Write a thesis (invite talents with high scores ~ ~)

Development of China Construction Industry after the Financial Crisis

The world financial crisis has had a direct and lasting impact on domestic construction projects. This paper analyzes the new contradictions and problems in the safety management of construction and installation projects under the financial crisis, and puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problems.

Keywords: financial crisis, safety management of Jian 'an project

In response to the world financial crisis, China has accelerated the reform of the investment and financing system for construction, adopted a moderately loose fiscal and financial policy, increased the scale of capital construction investment, and maintained a good development trend in the construction industry. However, from the analysis of the global economic situation, it is inevitable that the growth rate of the world economy will slow down and investment will decrease due to the financial crisis. China's economy is inevitably affected by the financial tsunami. With the penetration and transfer of the financial crisis to the real economy, the deeper impact of the future financial crisis on the construction industry will gradually emerge.

First, the direct impact of the financial crisis on construction projects

1. The investment scale of construction projects has been reduced.

Due to the poor international economic environment, China can't be immune, which will inevitably directly affect the domestic economy. For example, product exports decreased, foreign exchange income decreased, stocks plummeted, unemployment increased, consumption decreased, and economic growth slowed down. Economic depression will directly lead to the reduction of investment scale of construction projects, and many projects will be delayed or even stopped because of economic obstacles. Due to the particularity of construction engineering business, the financial crisis has a very lasting and far-reaching impact on the construction industry.

2. Competition in the construction market has intensified.

With the decline of market economy, the flow of self-owned funds for construction is insufficient, financial institutions adopt prudent policies for construction investment credit to avoid risks, and the loan conditions are stricter and the threshold is raised, which leads to the difficulty of credit funds for the construction side, the reduction of construction investment, the shrinking of projects under construction, the phenomenon of "surplus" in the construction industry, and the difficulty for the construction side to undertake tasks. In order to get the task, some people do not hesitate to take various means to participate in the competition, which intensifies the chaos and disorder of the construction market.

3. The profits of the construction industry decrease and the risks of construction projects increase.

Affected by the financial crisis, the chances of winning the bid in the construction industry are reduced, the direct income of enterprises is reduced, the cost is increased, and the project management is more difficult. Affected by the shortage of funds, the contractor's performance ability is reduced, the project cycle is extended, and the possibility of delayed payment of project funds is increased, which causes certain financial pressure on the contractor; For example, the owner's capital chain is broken, the construction project is "unfinished", and the construction party lacks the ability to repay the final settlement of the project, which leads to the loss of the interests of the construction contractor and the construction enterprise faces greater financial risks.

Second, the new problems in safety management of construction projects under the influence of the financial crisis. The financial crisis has led to the reduction of construction scale, intensified market competition, insufficient construction tasks, decreased profits of enterprises and increased risks of construction projects, which will inevitably bring new contradictions and problems to the safety management of construction projects.

1. The construction project starts without funds, so it is difficult to ensure the safety investment.

Due to the financial crisis, there is a shortage of funds for project construction. For example, if the construction subject acts improperly, the problem of fund shortage is passed on to the construction party, and the construction unit is required to invest in the construction, which leads to an increase in the pressure of capital cost of the construction unit, and the lack of capital investment ensures production safety, which is not conducive to safety management.

2. The number of construction projects has decreased, and the industry competition has intensified. Unfair competition has laid a safety hazard for the project construction.

The construction scale is compressed, the project contracting competition is fierce, and improper competition occurs from time to time, which is more likely to lead to vicious competition, which has laid unsafe and unstable factors for the project construction. On the other hand, due to the shortage of construction funds, the bidding mode is mainly based on winning the bid at a low price, with little profit margin or only a break-even loss. In order to gain profits or break even, the construction party has to reduce expenses, reduce safety expenses in terms of staffing, mechanical equipment, protective facilities, protective articles, etc., or subcontract projects, while construction and installation projects are often subcontracted projects at reduced prices, resulting in failure to implement safety measures and out of control of safety management.

3. The disorder of the construction market and the irregular behavior of the responsible subject directly affect the construction safety management.

In the final analysis, the safety problem in engineering construction is the result of chaotic construction market and irregular behavior. In the case of financial crisis, there will be economic risks in construction projects. In order to reduce the risk of construction investment, the owner does not follow the construction procedures, evades the supervision of government departments, illegally organizes project bidding, dismembers subcontracted projects or chooses construction units by black-box operation, arbitrarily lowers the project cost, illegally shortens the construction period, and deliberately defaults on the project payment; The subject responsible for the construction does not have the conditions for safe construction or the corresponding qualifications to undertake the construction task without authorization, or illegally subcontracts the project for illegitimate interests, so that the project construction has no safety guarantee; In engineering construction, design, construction, supervision and other units do not implement mandatory standards, and are ineffective in guiding, managing and supervising safety work. All the above behaviors are the root causes of safety accidents.

4. Paying too much attention to economic interests and neglecting safety work is a problem that is easy to appear under the financial crisis.

Due to the impact of the financial crisis, construction profits have decreased and income has decreased. In order to achieve the hard index of economic benefits, construction enterprises blindly pursue profits, put economic benefits in the first place, and even regard saving safety investment as a way to generate income, ignoring the inherent safety of construction and failing to tap the potential benefits of safety management, making safety work a mere formality. These behaviors are bound to distort the thinking of construction workers, dilute the awareness of safety management, make "safety first, prevention first" an empty talk, and cause safety work to be in a very passive state.

5. The economy is depressed, people are unstable, management can't keep up, and site risk factors are just around the corner.

The harsh economic environment will inevitably have a certain impact on the safety management of building construction, leading to the rise of dangerous sources in the construction site. The common risk factors in construction and installation projects are as follows: First, frontline workers have weak awareness of safety protection, poor safety operation skills, and unlicensed operation, illegal construction and risky operation occur from time to time; Second, the quality of safety protection facilities is poor, and fake and shoddy protective articles such as safety helmets, safety belts, safety nets and electric shock protectors are widely used in the construction site; Third, the safety protection measures are not implemented, and the "four ports and five borders" protection seems real, but it is useless; Fourth, the scaffolding and operating platform are not standardized, and the components are still in use with serious defects. The overall stiffness and stability of the frame are poor, scaffolding is not fully paved, and protective railings are not set; Fifth, the design of temporary electricity consumption does not meet the technical requirements, the phenomenon of disorderly pulling and connecting wires is serious, the protective grounding (zero connection) wire is loose, and the leakage protection switch fails; Sixth, the hoisting operation is contracted out to unqualified teams at will, the safety measures are not in place, and the construction operation is dangerous.

Three. Countermeasures to solve new problems in safety management Construction and installation projects are supporting and ancillary projects of construction projects, which belong to the scope of professional general contracting or subcontracting. It is managed by the project or civil engineering general contracting, and the construction is carried out under the unified organization of the project or civil engineering general contracting. It is necessary for civil engineering to provide conditions for building installation, and also to provide cooperation and cooperation for civil engineering, decoration construction and other professions. In view of the new problems in safety management of construction and installation projects under the financial crisis, the following countermeasures are put forward:

1. Strengthen the management of construction projects, standardize the behavior of construction subjects, and lay a solid foundation for safe and effective management.

First, do a good job in the planning and demonstration work in the early stage of the project, and resolutely prohibit the construction of projects that do not meet the conditions for safe production; Second, strictly implement the project licensing system to ensure that the construction funds are in place, and suspend or stop the construction of projects with insufficient construction funds or insufficient funds; Third, government departments should strengthen the supervision of bidding activities in the construction market, and severely crack down on illegal dismemberment projects, especially easy-to-dismember construction and installation projects, arbitrarily lowering project cost, setting unreasonable construction period and other behaviors that are not conducive to construction safety; The fourth is to severely investigate and deal with the operation behavior of construction projects with advanced funds, and use effective means of rule of law and administrative intervention to solve the problem of project arrears.

2. Strengthen the access management of the construction market, standardize the market competition behavior, and strengthen the enterprise safety responsibility system.

First, improve the safety evaluation of construction enterprises, and incorporate the necessary conditions for safety production such as safety management institutions, personnel setting and safety equipment into the scope of qualification standards for construction enterprises to improve the qualification level of safety production; Second, strictly implement the general subcontracting safety system, implement the general subcontracting safety responsibility, and put an end to the behavior of hosting the package, regardless of the package; The third is to strengthen the consciousness that the legal representative is the first responsible person of enterprise safety production and strengthen the implementation of safety production laws and regulations; Fourth, strictly implement the special funds for safety production expenses of Jian' an project, strengthen the supervision and management of safety investment in Jian' an project, and severely punish construction projects that do not invest in safety production according to regulations; The fifth is to strengthen the law enforcement of safety production in the construction market and maintain the safety of engineering construction.

3. Strengthen policy regulation and guidance, standardize construction safety management behavior, and establish a long-term management mechanism for safety production.

Make full use of market rules, establish an incentive mechanism, and link safety production evaluation and its assessment results with project bidding, enterprise evaluation, qualification grade and other links. Enterprises that have made outstanding achievements in construction site safety work or been rated as "double excellent" safe and civilized construction sites will be given extra points in the bidding and appraisal of high-quality projects and advanced units to improve the gold content of safety work; Units that cause safety accidents due to poor safety management shall be punished by suspending, reducing or even canceling their qualifications. According to the characteristics of construction and installation projects, strengthen the "five major safety systems" on site: first, the responsibility system for production safety, and implement the safety responsibilities of construction, supervision and construction units; Second, on-site construction personnel safety training education and disclosure system to enhance employees' safety awareness and skills; The third is the "three simultaneities" system of safety facilities, that is, the safety facilities at the construction and installation site are designed, produced and put into use at the same time as the main project; Fourth, the safety access system of construction machinery and equipment, especially special equipment, adhere to the management of declaration and filing, and ensure good access; Fifth, the safety insurance system, that is, buying buildings for construction workers at the construction and installation site.

Fourthly, thinking about the development of the real estate industry under the global financial crisis:

The world economic crisis will accelerate the integration of China's real estate industry with the world. Since the world economic crisis in 2008, the world construction industry has been generally depressed, while the real estate market in China is relatively good. With the further opening of China in the field of construction, the time is ripe for foreign investors to enter the real estate market in China, so we must make full psychological preparations. Previously, foreign businessmen (with more Hong Kong businessmen) joined hands with mainland enterprises to develop more land projects in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other cities, which attracted the attention and interest of many real estate developers. Out of a long-term optimistic view of China's real estate market, Hong Kong capital also reserves land on a large scale in the Mainland. Realizing housing industrialization is the inevitable trend of international real estate market development.

Housing industrialization is to integrate housing construction into the mode of socialized large-scale production for development, and to integrate development, design and other links for large-scale production. It can be summarized as "six modernizations", namely continuity, standardization, collectivization, scale, integration and mechanization. Some experts believe that with the entry of foreign advanced technology and excellent products, the level of housing industrialization in China will be improved in four aspects: First, accelerate the internationalization of housing standards in China; The second is to promote the improvement of China's production technology; Third, the production management system will have great changes; Fourthly, the influx of a large number of architects and designers not only brought advanced planning and design concepts and advanced socialized professional designers, but also had a significant impact on previous project planning, intermediary work and insurance bank investment.

The characteristics of the real estate industry will be more obvious. The future real estate market will present the following characteristics: first, the housing concept will change from survival type to comfort type, and the real estate production mode will change from speed scale type to quality and efficiency type. Emphasize that brand, comfort, environment and quality are the keys to housing development; Second, with the change of the dynamic mechanism of housing construction, individuals have become the largest purchase corps. The increase of population, the acceleration of urbanization and people's desire to improve housing have become the three major driving forces for housing development; Third, the real estate market is becoming more and more standardized, and the state will rectify and standardize the construction market by strengthening market macro-control, so as to realize the survival of the fittest. Real estate development enterprises with low qualifications will not survive; Fourth, although foreign-funded enterprises may not directly participate in real estate development at first, they will be involved in a large number of real estate-related businesses such as finance, evaluation, agency and consulting, which will undoubtedly promote the operation of domestic real estate in accordance with international norms and standards. Fifth, the scientific and technological content of the real estate industry will be further improved, and product upgrading will be accelerated. The future residence must have the basic characteristics of water saving, energy saving, environmental protection and intelligence. Sixth, developers will change from pursuing profits and quality to pursuing technology and talents, which will certainly promote the upgrading of housing and further improve the quality of development. Overseas professionals are also optimistic about the future real estate market in China, and they are also optimistic about the real estate industry in Chinese mainland. The real estate industry should not only rely on market regulation, but also rely on government macro-control to solve the problems in the development of the real estate industry. At present, both developed countries, developing countries and countries with transitional economies have adopted a so-called "mixed economy" model, which includes both market regulation and government regulation. Faced with rigid housing demand and increasing investment demand, it is difficult for the government to increase land supply at the same time. To achieve the goal of reasonable housing price increase, it is necessary to appropriately curb demand, that is, adopt policies such as credit and taxation, raise the purchase threshold, and increase the cost of holding real estate for a long time. The government should not only help enterprises to cultivate the real estate market, but also strengthen the guidance and management of the real estate industry.

The government should introduce new control measures to strengthen the management of the real estate industry.

Significantly increase the down payment ratio of house purchase. On the premise of the government's efforts to solve the demand for affordable housing (especially low-rent housing), preferential credit policy will no longer be implemented for the first suite. A substantial increase in down payment can curb the demand for non-viable housing to a certain extent, such as reckless demand, panic demand, speculative demand and so on. Those who are most affected are those who use the leverage principle to finance the purchase of houses. These people are either people who should not buy big houses and new houses at present, or professional real estate speculators, keeping these two groups out. Make good use of the economic lever of taxes and fees, increase the tax on the holding link under the condition of exempting the original additional taxes and fees for purchasing real estate, and implement the general real estate holding tax with increasing housing area, with the aim of increasing the long-term holding cost with the increase of housing area, which will greatly increase the uncertainty of maintaining and increasing the value of housing assets and change the expectation of earning when buying a house. Referring to foreign experience, we should introduce a property tax in line with China's national conditions as soon as possible, increase the holding cost, let more houses be used for living instead of investment, and gradually increase the tax amount with the increase of area. For speculators and the rich, it can largely eliminate their behavior of buying more houses and luxury houses with the goal of making profits from investment. Enabling them to invest their surplus funds in industry is of direct benefit to society and employment.

The increase of long-term holding cost can also make the number of second-hand commercial housing surge, making the rent in a stable state, and renting a house is more cost-effective than buying a house. In this way, more people will tend to rent a house instead of buying a house in advance beyond their actual purchasing power. At this time, the shortage of housing market will be greatly improved.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion:

The current world financial crisis is both a challenge and a rare opportunity for China's construction industry. We should meet the challenge, seize the opportunity, adjust our thinking, renew our ideas and innovate. We have reason to believe that after the storm of the financial crisis, China's construction industry will surely usher in a brilliant tomorrow.