Expose the last words of Emperor Chongzhen: Why can you kill a civilian?

Emperor Chongzhen's last words: Why can civil servants kill everyone? The following written materials are collected and sorted by school easy search. Let's have a quick look!

Lead: Zhu Youjian knew these were hindsight and ignored them. He bowed his head and wrote twelve words on the imperial case, so that Wang Zhixin, the eunuch of ceremonies standing aside, looked at it and then erased it. It is said that six of the words are that civil servants can be killed by everyone. In the eyes of Americans, national affairs are not good because they are in the hands of these civil servants.

Zhu Youjian, emperor of Zong Yi in Ming Dynasty, was the 16 th emperor of Ming Dynasty. Guangzong's fifth son, Ming Xizong's half brother, his mother is Liu's wife. 1622 was awarded the title of king of faith. 1627 to 1644 reigned during the Chongzhen period.

After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, he vigorously eradicated eunuchs, was diligent in political affairs, and was frugal, committing six crimes against himself. He is a promising young emperor. During his reign, the peasant uprising was rampant, and the situation in the Qing Dynasty was in chaos, which was already at the crossroads of internal and external troubles. 1644, American troops invaded Beijing, and Li Zicheng hanged himself in Jingshan Park and died for his country. It follows the teachings of Ming Taizu, that is, the emperor should defend his country and the king should perish. He is 33 years old and has been in office for 17 years.

After Zhu Youjian's death, the temple was named Zong Yi and Huaizong. In the Qing Dynasty, posthumous title kept the Tao and respected frugality, and taught Wu Tiren to be the fierce emperor of Xiao Zhuang. Emperor Nanming went to posthumous title, where the road was simple and frugal, and Wu Dunren was loyal to Emperor Xiao. There are also four spirits buried in the Ming Tombs.

Xizong died in August 1627. Because he had no children, he was ordered to succeed to the throne on the fourth day of the same month, at the age of eighteen. In the second year, the title was changed to Chongzhen. After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, facing the crisis-ridden political situation, he eagerly sought a good way to govern the country, worked hard on government affairs and did everything himself. Compared with the previous two dynasties, the state administration has changed obviously. Zhu Youjian worked hard all his life, ate supper, reviewed the throne day and night, and was frugal and self-disciplined. I don't dislike women. He lives in toil, fear, pain, irritability and anxiety every day. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, on the ninth day of July, he was temporarily exempted from the first dynasty because of minor illness, but was criticized by the assistant minister. Emperor Chongzhen hurriedly introspected. At one time, the Ming room revived.

At the same time, Zhu Youjian vigorously removed eunuchs. In November of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youjian took the opportunity to uproot Wei Zhongxian's wings, leaving Wei Zhongxian isolated. Then the imperial edict demoted Fengyang, Wei Zhongxian and Shouling, and Xuanzhi ordered them to be arrested and dealt with. After he hanged himself, he ordered the body to be buried in the river. Since then, more than 260 eunuchs have been executed and sent to garrison or life imprisonment, which has dealt a fatal blow to the arrogant eunuchs. Correct the unjust prison and re-enable the officials who were dismissed during the apocalypse. Yuan Chonghuan was appointed minister of the Ministry of War, and gave Fang a sword, entrusted with the important task of recovering all Liao. Compared with the previous two dynasties, the state administration has changed obviously.

Zhu Youjian is eager to seek treatment and hopes to make a difference. However, due to many contradictions and accumulated disadvantages, it is impossible to fundamentally improve the political situation in a short time. He increased taxes, increased the number of troops, made every effort to prevent the late Jin regime that ruled the Northeast, and suppressed the peasant army headed by Li Zicheng and Zhang. Dissatisfied with the foreign minister, Zhu Youjian reused another group of eunuchs after getting rid of the eunuchs headed by Wei Zhongxian. Give eunuchs the power to supervise the army and prefect the Beijing camp. A large number of eunuchs were sent to local towns, above the local governors. Even the eunuch prime minister, my Ministry

The last few difficult days

For Zhu Youjian, the first ten days of March in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen was the last hard day. While recruiting hard-working teachers from all aspects, we should also raise our salaries. One way is that criminal bureaucrats held in prisons can make amends by donating their wages; The second way is that all royalty and senior bureaucrats donate their salaries according to their official ranks and ranks. The former seems to have some effect, because it can offset crimes, so-called spending money to eliminate disasters. The latter is almost ineffective because it is a free donation. Only eunuchs around the emperor, such as Wang, donated 52,000 yuan for his charity.

The rest of the senior bureaucrats are like misers, penniless. Minister Wei Zaode only symbolically donated five hundred and twenty pieces of silver. Chen Yan, the minister, pretended to be poor in front of the emperor, claiming that he was always clean, never asked for bribes to sell officials, and never donated a silver or two. Those royal family members are rich, but they are stingy and refuse to contribute to the country. The emperor sent eunuchs to raise money from his father-in-law Zhou Kui. Zhou Kui never let go. He was so angry that the eunuch left a sentence: the old royal family was so stingy that the tide was gone! What's the use of your savings if you lose your land?

Eunuch Wang Zhixin is a famous rich man in Kyoto. The emperor raised money for him and reluctantly donated twelve thousand pieces of silver. The eunuchs who earned enough money in the imperial court tried their best to put up advertisements for selling this house on their houses and set up stalls to sell antiques and sundries, as if they were too poor to sell SARS. These royal slaves even grumbled and wrote limerick on the palace gate: there is no one here, but there is their place. It shows that the Ming dynasty is at the end of the road, and there is no cohesion at all. Those who were attached to the Ming Dynasty and were in the ascendant had already left Germany. They are not without money, but indifferent to the demise of the dynasty. Later, the peasant army captured Beijing and plundered it. Under the threat of extorting a confession by torture, Wang Zhixin took out 102000 taels of silver, and Chen Yan also took out 42000 taels of silver. The peasant army copied more than 502,000 houses in Zhou Kui.

This is an ominous sign that a dynasty is about to die.

At this point, Zhu Youjian can only do his best. On the one hand, I felt the corruption of bureaucrats and issued a decree to the Sixth Ministry and the Duchayuan. On the other hand, in order to win the hearts of the people, he issued an Amnesty order to the whole world, and made a profound review of his achievements in 17:

19 17 The war between Liaodong and the Central Plains was a last resort. After years of fighting, taxes and factions increased. The original intention was to appease the people. As a result, the burden on the people has increased. This is my fault.

A corrupt official took the opportunity to plunder and exploit wantonly, which made people's lives difficult. This is my fault. I can't help but observe in the inner palace.

The generals are weak, the soldiers are arrogant and desperately refuse to kill the enemy. On the contrary, they burned and plundered people and regarded them as enemies. This is my fault. I appointed a non-human person, which caused the ulcer to fester.

With a sigh, I hated it, and I deserved it. I told the people that the military and horses were diligent, the tax increase was exempted, and everything that was inconvenient for the people was cancelled, and a new situation was to be opened. I hope Niu Jinxing, Liu Zongmin and others who follow Li Zicheng will be pardoned and not investigated. He also said that after the unrest subsided, we must appoint talented people to govern the country, reform the corrupt politics in the past, and reform with everyone.

These words reveal Zhu Youjian's desire to save the failure, which can be said to be insincere, but after all, it is too late to help now. Tan, a historian in the early Qing Dynasty, commented that if this imperial edict was promulgated last year, people from far and near would be moved by it. Now that the situation has changed greatly, disaster will come at any time, and it is very dangerous to leave Beijing. Who would believe it?

12 in March, the peasant army approached the suburbs of Beijing, and the ruling and opposition parties shook. Zhu Youjian called the minister to ask for countermeasures, but everyone could do nothing but say "promise".