Financing problems and countermeasures of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings?

In order to better implement the work of energy conservation and emission reduction, the national Twelfth Five-Year Plan puts forward the overall energy saving 1 100 million tons of standard coal during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, with the specific goal of energy saving 1 100 million tons of standard coal in the construction field. Liaoning province is a big economic province, and the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings has developed to a certain extent. The market of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings needs a lot of money, and the traditional government financing model can't solve the capital demand of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, which hinders the development of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. It is imperative to optimize the financing mode of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province.

First, the financing status and existing problems of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province

Financing for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province has made some progress, but there are still some problems. There are few experiences that can be used for reference in other parts of China, and most of them are still trying. Therefore, there is no mature financing mode in the financing of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. At present, the traditional financing mode led by the government is the main financing mode for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province. In the financing process of energy-saving transformation, the financing subject is relatively single.

(A) the lack of relevant incentive laws and policies

Financing for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province has made some progress, but there are still some problems. The main reason for the slow development of energy-saving transformation is the huge funding gap. Liaoning province has not yet formed a set of relatively complete incentive policies in the field of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, which has hindered the orderly development of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings to some extent.

(B) differences in the main objectives of capital operation

The biggest problem in financing the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings is who will contribute to complete the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, which is a matter of great concern to the government, experts, property companies, owners and other relevant parties. In the process of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, it is necessary to ensure that the renovation project is completed with good quality and quantity and does not harm the interests of residents. Both the energy-saving renovation of buildings need the government to coordinate the interests of all parties, and the actual coordination work is also difficult because of many subjects.

(C) the lack of financial market support mechanisms

Generally speaking, the financing scale of a single project of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province is small, and the amount of loans required will not be large. There are many types of energy-saving renovation projects with strong professionalism, so it is difficult to form an overall economic benefit evaluation for energy-saving renovation projects. In addition, the current loan market is not competitive enough, and energy-saving renovation projects have no advantage in the financial market. These are energy-saving renovation projects of existing buildings in Liaoning Province, and it is difficult to apply for loans from large banking institutions.

(D) Energy-saving transformation has high opportunity cost and long payback period.

The formulation of energy prices in China does not pay attention to market factors such as energy scarcity and supply and demand, which makes the price level of energy products low. When investors choose investment projects, the existing building energy-saving renovation projects have low benefits, high opportunity cost, long payback period and slow effect. This makes investors' willingness to invest is not strong and investment projects are not attractive enough.

Second, the successful experience at home and abroad for reference

(A) Poland's successful financing experience can be used for reference

In the financing of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Poland, the government and owners are the main financing bodies, and the government will also set up corresponding energy-saving renovation project management institutions. Financing through government investment and personal investment channels. In the specific financing process, the government's support and incentives for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings are mainly reflected in two aspects: First, before the energy-saving renovation project is launched, special funds are given to support the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and after the project is approved by the energy-saving renovation management institution of existing buildings, the residential development bank will pay the funds needed for energy-saving renovation in the form of loans. Second, after the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings is completed, the government will repay the loans for the owners in the form of government subsidies.

(B) the successful experience of Tangshan financing for reference

In the financing of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Tangshan, the typical financing mode is that the government, heating enterprises and individual residents are the main financing bodies, and the existing buildings are reformed with financial funds, individual residents and self-financing channels through financing methods such as government subsidies at all levels, residents' investment, bank loans and enterprise financing, according to the financing proportion that each main body needs to bear before the energy-saving renovation.

Third, the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the financing of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province

(1) Improve relevant incentive laws and policies.

The government can implement two feasible incentive policies: tax adjustment and financial support. Tax adjustment is an effective financing method, and the government can play an incentive and restraint role without direct investment. Liaoning province can also make reasonable tax policies to promote the smooth development of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. For example, by levying new taxes and raising tax rates, the use cost of non-energy-saving buildings will be increased, and the renovation cost of energy-saving buildings will be reduced through tax incentives. At present, the financial support provided by the government for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings is, on the one hand, direct financial support for energy-saving renovation projects; On the other hand, it is a financial discount. In order to carry out the energy-saving renovation project of existing buildings smoothly, the government should give more financial support.

(2) Give consideration to the interests of multiple related subjects.

In the financing process of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, giving consideration to the interests of all parties is an important content to realize the diversification of the main body of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province, and it is also an important factor to be considered in the design of financing mode of energy-saving renovation. The relevant stakeholders of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings include the government, residents, heating enterprises, property units, property companies and other parties. In the financing process of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, it is necessary for the government to coordinate the requirements of all relevant stakeholders for income and take into account the interests of all parties.

(3) Improve credit financing channels and develop development finance.

Developing development finance is a good choice to improve credit financing channels. Development finance can adapt to market failure and operate under the condition of relatively backward system. Development finance can improve economic competitiveness. This financial form usually has national credit and belongs to the government. Specifically, development finance has unique advantages. First, development finance has national credit, which ensures the efficient operation and safety of funds with market performance and promotes the smooth development and construction of projects through high credit; Second, development finance realizes the government's goal in a certain period through the market; Third, development finance can effectively reduce costs and credit risks, and give full play to the organizational, political and credit advantages of local governments.

(D) the establishment of government compensation mechanism

In order to realize the diversification of financing subjects of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in Liaoning Province, the government can attract more investors by formulating and implementing preferential policies to attract investment from relevant subjects. However, we should also see that there are a lot of variables in the future economic environment changes, many of which are not entirely determined by the government's decision-making, nor are they beyond the government's control. The income of all stakeholders will change with the change of economic environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the government compensation mechanism. In the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, when the economic environment is unfavorable to the relevant stakeholders, the government compensation mechanism can be used to compensate the lost related interests accordingly. Therefore, it can reduce the worries of investors, enhance the willingness to invest, and thus promote the diversification of financing subjects for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.

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