Interpretation of Urban Management Terminology _ Interpretation of Urban Management

Urban management is an applied subject that comprehensively studies urban management theory and method, urban governance structure and urban public policy. I'll sort out the relevant information about the explanation of urban management terms for you, hoping to help you.

Interpretation of urban management terms

Urban management refers to the decision-making, guidance, standardized coordination, service and business behavior around the operation and development of the city by taking the city as an open complex giant system, based on the basic information flow of the city, using a series of mechanisms such as decision-making, planning, organization, command, coordination and control, and adopting legal, economic, administrative and technical means, through the interaction of the government, market and society. Urban management in a broad sense refers to the management of all urban activities, including political, economic, social and municipal management. Narrow urban management usually refers to municipal management, that is, the management of urban infrastructure, public service facilities and social public affairs related to urban planning, urban construction and urban operation.

The operation of urban infrastructure, public service facilities and social affairs constitutes the environment for urban economic and social development, and urban management plays a fundamental role in urban economic and social development. As the main body of urban management, the city government plans, organizes, directs and controls the movement process of the managed objects by adopting specific means and organizational forms according to specific objectives and management principles. Urban management includes three parts: pre-planning management, mid-term construction management and post-operation management.

Interpretation of urban planning terms

international

city planning

Soviet Union (urban planning principle): Urban planning under socialist conditions is the continuation and further concretization of socialist national economic plan and productivity layout.

Japan (emphasizing technology): Urban planning is a technical means of urban spatial layout and urban construction, aiming at creating a good living and activity environment reasonably and effectively.

Britain (Encyclopedia Britannica): The purpose of urban planning and transformation is not only to arrange urban forms? Buildings, streets, parks, public facilities and other requirements in the city, and more importantly, to achieve social and economic goals.

United States (National Resources Council): Urban planning is a science, an art and a policy activity. It designs and guides the harmonious development of space to meet the needs of society and economy.

domestic

Urban planning is to achieve the economic and social development goals of the city in a certain period of time, determine the nature, scale and development direction of the city, make rational use of urban land, and coordinate the comprehensive deployment and specific arrangements of urban spatial layout and various constructions. Urban planning is the basic basis for the construction and management of cities, and it is one of the important means to achieve the goal of urban economic and social development on the basis of ensuring the effective allocation of urban spatial resources and rational use of land.

Urban planning and construction mainly includes two meanings, namely urban planning and urban construction. The so-called urban planning refers to the strategic and comprehensive work of formulating a plan suitable for the overall development of the city according to the objective conditions such as the geographical environment, human conditions and economic development of the city, so as to coordinate the development of all aspects of the city and further make comprehensive arrangements for the spatial layout, land use and infrastructure construction of the city. The so-called urban construction refers to the planned infrastructure construction of energy, transportation, communication, information network, landscaping, environmental protection, etc., which is the process of realizing the relevant deployment of urban planning. A successful urban construction requires the perfect combination of man-made and nature, the organic unity of science and beauty, and the realization of economic, social and environmental benefits.

The main function of urban planning

city planning

To build a good city, we must have a unified and scientific urban planning and carry out the construction in strict accordance with the planning. Urban planning is a systematic, scientific, policy and regional work. It should predict and reasonably determine the development direction, scale and layout of the city, carry out environmental prediction and evaluation, coordinate the relationship between all aspects of development, and make overall arrangements for various constructions, so as to make the construction and development of the whole city technologically advanced, economically reasonable and economically reasonable. Flesh and blood? The comprehensive effect of harmonious and beautiful environment has created good conditions for urban people to live, work, study, transport, rest and various social activities.

Urban planning, also known as urban planning or urban planning, refers to the pre-consideration of urban space and material development. Its object focuses on the material form of the city, involving the regional layout of industry, the regional layout of buildings, the setting of roads and traffic facilities, and the arrangement of urban projects.

The knowledge structure of China's ancient urban planning is based on ancient philosophy, and it integrates hundred schools of thought such as Confucianism, Taoism and France. The most striking point is to emphasize the unity of man and nature, and Taoism is natural.

First, the means of macroeconomic regulation and control

Under the market economy system, the development of urban construction depends on the operation of market mechanism to a certain extent, but will pure market mechanism operation appear? Market failure? This phenomenon has been proved by a large number of economic research institutes. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to intervene in the operation of the market. The means of this intervention are various, including finance (such as currency, taxation, financial procurement, etc. ) and administration (such as administrative orders, government investment, etc.). ), while urban planning intervenes in the market behavior in urban construction and development by regulating the use and allocation of urban land and space, thus ensuring the orderly development of the city.

The reason why urban construction and development need intervention lies in the strong externalities of various construction activities and land use activities. In all kinds of construction, private development often makes full use of the external economy and pushes its own external diseconomy to the society, thus adversely affecting the surrounding areas. Usually, the external diseconomy is produced by the economic activity itself, which does not damage the activity itself, or even directly produces by the improvement of its activity efficiency. In the absence of external intervention, activists constantly improve the efficiency of activities for their own interests, resulting in more external diseconomy, resulting in contradictions and interest relations that the market itself cannot adjust. Therefore, it is necessary for the public sector to control all kinds of development, so that the new development and construction can avoid negative impact on the surrounding areas, thus ensuring the overall interests.

Second, protect the public interest.

Cities are highly populated areas. When a large number of people live in a relatively narrow area, they form some common interests, such as reorganized public facilities (such as schools, parks, amusement places, etc.). ), public safety, public health and comfortable living environment. It also involves the protection of natural resources and ecological environment, and the protection of history and culture. These contents are usually called in economics? Public goods? Because there are public goods? Nonexclusive? And then what? Noncompetitive? The characteristics of these commodities, that is, everyone in society can use these commodities and benefit from their use, so it is impossible for the providers of these commodities to obtain direct benefits, which is inconsistent with the market principle of pursuing maximum benefits. Therefore, in the operation of market economy, it is impossible for the market to provide public goods consciously. This requires government intervention, which is one of the foundations of government intervention under the market economy system.

Through the analysis of social, economic and natural environment, combined with the arrangement of future development, urban planning arranges all kinds of public facilities from the perspective of social demand, provides the basis for the realization of public interests through the arrangement of land use, and ensures that public interests are not harmed through open control. For example, according to the population distribution, schools, parks, recreation places and infrastructure are arranged to meet the living needs and convenience of residents, create suitable living environment quality, and at the same time make the operation of facilities relatively economical and save public investment. At the same time, in the process of urban planning implementation, ensure that all public facilities are in harmony with the surrounding construction.

Natural resources, ecological environment, historical and cultural heritage and natural disaster-prone areas are protected and controlled by means of space control, so that these resources can be effectively protected and the public can be protected from geological disasters.

Third, coordinate social interests and safeguard fairness.

Social interests involve many aspects. As far as the role of urban planning is concerned, it mainly refers to the coordination of social interests generated by land and space utilization. In this respect, the coordination of social interests also involves many aspects.

First of all, the city is a pluralistic and complex society, and it is also an area where different types of people are highly concentrated. For their own survival and development, each group wants to seek the most suitable and beneficial development space, so there is bound to be competition between them, which requires mediators to deal with related competition affairs. Under the market economy system, the government bears such responsibility.

Secondly, through the way of development control, coordinate the interest relationship between specific construction projects and surrounding construction and use.

Fourth, improve the living environment.

Human settlement environment involves many aspects, including the relationship between cities and regions, cities and rural areas, the relationship between various settlements (cities, towns and villages) and the natural environment, the relationship between cities, and the relationship between various elements in settlements at all levels. Urban planning comprehensively considers all aspects of social, economic and environmental development, starting from cities and regions, rationally arranges various production and living facilities and improves various supporting facilities, so that various development factors of the city can coordinate with each other in the future development process, meet the needs of production and life, improve the environmental quality of urban and rural areas, and provide a unified framework for future construction activities. At the same time, from the perspective of social public interests, we should implement space control, ensure public safety, protect natural, historical and cultural resources, and build a high-quality, orderly and sustainable development framework and action plan.

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