
Today, we are facing a big change, that is, from the traditional employment model to market employment. The employment mode of "a lifelong employee once you enter the company" is gone forever. Everyone should love their jobs and work hard. If you are unemployed, you should also improve yourself, adapt to the market and re-enter the competition with a positive attitude.
Fourth, the way to solve the reemployment of laid-off workers
(A) expand employment assistance channels
In practice, due to the constraints of cultural quality, professional skills and age, the speed of reemployment of laid-off workers is gradually slowing down, and a number of vulnerable groups are gradually forming. At the same time, many laid-off workers should not only take care of the elderly, but also raise their children. After failing to achieve re-employment, some families encountered serious difficulties. Therefore, when expanding jobs, large-scale employment assistance channels should be launched.
In 2006, Hangzhou issued the 4050 policy, that is, women who have obtained employment assistance certificates and have reached the age of 40 and men who have reached the age of 50 can sign this agreement and renew it every year. The government can help them solve their jobs and return the contractor about 1.7 million yuan every year. A mentioned above is one of them. Through the matchmaking of the community, A is now working in Shuifang Senior Apartment, and her work in the Senior Apartment is not only very stable.
(2) Open up more employment opportunities and actively create jobs.
Doing everything possible to open up employment opportunities and do a good job in re-employment is the key to maintaining the stability of enterprises and society, and also the guarantee to promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. At present, first, we should vigorously develop the tertiary industry, especially the community service industry, which has great potential and much to do; Second, attract more laid-off workers by developing the individual and private economy; Third, actively encourage self-employment; Fourth, we should create public welfare jobs; Fifth, the dominant enterprises develop diversified operations through the separation of main and auxiliary, and arrange redundant personnel as much as possible.
To solve the employment problem in accelerating development, we must take increasing employment as the focus of our work and bring it into the strategic goal of national economic and social development. Further emancipate our minds, broaden our thinking and do everything possible to open up employment opportunities. In addition, it is necessary to further establish and improve the market-oriented employment mechanism, enhance the mobility of the labor force, and create employment opportunities in the flow; Overall consideration of urban and rural employment issues, combined with the adjustment of rural economic structure and the implementation of urbanization strategy, increase farmers' non-agricultural jobs. Accelerating development and expanding employment are unified. As long as we really pay attention to it and take practical actions, we will certainly be able to expand employment in accelerating development.
(3) Improve employment services and strengthen re-employment training.
Strengthening re-employment training, improving the technical level of laid-off workers and broadening the employment channels of re-employment training are aimed at instilling market economy knowledge into laid-off workers and improving their re-employment skills. Many countries in the world regard vocational training as an active employment policy and a means to solve unemployment. Combined with the actual situation in China, re-employment service agencies at all levels adhere to the basic policy of training and re-employment. At present, some laid-off workers are basically recognized. They think that training is very helpful for finding suitable jobs, but it also reflects that only a few respondents have received re-employment training, which shows that the government has not really attracted laid-off workers in re-employment training. Therefore, when the government conducts re-employment training in the future, it should pay attention to publicity and try to let most people know what training is. The government's labor and employment training departments and employment service departments must update their working concepts, actively adapt to the changes in market demand and the requirements of job selection, and improve and perfect the training services for laid-off workers. Vocational guidance is the golden key to the re-employment project.
During my internship, I personally saw the social workers of community labor security helping more than a dozen laid-off workers to contact various positions. No matter what their working attitude is after they find a new job, just look at the way our social workers contact them. The author summarizes the following points:
The reemployment of laid-off workers has certain regularity. For different types of laid-off workers, different vocational guidance methods should be adopted to realize one key to open one lock.
The first category is: you can adapt quickly after being laid off and feel that being laid off is a good opportunity. They have higher requirements for re-employment and hope to get a job that can give full play to their abilities. This requires them to find their advantages accurately, encourage them to exercise themselves in the new environment and recommend creative jobs, so that they can't play a new career in the original enterprise.
The second category is: psychological imbalance after being laid off, looking for a job with emotion, and often complaining and complaining. We should give them a chance to speak, treat them realistically, guide them to face up to themselves, understand the talent labor market, help them learn to think and recommend a specific job.
The third category is: there are some specific difficulties at home, and they are not picky about their job choices. As long as they are close to home and don't have to work night shifts on rest days, they can take care of their families. Therefore, it is not difficult for them to find jobs, such as cleaning staff and waiters on duty, and they can all accept and do well quickly.
The fourth category is: women with traditional ideas have experienced ups and downs, and most of them jump the queue to go to the countryside with high quality. After being laid off, the living conditions at home have declined, and I hope to have a stable job. Their self-confidence has been worn away by years of setbacks. We should find a bright spot in him, make him confident and recommend independent and responsible management.
The above four categories are common, and there are many more specific problems to be solved. Therefore, we must conscientiously sum up new experiences and constantly explore new ways, so that re-employment guidance can suit the remedy to the case, help laid-off workers find new jobs as soon as possible, and maintain social stability and development. To this end, the author summarizes the following points:
1, find out the intention of laid-off workers' employment training;
2. Through the sampling survey of laid-off workers and the employment training information provided by the labor department, understand the structure of students, grasp the market demand for talents, really strive to improve the overall employment ability of laid-off workers and even social citizens, and adjust the direction according to market demand;
3. Make statistical classification, forecast and analyze the market demand. On this basis, combined with the actual requirements of laid-off workers, set up a training major that meets the market demand and is convenient for laid-off workers to master skills in a short time;
4. Establish employment foundation. Training and employment institutions should establish employment assistance bases in some labor-intensive enterprises with low employment conditions and organize labor export;
5. Actively promote the employment agency system. Training employment agencies to make real efforts can improve the overall employability of laid-off workers and even social citizens.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
In short, the author takes Shibanqiao community as the case of this study, and fully realizes that the re-employment of laid-off workers in enterprises is a major economic and social issue with overall influence. The re-employment of laid-off workers in enterprises is related to the overall situation of reform and stable development, the improvement of people's living standards and the long-term stability of the country. Doing a good job in reemployment of laid-off workers is of great significance to the overall situation of society. It is necessary to fully implement the tasks and requirements put forward by the National Re-employment Work Conference, effectively ensure that work responsibilities, policies, funds and measures are put in place, and strive to create a new situation for laid-off workers to achieve re-employment.
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