Introduction to the knowledge of greening project cost calculation?

What does the knowledge of greening project cost calculation specifically include? The following Zhong Da consults the bidding teacher to answer your questions for your reference.

(1) What are the provisions for the cost calculation of greening projects? There are hundreds of varieties of seedlings in greening projects, and their appearances are also various. From the engineering point of view, the construction site, planting method and construction season are different. Is there any rule in the calculation of greening project cost? What standards and regulations are there at present? What are the calculation methods? In fact, these problems can be solved.

1989, according to the characteristics and laws of greening and planting projects, the Ministry of Construction promulgated the budget quota of antique buildings and garden projects, and made detailed and clear provisions on the valuation methods of garden buildings and greening and planting projects. 1993 according to the regulations of the Ministry of construction, Shanghai has compiled the budget quota for garden construction projects, which is still being implemented. With the passage of time, a series of documents and regulations have been issued. These documents and quotas are the important and necessary basis for the investment framework calculation, design budget, contract budget and completion settlement of Shanghai greening planting project. How to implement these quotas and documents is an important part of this column, and there will be special introductions one after another.

(II) Composition of greening project cost According to the provisions of the municipal construction project quota management station, the cost management department under the Shanghai Construction Committee, the greening and planting project cost consists of two major contents: one is the direct project cost; The second is the indirect cost of the project.

As the name implies, the direct cost of the project refers to the direct cost of completing the greening and planting project, which mainly includes three aspects.

1. Labor costs: including all labor costs spent on lightering, digging holes, changing soil, planting, covering soil, protecting, watering, enclosing and maintaining seedlings in the field within one month after they are purchased at the construction site.

2. Material cost: including the cost of seedlings of different varieties and specifications, as well as the cost of auxiliary materials necessary for planting. Auxiliary materials include water for seedling irrigation, straw rope for trunk protection, lead wire, and various materials such as bamboo piles, wooden piles and cement piles.

3. Mechanical expenses: including the mechanical loss expenses caused by lifting, resetting and righting when large-sized seedlings cannot be manually lifted.

Labor, materials and machinery are all stipulated in the quota. In general, it is not allowed to change at will. However, the quota is based on normal construction methods to determine labor, materials and machinery costs. Due to the ever-changing conditions and climate of the construction project, the quota also stipulates that for the uncertain factors beyond the quota, Party A and Party B shall separately increase the project cost according to the actual situation of the construction site, but only after mutual consultation and agreement, and supplementary terms shall be clearly added in the construction contract, can the project cost be increased.

The indirect cost of the project refers to other expenses that the construction enterprise must charge after the greening planting project is completed, and it is an indispensable part of the greening project cost. Including: expenditure and management expenses of technical management personnel of construction enterprises, legitimate profits of enterprises and taxes paid to the state (or higher management departments).

How much the indirect cost of the project is charged is based on the scale of the greening planting project, which is uniformly and clearly stipulated by the municipal construction project quota management station and cannot be increased or decreased at will.

(3) The basis for calculating the cost of greening planting project must first have a complete construction design of greening planting project.

The design of construction design drawings shall be designed by Party A (the owner) with the qualification of greening design. According to the investor's specific environment, topography, ornamental and use requirements and investment amount, they will design construction drawings that are not only beneficial to the function of plant growth, ornamental and use, but also ensure the rational use of funds, and allocate the number of seedlings of different varieties and specifications to achieve the expected effect of the investor.

Secondly, there should be market price information of seedlings that matches the project construction period.

The price of seedlings changes according to the fluctuation of market price in different construction time, so the expected cost of the project must be calculated according to the current market supply price of seedlings before construction, that is, the box calculation scheme of how much it costs to complete a green planting project.

Shanghai seedling market price information is based on the price information released by the municipal construction engineering quota management station, and there are generally two ways.

1, Shanghai project cost information is released in the first month of each quarter.

2. According to last year's seedling price, comprehensively determine the budget adjustment price of engineering seedling materials.

At present, the quota used in Shanghai is 1993 version of Shanghai Landscape Construction Quota, and the supporting documents generally refer to the relevant documents of greening and planting projects published after 1993. For example, earthwork cost documents, budget adjustment price of engineering seedling materials in different years, supplementary quota of greening maintenance, etc.

Finally, we need to prepare supporting calculation tools.

At present, there are two ways to prepare the budget: one is manual calculation, which must be equipped with corresponding operating tools such as budget tables and calculators.

The other is to use computer software to calculate the cost of greening and planting projects. This method must have a computer and corresponding computer software. Using computer software to calculate the cost of greening project is a standardized, time-saving and accurate method, which is the main direction of the development of project cost calculation in the future.

(IV) Calculation method of budget cost of greening and planting project The general procedure for calculating budget cost of greening and planting project is as follows: 1. According to the name, variety, specification and quantity of engineering seedlings on the construction design drawing and the corresponding unit price of seedlings in the market price information, multiply the quantity and unit price to calculate the complex price. Then add up all the complex prices and work out the total cost of seedlings needed for this project.

According to the terrain elevation required by the construction design drawing and the actual situation of terrain and soil quality on the construction site, the construction scheme is determined, and the amount of excavated materials is calculated to meet the design terrain elevation requirements and the drainage requirements required for plant growth. Then, according to the unit price of earthwork specified in the document, the cost of garbage soil and planting soil in this project is calculated respectively.

According to the relevant provisions of the construction area and quota on the construction design drawing, the labor cost required for earthwork leveling, loosening and green space arrangement must be calculated before seedling planting.

According to the name, variety, specification and quantity of engineering seedlings on the construction design drawing and the corresponding subhead base price in Shanghai Garden Construction Project Budget Quota (1993), the accumulated cost of labor, materials and machinery required for all seedlings planting in this project is calculated, which is the total planting cost of this project.

Together, the above three expenses constitute all the direct expenses of the greening and planting project. On the basis of this data, according to the rate standard and calculation program stipulated in Shanghai Garden Project Budget Quota (1993), all indirect costs of greening and planting projects are calculated.

To sum up, the total cost of a green planting project should be calculated as follows.

Total cost of greening and planting project: direct cost 1 seedling cost; 2. Earthwork cost; 3 planting costs (including green space consolidation costs) indirect costs (including management fees, corporate profits, taxes and other costs).

(V) How to determine the unit price of engineering seedlings In the greening and planting project, the cost of engineering seedlings is the main material, which accounts for a considerable proportion in the whole budget. The name, variety, specification and quantity of seedlings are determined according to the construction design drawings, and the unit price of seedlings corresponding to the name, variety and specification is determined in the following order: (1) If there is a corresponding unit price in the guidance price, the unit price of seedlings is determined according to the unit price of Shanghai Engineering Cost Information.

(two) there is no guidance price, according to the last year's "engineering seedling materials budget adjustment price" data unit price to determine the seedling unit price.

(3) When there is no corresponding seedling unit price in the guidance price and budget adjustment price of engineering seedling materials, there are generally two possible situations.

The first possibility: with the development of landscape construction, the improvement and popularization of gardening level, the introduction of garden plants at home and abroad, and the emergence of local hybrid new varieties, more and more new varieties are planted in the process of greening, which is a good thing. However, as an engineering seedling market price data collection unit, it cannot be released in time, mainly because:

(1) Whether the new garden plant varieties are suitable for the climate and environmental characteristics of Shanghai is under observation.

(2) The market price information of new varieties of garden plants is still being collected, the information is not complete enough, and the release conditions are not mature. The second possibility: Garden plants generally have an optimal seedling age transplant period. The seedling size of the project is too small to achieve the expected greening design effect; The so-called Miaoda "people move to live, and trees move to die." Therefore, in general, large-scale engineering seedling transplantation should be treated with caution. If necessary, corresponding technical protection measures should be taken (including: cutting roots in advance, packing mud balls, hoisting and transporting by large-tonnage vehicles, etc.). ), it will cost a lot of money

For the above two cases, if the corresponding price information of seedlings cannot be found, Party A and Party B can generally negotiate the unit price in advance, and the contract is clear, and settlement (credible information such as invoices and market quotations) can be adopted.

(VI) How to calculate the earthwork of greening planting project In order to ensure the normal growth of garden plants, according to the municipal standard Quality Standard for Garden Planting Soil (DBJ08-23 1-98), the earthwork of greening planting project should meet the requirements of water, fertilizer, gas, heat and various physical and chemical indicators. Therefore, it is obviously different from the general concept of earthwork in construction engineering and cannot be generalized.

When preparing the budget of greening and planting project, we must check the soil quality of the site in advance to see if it can meet the design requirements, and then reasonably calculate the earthwork quantity of the project according to the actual situation. The cost of earthwork has a great influence on the project investment cost and the later cost of seedlings. For greening and planting projects, earthworks usually have the following situations;

1. The original terrain elevation and soil quality meet the requirements of design and garden plant growth, and there is no need to increase earthwork cost.

2. The original terrain elevation meets the design requirements and does not need to be buried or unearthed, but the soil quality is too poor, so it needs to be buried in situ for deep excavation.

3. The original terrain elevation is too low, so it is necessary to plant earthwork outside the site.

4. The original terrain elevation is too high (or basically consistent with the design elevation, but does not meet the requirements of planting soil), so it is necessary to transport the garbage soil outside, and then plant earthwork.

5. The earthwork volume of the original terrain does not need to be buried or unearthed, but the terrain needs to be stacked again according to the design elevation and terrain requirements.

The construction unit shall determine the construction scheme of planting earthwork according to the above analysis and the actual situation of the construction site. To determine the earthwork construction scheme, the opinions of the designer and the competent personnel of the investor should be solicited in advance, and the corresponding written records should be handled as the basis for calculating the earthwork cost of the greening planting project.

According to the municipal standard "Technical Specification for Planting Garden Plants" (DBBJ08- 18-9 1), all or part of the soil containing construction waste, saline-alkali soil, heavy clay, sandy soil and other harmful components should be replaced with planting soil according to the design requirements. "Shanghai Garden Construction Project Budget Quota (93)" generally requires that the thickness of lawn planting soil should not be less than 30cm, that of arbor planting soil should not be less than 1.0m ... and that of shrub planting soil should not be less than 0.8m..

The calculation of earthwork volume should be based on various construction methods, such as in-situ burial of garbage soil, truck transportation of garbage soil into planting soil, artificial lighterage of planting soil field, artificial stacking of terrain, green space layout, etc.

(VII) How to calculate the earthwork cost of greening and planting projects The earthwork cost should be calculated item by item according to different construction methods, and then matched with the corresponding earthwork unit price for calculation. The cumulative sum is called the total earthwork cost of greening and planting project.

The general calculation method is as follows:

1. When the original terrain elevation and soil quality meet the requirements of greening design and plant growth, and there is no need to increase earthwork separately, the content of a green space consolidation project can be calculated. Green space arrangement is an essential construction technology before planting garden plants. Calculated by square meters, the basic earthwork price of the corresponding subtitle can be applied to the "93" garden quota.

2. When the original terrain elevation meets the design requirements, but the quality of a small amount of earthwork does not meet the requirements of plant growth, the construction method of turning the good soil deep to the surface and burying the garbage deep underground can generally be adopted. Earthwork quantity can be calculated according to the actual excavation quantity (length× width× depth), and the unit price can be selected with reference to the basic price of related subheads in Chapter 2 of "93" garden earthwork quota.

3. When the original terrain elevation is too low and the soil is obviously lacking, planting soil (car) is generally used to solve it. The unit price is based on 45 yuan /m3 within the inner ring and 30 yuan /m3 outside the inner ring (including Pudong area) specified in Huyuanding (95) No.006 document, and calculated according to the actual earthwork volume.

4. When the elevation of the original terrain is too high, and there is surplus soil to be transported abroad (or the garbage soil is not buried deeply), the unit price of planting earthwork stipulated in document Huyuanding (95)006 can be applied, and the cost of transporting earthwork can be calculated according to the actual amount of earthwork transported abroad and the corresponding unit price.

5. When the construction site is piled with undulating terrain according to the design requirements, you can refer to the base price of "Manual Soil Replacement and Earthwork Modeling" in Chapter 1 of the "93" Garden Quota, calculate the amount of soil piled up according to different stacking heights, and calculate the terrain cost of earthwork piled up according to the base price of the corresponding subtitle.

In actual construction, there is not only one situation because of the complexity, so we should distinguish different situations and calculate the earthwork cost item by item according to the different earthwork cost calculation methods introduced above.

(VIII) How to calculate the cost of seedling planting in greening project Seedling planting is an essential construction process in greening project. The calculation of seedling planting cost is to multiply the number of seedlings on the construction design by the corresponding base price of fixed planting cost, and calculate the composite price of this variety of seedlings. The cumulative sum of the composite prices is the fixed planting cost of this project.

The base price of fixed planting cost is determined according to various internal quality specifications of seedlings. The so-called internal quality specifications of seedlings are not the usual external dimensions such as height and crown diameter of seedlings, but the size indicators such as mud ball size, breast height and ground diameter of seedlings, which are essentially different.

According to the "93" garden quota, according to the different classification of seedlings, the inherent quality specifications of their seedlings are also different. Usually, when calculating, evergreen trees and shrubs are the size of mud balls; Deciduous trees and bamboo are based on DBH; Shrubs and hedges shall be subject to seedling height; Lawn planting methods are different; Climbing plants are based on different standards, such as the size of the ground diameter. , take a fixed planting cost.

So we are calculating whether the quality specifications and standards of seedlings are complete (generally, units with green design qualifications have the ability and should complete the above design requirements). Only when the quantity is correct and the quality specifications are complete can the base price of planting subtitle specified in the quota be correctly applied to ensure the correctness of planting cost calculation.

According to the "93" garden quota, the calculated project seedling planting cost, except for the planting, transplanting and protection costs of ancient trees, should include the seedling planting and maintenance work one month after the completion and handover (65,438+00 days for simple flower bed planting). The survival rate of engineering seedlings is 100%. After the handover is completed, if there are any dead seedlings, they can be officially handed over to Party A (the owner) after all replanting by the construction unit, and Party A (the owner) will carry out the daily management of the later greening and maintenance.

(IX) How to calculate the indirect costs of greening projects The indirect costs of greening projects are the legitimate profits of enterprises that must be collected and the fees paid to the state tax. Generally, it includes two parts, one is fixed and the other is fixed; The other part consists of fees that can fluctuate with the market price and information released by the quota management station.

Fixed expenses include: management expenses incurred in the construction process, enterprise profits, state taxes and management expenses paid to superior units. Their calculation is based on the labor cost in the sum of seedling cost and fixed planting cost, and is determined by percentage rate. The percentage rate is determined by the fixed management station.

The determination of the percentage rate of various expenses varies according to the scale of greening and planting projects. If the greening project is generally contracted, if the construction area exceeds 6,500 square meters according to the engineering quantity determined in the contract, it will be regarded as the second-class project, and the specified percentage rate is relatively large; If the construction area is less than 6500 square meters, the specified percentage rate is correspondingly small; If the earthwork quantity of greening project is contracted separately and exceeds 2000 cubic meters, it will be regarded as Class III project, and the specified percentage rate is small; If the earthwork volume is less than 2000 cubic meters, as four types of projects, the specified percentage rate is correspondingly small.

The expenses that can be calculated by floating method include: compensation expenses for labor, materials and machinery, and expenses that can be negotiated by Party A and Party B according to the actual differences of construction site conditions due to the complex construction conditions of various projects, which we call "organization expenses".

General quota management station will regularly publish the unit price of market price information, and each project can calculate its cost according to these unit prices and the actual engineering quantity of each project. The calculation of start-up expenses takes into account the external environment of each project.

(X) Calculation of greening and maintenance costs In recent years, in order to fulfill the requirements of the municipal government to make Shanghai a world-class metropolis, governments at all levels and enterprises and institutions have invested a lot of construction funds for the development of landscape architecture. With the rapid growth of landscaping area, the contradiction of how to calculate the maintenance cost has become increasingly prominent. Greening maintenance is the continuation of greening planting project. In order to meet the requirements of the current market economy and make the calculation of greening maintenance costs more standardized, scientific and reasonable, the municipal construction project quota management station compiled the Supplementary Quota for Greening Maintenance of Landscape Construction Projects in Shanghai (for Trial Implementation) based on the "93" garden quota model, and implemented it on 1999 1 February1day.

The protection of garden plants can usually be divided into three stages. The first stage is called planting period maintenance, and the cost of this maintenance period has been included in the base price of the "93" garden quota subtitle, so the maintenance cost can no longer be calculated.

The second stage is called survival period maintenance, and the maintenance time is calculated from the end of the first stage according to the municipal standard "Technical Regulations for Planting Garden Plants". Among them, the seedlings planted before June of that year are until September of that year; Seedlings planted after June of that year must be planted until September of the following year. The maintenance cost is calculated according to the variety and quantity of seedlings, multiplied by the unit price of the corresponding maintenance level, accumulated, and then multiplied by various coefficients specified in the quota.

The third stage is called daily property management and maintenance, and the maintenance time is counted from the end of the second stage. According to the maintenance quota, the maintenance cost should be calculated according to the base price of the corresponding maintenance registration quota subtitle, and it also needs to be multiplied by various coefficients specified in the quota. If the maintenance period is one year, the maintenance cost cannot be calculated by the coefficient method.

The so-called maintenance level means that when compiling the maintenance quota, it is divided into three levels according to the maintenance standards of various gardens in this city, namely: parks and tourist areas; Community, unit category, and define the corresponding scope of application for reference. However, in practice, it can be adjusted according to the owner's funds. For example, some key parks can calculate their maintenance costs according to the first standard, and some non-key parks can also calculate their maintenance costs according to the second and third standards, and vice versa. This can not only meet the different needs of the market supply and demand sides, but also reflect the economic principle of the reciprocal relationship between expenses and obligations.

The specific operation method of maintenance cost is "93" Garden.

(XI) How to confirm the cost of greening and planting projects The completion of the preparation of a greening project cost only represents a unilateral will, and it can only be regarded as the project cost recognized by both parties after negotiation and adjustment.

According to the spirit of the Interim Provisions of the Ministry of Construction on the Contract Price Management of Construction Projects (No.1999) and the characteristics of Shanghai's greening project cost management, both parties should pay attention to the following provisions when confirming the project cost or having a cost dispute:

First, the project cost management mechanism

Shanghai construction project quota management station is the competent department of project cost management in this city, and is responsible for the project cost management within this city. Various engineering cost consulting institutions in the society are responsible for the valuation and evaluation of engineering price consulting; Shanghai construction engineering quota management station has the functions of supervision, inspection and management for engineering cost consulting institutions.

Second, the expression of project cost

1, fixed cost. Refers to the project cost that will not be adjusted due to market price changes during the project implementation. When determining the fixed fee, the price risk factor should be considered in advance, and the scope of the fixed fee should be clearly stipulated in the contract.

2. Adjustable cost. Refers to the project cost that can be adjusted with the price change in the process of project implementation. The adjustment scope and calculation method should be agreed in the terms of the contract in advance.

3. Project cost plus expense cost. This means that the current budget quota cannot be directly applied to the project. When calculating the project cost, we can refer to the current project valuation basis and method to calculate the project cost, and the remuneration will be determined by both parties through consultation (or bidding) based on the project cost.

Three. Confirmation method of project cost According to the provisions of the bidding management department of this Municipality, the project cost shall be confirmed in the following ways for greening planting projects:

1, 1 10,000 yuan greening project, the owner shall go through the filing formalities at the bidding management department of this municipality, and determine the project cost and contractor through bidding.

2, 50 ~ 1 10,000 yuan of greening projects, the owner should go through the registration formalities in the landscaping sub-center of the Municipal Construction Engineering Trading Center to determine the project cost and contractors.

3. The greening project of less than 500,000 yuan can be negotiated by the owner and the contractor, and the project cost can be negotiated with the contractor.

(twelve) the problems that should be paid attention to when the greening project is completed. A greening construction project, from budget preparation, negotiation, cost confirmation to contract signing, is only the preparatory work of the project, and it will go through a difficult implementation and operation stage before the final cost of the project can be formally worked out. After the audit, as the basis for both parties to settle the project cost, the following issues should be paid attention to when preparing the final settlement of the greening project.

(a) the preparation of the project completion settlement, in the case of the same personnel, should be completed by the original construction drawing budget of the construction unit.

(2) Although the compilation of project completion settlement is carried out after the completion of the project, its data collection should run through the whole construction process without interruption.

(3) Data collection shall be carried out on the basis of strictly fulfilling the terms of the construction contract.

1. For fixed-cost contracts, in addition to saving normal expenses, attention should also be paid to project costs and data collection outside the scope of fixed costs.

2. For adjustable cost contracts, we should pay attention to the changes of adjustable price range and market conditions, and collect reliable original data and price basis in time so as to make reasonable adjustments during settlement.

3. For the cost plus fee contract, whether the cost expenditure conforms to the terms of the contract, and paying attention to the collection of the rationality and reliability basis of the cost expenditure is conducive to the smooth settlement of the project.

4. In addition, if there are construction measures, safety measures, claims, etc. in the contract, information should be collected and signed in time to ensure the smooth progress of construction and the conditions for reasonable recovery of project expenditure funds.

(four) the preparation of completion settlement, there are generally two methods:

1. For projects that have not changed much during the project implementation, based on the original construction drawing contract cost, according to the pricing method stipulated in the contract, and compared with the original data, make corresponding account increase or decrease, make appropriate adjustments, and finally use it as the cost settlement method for completion settlement. This method is widely used in greening and planting projects.

2. In the process of project implementation, the projects that have changed greatly must be redrawn according to the design change data. On the basis of the as-built drawings approved by both parties, the project is recalculated according to relevant data, and the settlement book of the project completion cost is compiled. This method is correct, but it takes a lot of time and energy, which often affects the timely recovery of project funds. For greening planting projects, this kind of situation is relatively rare, and this method is rarely used.

(XIII) How to approve the final cost of greening project The final determination of project cost is the main basis for project cost settlement and final payment. The final cost of a project can generally be determined in the following two ways:

First, if the investor (owner) has the ability (power) of internal audit, the final cost of greening project can be determined through internal examination and approval.

Two, investors (owners) do not have the internal audit ability (power), you can entrust social engineering cost consulting institutions to determine the final cost of greening projects.

The examination and confirmation of the final project cost is a serious and policy-oriented economic work. Examiners must have high political literacy and professional ability, and conform to the principles of fairness, legality and rationality in order to do this work realistically.

For the cost approval of greening planting projects, the appraisers must conduct formal review according to the as-built drawings, engineering change sign-off sheets, quality acceptance and other materials, and understand various change factors in the project after on-site investigation and verification. Review is generally divided into three stages: engineering quantity review, price determination review and cost calculation review. In the stage of engineering quantity verification, it is mainly to understand the calculation data of earthwork (including spoil, planting soil, earthwork lightering in the field, etc.). ) whether it is reasonable and correct in the greening and planting project, whether the earthwork quantity is a concealed project, and whether the visa procedures are complete; Whether the statistics of seedling planting varieties and quantities are correct; Whether the size of seedlings meets the requirements of as-built drawings; Whether the construction quality meets the design requirements, etc.

In the verification stage of price setting, it is mainly to understand whether the setting of various unit prices is reasonable and in line with the regulations. Including the determination of earthwork unit price, whether it meets the requirements of the document; In the calculation of earthwork volume, is there a case where low-priced earthwork is mixed with high-priced earthwork? Check whether the release period of unit price of seedlings is consistent with the construction period; If the seedling size actually planted is less than the design requirements, the corresponding seedlings with lower unit price should be selected; After determining the remedial measures for insufficient or dead seedlings (either replanting by the construction party or replanting by the owner separately), calculate the corresponding seedling expenses; At the same time, when calculating the cost of seedling planting, it is necessary to check whether there is a high fixed unit price and the number of multiple sets of seedlings.

In the verification stage of cost calculation, it is mainly to know whether the project category and positioning are correct, whether the selection of rate percentage is reasonable and whether the calculation result is correct; Whether the composition of labor, materials and machinery conforms to the provisions of the document, and whether the summary of labor quantity is correct.

Only after careful evaluation of the above three evaluation stages and careful calculation by the later price assessor can the greening project be guaranteed.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd