Introduction of Zuo Qiuming

Zuo Qiuming was a historian in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. Lu people are all blind. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a blind historian named Bi, who recited and told ancient history and legends and passed them on from mouth to mouth to supplement and enrich written records. Zuo Qiuming is one of them. Legend has it that he wrote Zuo's Chunqiu (also known as Zuo Zhuan) and Mandarin. The two books recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and preserved original materials with high value.

Chinese name: Zuo Qiuming.

Alias: Lu Junzi

Nationality: China ancient Lu.

Birthplace: Junzhuang, the capital of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Date of birth: about 502 BC

Date of death: about 422 BC

Occupation: Historian in the Spring and Autumn Period

Masterpieces: Zuo Chunqiu and Mandarin

profile

The life of the character

Character talent

Character thinking

humanity

World admiration

All the great masters of history have a family background and profound knowledge.

Noble sentiment, the wind of a gentleman

The main work Zuo Zhuan

Mandarin

There is no lineage relationship between Zuo Qiuming's lineage and Zuo's physiognomy.

Zuo Qiuming's descendants changed their surname to Qiu.

The Multi-source Patterns of Zuo Qiu and Zuo Qiu's Surnames in Zuo Qiuming

Yuheng Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, the Hometown of Characters

Zuo Qiuming cultural tourism area

profile

The life of the character

Character talent

Character thinking

humanity

World admiration

All the great masters of history have a family background and profound knowledge.

Noble sentiment, the wind of a gentleman

The main work Zuo Zhuan

Mandarin

There is no lineage relationship between Zuo Qiuming's lineage and Zuo's physiognomy.

Zuo Qiuming's descendants changed their surname to Qiu.

The Multi-source Patterns of Zuo Qiu and Zuo Qiu's Surnames in Zuo Qiuming

Yuheng Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, the Hometown of Characters

Zuo Qiuming cultural tourism area

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character introduction

Zuo Qiuming (1)

Historians in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Lu (now Shandong Feicheng). Qiu Mingming was named Zuo Qiuming because his father was a historian. He used to be a teacher of Lu, contemporary with Confucius or a little earlier. Blind, so later generations are also called blind left. Legend has it that he wrote Spring and Autumn Annals.

Zuo Qiuming's works (20 pieces) Zuo Zhuan (or Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals for short) mostly illustrate the Spring and Autumn Annals with historical facts, which started in the year of Luyin (722 BC) and ended in the twenty-seventh year (468 BC). Mainly taking notes, the description is meticulous, and the words are vivid and concise, which fully reflects the society at that time. He also wrote Mandarin, which recorded the historical facts of the royal family, Lu Qijin, Zheng Chu and Wu Yueguo from the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period (about 967-453 BC) respectively, and emphasized the narration of the words of the monarch and the minister, which was the earliest national history in China. Zuo Qiuming (about 502 BC-about 422 BC), surnamed Qiu, was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Qiuming is learned and virtuous, and Confucius is ashamed. Yue: "Miao Yan, make color, full of respect, Zuo Qiuming is ashamed, Qiu is also ashamed;" If you hide grievances and make friends with others, Zuo Qiuming will be ashamed and Qiu will be ashamed. "A surname of the Han Dynasty Sima Qian called him' the gentleman of Lu'. About Zuo Qiuming's hometown, it is now Donghengyu Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province. As a descendant of Emperor Yan, Zuo Qiuming is rich in ancient books such as astronomy, geography, literature and history. As a left historian of Lu, he was conscientious and had both ability and political integrity, which was admired by people at that time. He also edited and revised the national history, worked around the clock for more than 30 years, and finalized the biography of Zuo in the Spring and Autumn Period, which lasted more than 200 years, 1.8 million words. Its historical, literary, scientific and military value is immeasurable, and it is highly praised by historians and literati of all ages. He also wrote a famous historical work, Guoyu, which became a historical and cultural masterpiece together with Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 45 1 year BC, Zuo Qiuming died and was buried in the northeast of Donghengyuan Village. In 647 (twenty-first year of Tang Zhenguan), Li Shimin named Zuo Qiuming a "master" and built a stone workshop in front of the tomb. 1530 (the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), Zuo Qiuming was named as a "former Confucian" by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. 1642 (the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), Zhu Youjian named Zuo Qiuming a "saint". 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty), in order to avoid Confucius' anonymity, the word "Qiu" was added to "Qiu" in sequence, and Qiu's family background was later than that of Zuo Qiuming.

Zuo Qiuming's Portrait (4) is judged by Liu Xiang's lost essays, Zuo Qiuming's Award to Zeng Shen and Lu Deming's Preface to Classic Interpretation. It is known that Zuo Qiuming's date of birth is roughly the same as that of Confucius' disciple Zeng Shen and Cao's T-shirt in his later years. That is, Zuo Qiuming should be the grandson of Confucius in age and was born in the middle of Lu's rule; According to the names of historical figures in Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, we can see that Zuo Qiuming should have died during the reign of Lu. Late fifth century BC. Zuo Qiuming is the founder of Chinese traditional historiography. He has two historical masterpieces, Zuo's Chunqiu and Guoyu.

The life of the character

Zuo Qiuming (2)

[1] Zuo Qiuming, the grandson of Jiang Ziya, lives in Yingqiu, the capital of Qi State, which is now Linzi, Shandong Province. In order to avoid the disaster, the whole family went to Chu and then to Lu. Zuo Qiuming's grandfather was Zuo's of Chu. In 506 BC, Zhou Tianzi led his ministers to crusade against Chu. In order to preserve the classics, he led his descendants to leave Chu State to Lu State and settled in Shihengyu Village in Feicheng. In order to make future generations not forget their ancestors, he named his surname "Qiu" for ancestral fiefs. Yixiang dedicated these ancient books to the state of Lu in order to preserve them. His son is also familiar with historical events and was appointed as an official of Lu. Later, Zuo Qiuming's stepfather was a Lu official. Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, written by Zuo Qiuming for more than 30 years, is called Zuo Zhuan, which is the first historical work with complete narrative in China and also a literary work with great achievements. Zuo Qiuming had an eye problem in his later years, so he had to resign and return to his hometown, and soon became blind. A strong sense of historical mission cheered him up, and recorded what he had seen and heard for decades, the important news of various events and the volatile words of the monarch and the minister, and compiled a famous historical masterpiece "Mandarin". Guoyu is the earliest existing national history in China, and together with Zuo Zhuan, it has become a historical and cultural masterpiece. Around 45 1 year, Zuo Qiuming died of illness and was buried in Yuheng Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng, his hometown. [2]

Character talent

As a descendant of Emperor Yan, Zuo Qiuming is rich in ancient books such as astronomy, geography, literature and history. As a left historian of Lu, he was conscientious and had both ability and political integrity, which was admired by people at that time. Confucius said, "Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of his clever words, good manners and full respect, and Qiu is also ashamed of it. Hatred and friendship, Zuo Qiuming shame, Qiu also shame ". He also edited and revised the national history, worked around the clock for more than 30 years, and finalized the biography of Zuo in the Spring and Autumn Period, which lasted more than 200 years, 1.8 million words. Its historical, literary, scientific and military value is immeasurable, and it is highly praised by historians and literati of all ages. He also wrote the famous historical work Guoyu, which became a historical and cultural masterpiece together with the biography of Zuo Shi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Character thinking

The author's thought is Confucianism, which reflects the interests and demands of the people at that time. When describing historical facts, the author clearly shows his positive or critical attitude towards those historical events. What he affirmed was something that conformed to his Confucian viewpoint. He affirmed the moral principles such as "Yi Jun, what I did, what my father did, what my son was filial, what my brother loved and what my brother respected" (Zuo Zhuan was hidden in the public for three years), and he also affirmed the benefits of "benefiting the people" and "protecting the country" from those moral viewpoints. He criticized the so-called "anti-morality" that undermined moral principles, such as "being cheap is detrimental to your dignity, being young is long, being distant relatives are new, being small is big, and being lewd is against justice" (Zuo Fu lived in seclusion for three years), and also criticized the failure of the ruling class to be arrogant and extravagant. The ideological progress and limitations of this book are manifested in these aspects. As a descendant of Emperor Yan, Zuo Qiuming is rich in ancient books such as astronomy, geography, literature and history. As a left historian of Lu, he was conscientious and had both ability and political integrity, which was admired by people at that time. Confucius said, "Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of his clever words, good manners and full respect, and Qiu is also ashamed of it. Hatred and friendship, Zuo Qiuming shame, Qiu also shame ". He also edited and revised the national history, worked around the clock for more than 30 years, and finalized the biography of Zuo in the Spring and Autumn Period, which lasted more than 200 years, 1.8 million words. Its historical, literary, scientific and military value is immeasurable, and it is highly praised by historians and literati of all ages. He also wrote a famous historical work, Guoyu, which became a historical and cultural masterpiece together with Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 45 1 year BC, Zuo Qiuming died and was buried in the northeast of Donghengyuan Village. In 647 (twenty-first year of Tang Zhenguan), Li Shimin named Zuo Qiuming a "master" and built a stone workshop in front of the tomb. 1530 (the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), Zuo Qiuming was named as a "former Confucian" by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. 1642 (the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), Zhu Youjian named Zuo Qiuming a "saint". 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty), in order to avoid Confucius' anonymity, the word "Qiu" was added to "Qiu" in sequence, and Qiu Zai's family background was later than that of Zuo Qiuming.

humanity

Zuo Qiuming is highly praised by Lv Hou for his noble character and magnanimous mind. The existing "Zuo Zhuan, Jing She Zhi, Commending the Holy Map" in the archives of Confucius' House contains: "Master Zhao: The Duke of Lu wants to take Confucius as Stuart, so he will invite Sanhuan to discuss it and call it Zuo Qiuming. Zuo Qiuming said:' Kong Qiu is a saint, and her husband is a saint. He is not in his post. Although I want to ask, will it meet? Lu Hou said,' Does my son Xi know about this? Zuo Qiuming said,' Zhou people love and cherish fur, and they want fox skin to make their precious fur; I want to have sex with sheep for the treasure of juvie. Before he died, the fox fled to the bottom of the heavy hill; The sheep is hidden in the depths of the jungle. Therefore, Zhou people didn't commit a dime in five years, and less than one prison in ten years. who is it? Zhou's plan fell through. Now you should treat Kong Qiu as Stuart, call Sanhuan to discuss it, and please the fox and sheep. Therefore, Lu Hou did not ask for Sanhuan, but called Confucius Stuart. "Zuo Qiuming has won the respect and love of the world. Confucius regards him as a gentleman and respects him as Zuo Qiuming, saying that he likes and dislikes." "feicheng county annals" (11th year of emperor Kangxi of Qing dynasty) contains: "le zhengzi said in spring:' zi is suitable for fat. Fat is a gentleman. Zuo Qiuming was called "the gentleman of Lu" in Historical Records, and Feicheng was named "the city of gentlemen". "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang" contains: "Confucius said: Miao Yan, Miao Yan, full respect, Zuo Qiuming shame, Qiu also shame. If you hide grievances and make friends with others, Zuo Qiuming is ashamed and autumn is ashamed. " Confucius also studied the history of Zhou Dynasty with Zuo Qiuming and compiled Chunqiu. Confucius' Notes on the Zhou Dynasty said: "Confucius will compile the Spring and Autumn Annals, ride with Zuo Qiuming, enter the Zhou Dynasty, and read the book History of the Zhou Dynasty. After the Spring and Autumn Annals was returned, Qiu Ming passed it on, which was both inside and outside. "

World admiration

Zuo Qiuming tomb

Zuo Qiuming's character and great contribution to human history have been respected and admired by the world. Shortly after Zuo Qiuming's death, people called the place where he wrote Zuo Zhuan Jing She a place of protection and repair. In the early Han Dynasty, when Feicheng set up a county, Zuozhuan Jingshe was built in the county, and the monument was rebuilt. Gong Xue was first established in Zuo Zhuan during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty (1-6). During the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-56), Zuo Zhuan was re-established. Biographies of Zheng Xing, Fan Sheng, Chen Yuan, Jia Kui and Zhang Ba in the later Han Dynasty contained: Your Majesty knew that Qiu Ming was a wise man, personally influenced by Confucius, and later generations of rams spread the rumor of Gu Liang, so he wrote Zuo Shi. Xiahou Zhan in the Jin Dynasty wrote a poem praising Zuo Qiuming, saying, "The chaos in the world, the victory or defeat, is the worry of a scholar. Qiu Ming is a saint and is interested in Chunqiu. Whispering and fleeing, the side line does not flow. I am gentle and eager to train. " In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (637), Emperor Taizong Li Shimin issued an imperial edict, and twenty-one people, including Zuo Qiuming, were entitled to the Confucius Temple, and Zuo Qiuming was named the "master" to worship it. Zuo Qiuming's descendants planted Huai for this purpose, calling it "Xie". In the first year of Xiangfu in the Song Dynasty (1008), Zuo Qiuming was posthumously named Qiu Bo with a towel as the main sacrifice, and was given the 47th generation to Sun Fangqiu. The following year, Pingyin County ordered Wang to satirize and rebuild Zuo Zhuan Jing She, and set up a monument to play it in detail. In the first year of Zheng He (111), Evonne, Song Huizong made its capital in Zuo Qiuming. The Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty (who once held a flat chapter under the door of Zhongshu) also praised Zuo Qiuming in a poem: "I am afraid of leaving home, and I am familiar with the Tao and I am against the king. According to the classics, use it slightly. Words have a aftertaste, and people are bound at the end of light. Qingxitu, the land of Guanglu. " Li Xi, a scholar of Yuan Zhen, and Academician Zhang Qiyan both praised Zuo Qiuming's poems, or called them "the rule of article historiography" or "a man who is blind but not blind". In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1 year), Qiu Siqi, a descendant of Qiu Ming in Feicheng County, rebuilt Zuo Zhun Jing She. In the 9th year of Jiajing (1530), Zhu Hougui, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, named Zuo Qiuming as a "former Confucian", built a tomb door, and wrote "the tomb of the former Confucian" by himself. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Zhu Youjian, the Yi of Ming Dynasty, named Zuo Qiuming a "saint". Feicheng county magistrate, the sixty-fourth generation grandson of Zuo Qiuming, specially ordered Zuo Zhuan Jing She Zhi. Zuo Zhuan Jing She Zhi consists of five volumes, including portraits, biographies, monuments, essays and genealogy. Addendum to the six years of Qing Qianlong (174 1), now in the archives of Qufu Cultural Relics Management Committee. In the Qing Dynasty, the sixty-eighth generation of Sun Qiu Xingjian and the sixty-ninth generation of Sun Qiu Yujie in Zuo Qiuming donated more than 7,200 yuan to rebuild the Gong Xue and Yangmen in the county, and Emperor Xianfeng gave a book "Dunchong Mingjiao" to show his trip. The duke's feast and Kong Guangqi, the seventieth grandson of Confucius, were attacked and engraved with a plaque of "inheriting the Tao first and keeping the Tao". In the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1725), in order to avoid taboo, the imperial edict added "city" to all the hills except the Four Books and Five Classics, and rewritten Qiu Ming and his descendants' Qiu characters as "Qiu". In the early years of the Republic of China, Chou He, a descendant of Qiu's family in the Qing Dynasty in Minhang, and Qiu, a scholar in Taiwan Province, thought that Yongzheng had done injustice and demanded the restoration of Qiu in the "city" and the original surname of his ancestors. I have heard of Qiu's response and restored Qiu's surname, but I have never heard of Qiu's, and I still use the word Qiu. Therefore, Qiu and Qiu Ben are descendants of Zuo Qiuming. In the 16th year of Qianlong reign (175 1), the Qing court ritual department reconfirmed that Qiu Zhisun was born for worshipping the world, and gave him a sacrificial land of 18 mu. Zuo Qiuming and Confucius lived in the same era. Confucius shared his likes and dislikes and called him a gentleman. He is a noble and respectable Confucian and saint. Zuo Qiuming's works and academic thoughts are an important part of Confucian culture. Zuo Zhuan is an informative and incisive chronicle with high historical and literary value, and it is also one of the famous military works and historical classics in China.

Edit this paragraph, master history.

Family background, knowledgeable.

According to legend, Zuo Qiuming is a descendant of Jiang Taigong, king of Qi. After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou enfeoffed the princes, and Jiang Taigong was sealed in Qi State for destroying the merchants, both in Yingqiu. After the death of Jiang Taigong, the eldest son Ding Gong? After he succeeded to the throne, his youngest son lived in Yingqiu and changed his name to Qiu. Ding Gong? After the death of III, Aigong ascended the throne. At this time, the monarch of the State of Qi was at odds with him, so he went to the King of Zhou to provoke the relationship between Aigong and Aigong, causing Aigong to be cooked in a rage. Sad for the younger brother of Gong Jing, and made him a vassal. Khan, the younger brother of Aigong's mother, refused to accept it, and organized his comrades to lead the troops in the camp and kill him, making himself king. At that time, Lou Jia, an Indian descendant, was forced to take part in the court struggle against Khan. Although the struggle was won, the flesh and blood ate each other, and Lou Jia was accused of killing the king, so he left Qi for Chu, which became the left history of Chu. At that time, the official position was often inherited by the father, so the ancients often took the official position as their surname. The Lou family and their descendants were left historians of Chu, so they changed Qiu's surname to left and settled in Chu for a long time. Sun Xiangyi, the twelfth generation of Lou family, is known as "the first phase of Zuo family" in history. He is an outstanding historian in the Spring and Autumn Period and has a high political status in Chu State. Live together and have a son. When he became Zuo's family, there was a civil strife in Chu for the monarchy: the son of Chu killed his monarch, and then he was killed by his son. In order to escape the civil strife, Cheng defected to Lu and made a history of Lu. Zuo Qiuming, the son, was the official of Lu and attacked his father. From the time when the illegitimate child took Qiu as his surname, he went to Lou's house and changed his surname to Zuo, and then he moved to Lu to avoid chaos. Zuo Qiuming's ancestors changed their surname from Jiang to Qiu and from Qiu to Zuo. At the same time, they also experienced bumpy migration in Qi, Chu and Lu, which can be said to be a distant family background and tortuous evolution. Zuo Qiuming's son is knowledgeable, proficient in Confucianism and Taoism, knowledgeable and noble in character. Sun is knowledgeable and has long been a doctor of Lu. Four generations of Sun Cheng is an extraordinary hermit with outstanding talent. During Wang Mang's New Deal, scholars from all over the world were recruited for use, and Sun Qi of the 15th generation was also recruited. Because I didn't want to work for Wang Mang, and I was worried that Wang Mang would harm myself, I changed my surname to Qiu and fled to seclusion. In the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1725), Emperor Qianlong, in order to show respect for Confucius and avoid anonymity, ordered Qiu's clan to change their surname to "Qiu". After the Revolution of 1911, Qiu, a juren from Fujian and Hangzhou, and Qiu, a scholar from Taiwan Province, proposed to restore the original Qiu surname. This advocacy was echoed by Qiu's relatives in coastal areas, overseas and Shandong, and "Qiu" was restored to "Qiu". However, many people still use the original "Qiu" surname because they don't know about this initiative. In this way, among Zuo Qiuming's descendants, there appeared three different surnames: Zuo, Qiu and Qiu, and the descendants of these three different surnames were all talented people.

Noble sentiments make a gentleman.