Our government is concerned about unemployment. What measures have been taken? !

People's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to employment and reemployment. Recently, the executive meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the executive meeting of the State Council specially listened to the report on the re-employment work, and decided to hold a national forum on re-employment work at an appropriate time to further promote the re-employment work. Since the Party Central Committee and the State Council held the National Re-employment Work Conference in September last year, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Conference and the Notice of the Central the State Council on Further Improving the Re-employment of Laid-off Workers (Zhong Fa [2002] 12, hereinafter referred to as the Notice), strengthened the organization and leadership of the re-employment work, successively introduced supporting implementation measures, and gradually established the target responsibility system. However, at present, the progress of regional work is uneven, and some areas have problems such as slow progress, unclear responsibilities and inadequate policies and measures, and the work has not yet achieved remarkable results. At present, China's employment pressure is great, the structural contradiction of employment is quite prominent, the re-employment problem of difficult groups has not been alleviated, and the employment situation is still grim. The sudden outbreak of atypical pneumonia, in particular, has increased the uncertainty of China's economic development environment, brought new difficulties and adverse effects to employment, and the task of achieving this year's work target is quite arduous. In order to further improve employment and re-employment, we will do everything possible to achieve the goals of net employment of more than 8 million people this year, re-employment of laid-off workers of more than 4 million people (including 6,543.8+0,000 "4,050" people), and control the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns at around 4.5%. With the consent of the State Council, the relevant issues are hereby notified as follows:

First, strengthen leadership and implement responsibilities.

(a) all localities should properly handle the relationship between the prevention and treatment of atypical pneumonia and economic work, focusing on the prevention and treatment of atypical pneumonia and economic construction. Governments at all levels should take the promotion of employment and reemployment as a major event to safeguard the overall situation of reform, development and stability from the perspective of realizing the long-term stability of the country, continue to consolidate and strengthen the responsibility system of reemployment, and put this work on the important agenda. Five specific work objectives, namely, net increase of jobs, implementation of re-employment policies, strengthening re-employment services, increasing investment in re-employment funds, and helping disadvantaged groups to find jobs, should be taken as the important contents of assessing whether the work of governments at all levels and relevant departments is implemented, decomposed at different levels, and guaranteed from measures, capital investment, supervision and inspection. In addition to the areas where the SARS epidemic is temporarily serious, other areas should implement the re-employment target and complete the progress on a monthly and quarterly basis, and implement the departmental responsibility system.

(2) Strengthen the organization and coordination of employment and reemployment. The State Council has decided to establish an inter-ministerial joint conference system for re-employment, which is composed of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the General Office of the State Council, the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Supervision, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Construction, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Central Organizing Committee and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Under the direct leadership of the State Council, strengthen the unified coordination of departments, timely report the implementation of the work of various departments, analyze new problems in the work, and study and solve policy difficulties. Local governments at all levels should also establish leading institutions for reemployment work accordingly, and form a working mechanism of unified leadership and division of labor and cooperation. All relevant departments should establish a top-down promotion mechanism to implement the re-employment policy, schedule the work progress quarterly, and establish the basic ledger of grass-roots units and the statistical system of this system. All departments should strengthen coordination and close cooperation, and truly form a joint force of * * * management and * * * promotion of policy implementation. We should give full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of trade unions, women's federations and Communist Youth League organizations and mobilize the whole society to participate in them. Qi Xin makes concerted efforts to do a good job in employment and reemployment.

Second, intensify efforts to fully implement policies.

(3) Governments at all levels and relevant departments should fully implement the spirit of the Notice and accelerate the implementation of various re-employment support policies such as tax reduction and exemption, social security subsidies, job subsidies, micro-loans, employment services, industrial and commercial registration, and venue arrangement. All prefecture-level cities should formulate measures for the implementation of various supporting policies before the end of June, establish labor security platforms in streets and communities, and put institutions, personnel, funds, venues, systems and work in place to ensure the full implementation of policies before the end of July. Local labor and social security departments should adjust measures to local conditions, further improve the methods of issuing re-employment concession cards, strengthen standardized management, speed up the examination and issuance of re-employment concession cards, ensure that qualified laid-off and unemployed people receive preferential cards in time, and regularly inform the tax and industrial and commercial departments about the situation. In the concrete implementation of various support policies, all localities and relevant departments should proceed from helping to solve practical problems and actively promoting re-employment, earnestly ensure that all re-employment policies that have been promulgated are implemented to the letter, and strive to create a more relaxed employment and re-employment environment. According to the principle of territorial management, all localities should incorporate the reemployment of laid-off workers from central enterprises into their local reemployment work plans and make overall arrangements for their implementation.

(four) governments at all levels should adjust the structure of fiscal expenditure according to the actual needs of re-employment work, implement re-employment funds, and allocate them in full and on time. In 2003, the special transfer payment funds for the central government to subsidize the basic living security and reemployment of laid-off workers from local state-owned enterprises have been issued, which are linked to the actual investment of local funds and the effectiveness of their work. All localities should increase investment in re-employment funds according to the needs of the objectives and tasks such as net increase of jobs, strengthening re-employment services and helping the disadvantaged groups to re-employment, and make overall arrangements for the use of basic living security funds for laid-off workers, so as to timely allocate, strengthen management and improve efficiency.

(five) all regions and relevant departments should study and solve difficult problems in policy implementation in a timely manner in light of the actual situation. The Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China are responsible for organizing commercial banks to formulate detailed rules for the implementation of small-sum secured loans for laid-off workers, urging handling banks to increase loan issuance as required, simplify loan procedures and improve handling efficiency. Governments at all levels should actively take measures to put the guarantee fund in place before the end of June, so that the microfinance guarantee business can be carried out as soon as possible. The taxation and industrial and commercial departments at all levels should take the effectiveness of supporting the reemployment of laid-off workers as an important part of departmental assessment, and implement relevant tax reduction and exemption policies in strict accordance with regulations, and shall not discount the implementation of relevant tax reduction and exemption policies on the grounds of completing tax collection tasks. For the tax exempted according to the policy, the tax collection task of grass-roots units can be offset accordingly. The Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and other departments should further clarify the standards of commercial enterprises that enjoy the re-employment support policy, refine the operating procedures of separating the main and auxiliary parts of state-owned enterprises, simplify the examination and approval procedures, and enable localities and enterprises to accurately implement the policies.

Third, vigorously develop jobs and broaden employment channels through multiple channels.

(6) All localities should strive to achieve the dual goals of sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy and promoting full employment, and put forward specific measures to organically combine economic development with job creation and to expand domestic demand and employment in a benign interaction according to local conditions. Vigorously develop the tertiary industry and labor-intensive industries with comparative advantages and market demand, encourage the development of various ownership economies with large employment capacity, such as individual, private, foreign investment and joint-stock cooperation, actively develop small and medium-sized enterprises with market demand, continue to develop labor employment service enterprises, promote cross-regional labor cooperation and foreign labor export, and do everything possible to create jobs and re-employment opportunities for laid-off and unemployed people. Actively promote the construction of urban communities, vigorously develop socialized service posts, and guide more laid-off and unemployed people to achieve re-employment in the field of community services. At present, special attention should be paid to combining the prevention and treatment of atypical pneumonia with the development of community environmental sanitation, cleaning and disinfection and other public welfare posts to help people with employment difficulties achieve re-employment.

(seven) governments at all levels and relevant departments should actively use various reemployment support policies to encourage service-oriented enterprises to absorb more laid-off workers; Encourage laid-off workers to choose their own jobs and start their own businesses, and realize re-employment through flexible and diverse ways such as part-time, temporary, seasonal and flexible work; Encourage qualified large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to resettle surplus personnel through reorganization and restructuring, separation of principal and auxiliary, etc.

Fourth, strengthen employment services and establish a reemployment assistance system.

(eight) governments at all levels should establish and improve the public employment service system, and fully implement the policy of free re-employment training and free employment introduction. We must strengthen the construction of labor market information network. It is necessary to widely implement door-to-door service, instant service and commitment service, and generally promote the "one-stop" service of carrying out various employment services and social insurance business in the same place. Efforts should be made to improve the pertinence, practicability and effectiveness of re-employment training, improve the system of free vocational training and job introduction, and mobilize all sectors of society to carry out re-employment training and intermediary services. Labor and social security departments at all levels should identify the qualifications of vocational training institutions and employment agencies run by the society, and give subsidies according to the training and re-employment effects. We should vigorously carry out entrepreneurship training, combine project development, entrepreneurship guidance, small loans, tax relief and follow-up support, and promote employment through entrepreneurship. It is necessary to speed up the study and formulation of policies and measures to encourage flexible employment, and do a good job in providing social insurance services for laid-off workers.

(nine) to establish and improve the reemployment assistance system, and do everything possible to help older people with employment difficulties to achieve reemployment. This work should be carried out from the government, departments to the grassroots. Governments at all levels should pay close attention to the establishment of a vacancy reporting system for public welfare posts, and give priority to "4050" personnel for public welfare posts formed by government investment. Street labor and social security institutions and community workers should find out the base number of "4050" personnel, establish accounts one by one, provide them with special help and convenient services, and effectively help a group of older people with employment difficulties to achieve re-employment.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) consolidates the achievements of "two guarantees" and completes the connection of the three guarantee lines.

(ten) governments at all levels should continue to implement the funds, to further consolidate the "two guarantees", no new arrears. It is necessary to further strengthen the connection of the three security lines and actively and steadily solve the problems arising from the merger of the basic living security system for laid-off workers and the unemployment insurance system. For newly laid-off workers and laid-off workers who leave the center, we should do a good job in social insurance and provide unemployment insurance according to regulations. Those who meet the minimum living guarantee conditions for urban residents should be included in the minimum living guarantee in time. Laid-off workers whose agreement expires shall, in principle, leave the center and terminate their labor relations with the enterprise. For laid-off workers who are temporarily unable to terminate their labor relations after the expiration of the agreement, governments and enterprises at all levels should continue to use the funds raised by various existing capital channels to ensure their basic livelihood.

(eleven) do a good job in the minimum living guarantee for urban residents. The eligible urban poor residents will be included in the scope of protection in time, so as to achieve "all insurance should be guaranteed". Properly handle the relationship between the minimum living guarantee and employment promotion. Urban residents who have the ability to work and the desire for employment but have not yet been employed should participate in public welfare employment training activities organized by the community while enjoying the minimum living guarantee for urban residents.

Six, strengthen supervision and inspection, increase publicity.

(twelve) governments at all levels and relevant departments should pay close attention to the establishment of top-down government and departmental supervision and inspection system, establish a bottom-up social and mass supervision and reporting mechanism, and supervise, urge, inspect and evaluate the re-employment work. Before the end of May, cities at or above the local level and relevant departments should generally establish a supervision and reporting system for re-employment policies, announce the supervision and reporting telephone number to the public, and accept the supervision of the society and the masses. Starting from June, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security will summarize the progress of re-employment special work around the country on a monthly basis, and summarize the completion of major targets on a quarterly basis, and notify local governments (areas where the SARS epidemic is still serious can be appropriately postponed). Governments at all levels should also establish a notification system for re-employment work, understand the progress of the work and promote the implementation of the work. The State Council will organize special supervision in the third quarter of this year, and take the way of combining local self-inspection with supervision of relevant departments in the State Council to effectively implement the re-employment policy.

(thirteen) to strengthen the management of the labor market and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

All localities should combine the implementation of re-employment support policies, strengthen labor supervision, organize a major inspection of the employment situation of enterprises, and investigate and deal with illegal acts such as employers' failure to sign labor contracts, abuse probation, default and deduction of wages, and refusal to pay social insurance premiums according to law. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of all kinds of intermediaries and severely crack down on illegal professional intermediaries and all kinds of fraud. It is necessary to further improve the labor protection and occupational safety and health of workers.

(14) All regions, relevant departments and news organizations should continue to publicize policies to promote reemployment to the masses, enterprises and grass-roots units through various forms, vigorously publicize the concern and support of the party and government for laid-off workers, continue to guide laid-off workers to change their employment concepts, set and publicize a group of laid-off workers' reemployment examples and enterprises to absorb laid-off workers' employment, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to support and help laid-off workers find jobs.

General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

May 2003 12

Source: Unemployment on the website of the Ministry of Labor is an inevitable product of the developed commodity economy. At the same time, because necessary and reasonable unemployment can play a regulatory role in the process of social reproduction, it is unnecessary and impossible for us to completely eliminate unemployment. What we should do is to take effective measures to control the unemployment in our country within a reasonable and moderate range.

1 Necessary measures should be taken as soon as possible to speed up and deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, change the operating mechanism of enterprises, and realize large-scale loss-making and profit-increasing of state-owned enterprises. In this way, it can not only reduce the number of laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises, but also increase the effective demand for labor. Here, we want to focus on the important influence of the relationship between expanding the decision-making power of entrepreneurs and strengthening the democratic management and supervision of employees in the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. In the process of enterprise reform in China, it is understandable to expand the decision-making power of entrepreneurs, but how to ensure that this power is not abused is an unavoidable problem for anyone, and it has not been solved in fact. In real economic life, because the state and employees can't control the behavior of factory directors (managers), and many people actually have no management ability or even sense of responsibility, it is a common phenomenon that enterprises make mistakes in business decisions and then go bankrupt. More seriously, when the power of the person in charge of the enterprise expands or even gets out of control, it often leads to corruption. In fact, there are quite a few enterprises in trouble or bankruptcy, and the responsibility of the person in charge is quite great. In this way, it is extremely abnormal and inappropriate for employees to bear the risks and consequences of laid-off unemployment when the behavior of the factory director (manager) is beyond their control. Therefore, in order to make state-owned enterprises turn losses into profits in a large area and make the rights of employees commensurate with the risks they take, it is necessary to strengthen democratic management and supervision of employees.

The role of the government should be strengthened in solving the problems of unemployment and reemployment. We believe that, in general, a government management system should be established to coordinate employment with economic and social development, and the employment issue should be included in the macro-control policy and the management system of capital construction, technological transformation and joint venture and cooperation projects. Specifically, the strengthening of the government's role should be mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the government should take effective measures to cultivate new economic growth points as soon as possible to increase the effective demand for labor; Second, the government should vigorously develop various free employment agencies, dredge employment information, communicate employment channels, standardize some private employment agencies that charge fees at present, and resolutely ban those fraudulent private employment agencies; Third, we can consider increasing the government's investment in re-employment training for unemployed workers, establishing employment training guidance centers in various industries and industries, improving and improving workers' professional skills and adjusting their knowledge structure and technical structure by strengthening vocational training; Fourth, as a short-term measure, we can consider holding various public construction projects by the government in the near 2-3 years when the reform of state-owned enterprises is crucial, so as to temporarily alleviate the pressure of re-employment; Fifth, we can consider helping some workers move from old industrial cities and regions with serious unemployment problems to new economic growth areas and cities; Sixth, as a short-term measure, we can consider appropriately limiting the disorderly and excessive inflow of surplus labor to towns and regions with serious unemployment problems in recent years, so as to reduce the jobs with limited competition with urban labor.

Take some preferential policies and vigorously develop "labor-intensive" industries, especially the tertiary industry. It should be pointed out that China has great potential to develop the tertiary industry. According to statistics, from the perspective of the number of employed people, among the total number of employed people in the tertiary industry in China from 65438 to 0994, the proportions of several countries are: 72.8% in the United States, 62.7% in Japan, 59.4% in Germany and 56% in Russia, while only 23% in China. In the development of tertiary industry, vigorously developing regional economy and community economy is an optional scheme.

Vigorously develop flexible and diverse forms of employment such as flexible work, part-time work and hourly work, and broaden employment channels.

5. Increase publicity. Change the concept of workers' job selection and employment, free them from the mindset that a considerable number of people have too high expectations for employment and unrealistically hope to find comfortable, relaxed, well-paid and relatively stable jobs, and enhance their sense of competition in job selection. At the same time, the government should implement necessary preferential distribution policies for hard, dirty, tiring and dangerous jobs, such as reducing or exempting some taxes of these departments and industries, so as to attract workers to work in these departments and industries.

Pay off the labor relations of laid-off workers. As we all know, enterprises in China used to implement the policy of low wages. Under this system, wages are actually only a part of the labor remuneration that workers should get, and the rest, together with the value created by workers in surplus labor, have accumulated. It can be said that China's huge state-owned assets are actually the crystallization of the labor of the broad masses of workers. Theoretically speaking, the crystallization of this kind of labor should be used to ensure the combination of workers and means of production, so as to work and obtain labor income. When we talked with many laid-off workers, they almost invariably asked the same question: we have worked in the enterprise for many years, but now we are old, our ability to find a job is limited, and the enterprise has lost money or closed down, so we have to find our own way. How to calculate the old account? In fact, this is a clear claim for compensation for labor relations. We believe that this problem should never be ignored as nonsense, and the laid-off workers should be paid off. Specific measures can be one-time liquidation, such as one-time buyout of services in Guangdong province, or installment payment; Both monetary payment and non-monetary payment such as creditor's rights, equity and even housing of state-owned assets can be considered. Or, under the principle of voluntary employees, appropriately concentrate this part of the funds to establish a training fund for unemployed employees, provide loans for unemployed people to start their own businesses or provide mortgages and guarantees for them to borrow from banks. We believe that implementing this method has at least two advantages. First, it can enhance the economic ability of unemployed workers to re-employment (for example, unemployed people can use this part of the currency to start their own businesses, or they can use this part of the currency to invest in shares and re-employment in "joint-stock cooperative" enterprises. ); Secondly, it can solve the hidden unemployment problem that some laid-off workers have actually been re-employed, but they still receive a certain income in the original enterprise, and the pressure on enterprises has not actually been alleviated. It should be pointed out that this kind of termination of labor relations can never be regarded as the loss of state-owned assets. Theoretically, this is only taken from the people and returned to the people. "

Increase the number of unemployment insurance funds, expand the coverage of unemployment insurance, and standardize the management and use of unemployment insurance funds. At present, the collection ratio of unemployment insurance funds in China is too low (the part paid by enterprises and the part paid by individual employees only account for 2%-3% of the total wages). Therefore, the collection ratio of unemployment insurance funds should be increased, especially in unemployment insurance benefits, which should be paid through legal procedures, and any enterprise or individual should pay, otherwise it will be illegal. At the same time, the government should also increase investment in the unemployment insurance fund (the theoretical basis for the government to increase investment in the unemployment insurance fund is the same as the above-mentioned theoretical basis for solving labor relations). On this basis, it is necessary to expand the coverage of unemployment insurance (at present, many places only pay compensation for several special types of unemployed people). In the management of unemployment insurance fund, effective measures should be taken to prevent the fund from being used for other purposes.

In China's socialist countries, the broad masses of workers, on the whole, are the owners of the means of production and everyone.