Community culture in the construction of community culture

I. Concepts of community, culture and community culture

(1) community

From 65438 to 0887, French sociologist F. Tonnis divided human groups into two types in his book Community and Society, namely, community and society. Society is the same social body, based on purpose, interest, contract and distance; Community is the same life, characterized by region, consciousness, behavior and interests.

Since then, sociologists have given different definitions of community from different angles. According to the statistics of sociologists 198 1 year, there are more than 40 kinds of/kloc-0. Weber, Durkay, Zimmer, Voss, Parker, Parsons, Amos, etc. They all expressed their representative opinions on the community. In these definitions, community is described as a group, a process, a social system, a geographical division, a subordinate relationship and so on. Among them, * * * factors are geography, * * * contact and social interaction.

Referring to the definition of sociologists, combined with the situation of residential areas, and starting from the reality of property management, we mean a regional society, which has a certain population and building scale in a relatively independent area, can meet people's daily cultural needs and can be felt through feelings.

As a certain geographical group and regional society, the community has four basic characteristics:

(1) regional element. Refers to a relatively independent and stable area with hardware facilities for survival and development, which is bounded by urban main roads or natural boundaries.

(2) demographic factors. Refers to the population with a certain scale, quantity, distribution and type.

(3) structural elements. Community consists of some groups and organizations, such as families, neighborhoods, enterprises, schools, hospitals, non-governmental organizations, government agencies and so on.

(4) Social and psychological factors. Groups have a decisive influence on individual behavior, forming the same lifestyle, behavioral norms and psychological orientation. Community members have a sense of belonging to the community, resulting in the collective consciousness and behavior of participating groups.

Communities can be divided into rural communities, market town communities and urban communities. The community mentioned below mainly refers to the urban community, that is, people with certain interests in modern cities and organisms living together in the same area. It has distinctive urban characteristics, such as vague regional independence, stronger dependence of residents' needs on external transportation, communication and services, appropriate adjustment of population density, aging of age structure, diversification of community management institutions, and enhanced sense of belonging and participation of community members. These characteristics require that urban community construction must give full play to the functions of service, integration, cohesion, stability and development.

(2) Culture

In social science, some of the most basic and important concepts are often the most ambiguous. "Culture", like "community", has many definitions. According to statistics, there are more than 340 representative definitions.

The word "culture" comes from Latin and refers to all kinds of things or ways developed through human training, training, education and learning, which is relative to what originally existed in nature. 187 1 year, edward tylor first put forward culture as a central concept in his book Primitive Culture, and described culture as "a complex whole, including knowledge, belief, art, morality, laws, customs and all abilities and habits acquired by human beings in society". American cultural anthropologists Krupp and Kluckhohn define culture as "a lifestyle system created in history, including explicit and implicit ways". The Encyclopedia Britannica divides culture into two categories: one is to equate culture with "the whole heritage of human society"; The other category is "the life structure system originated from history, which is often owned by group members", including the language, tradition, habit and system of the group, including inspiring thoughts, beliefs and values, and their embodiment in material tools and manufactured goods.

The concept of culture has various extensions and different meanings, but it can be distinguished in the most basic way. Broadly speaking, culture refers to the sum of material property and spiritual property created by human society in historical practice; In a narrow sense, culture only refers to spiritual content, such as philosophy, art, morality, religion, etiquette and system.

From the above definition, culture shows three basic characteristics:

(1) Culture is closely related to behavior. Culture determines people's behavior to a great extent, and encourages and restricts the results of behavior.

(2) Culture is acquired and can be inherited.

(3) Values are the core of culture.

Community culture

Culture and community are inseparable. Culture is generated in a certain spatial scope and time dimension, community is the soil of culture, the formation of community structure depends on the constraints of culture, and the gestation and inheritance of culture exists in the social activities and life work of communities.

Due to different cultural connotations, community culture has many definitions. Mr. Wu Wenzao thinks: "The simple definition of culture can be said to be the way of life formed by living in a certain community ... and it can also be said to be the total achievement of a nation in coping with the environment-material, symbolic, social and spiritual environment."

Malinhonsky believes that culture is examined from the perspective of function, including economy, education, politics, public security, knowledge, witchcraft, religion, art and entertainment. The extension of community culture discussed by Sanjia Temple is even smaller, including language, public symbols, knowledge and beliefs, value system and customs, rules and specific ways in related behavior procedures.

From the perspective of property management, community culture should be a broader concept. For the convenience of discussion, we define community culture in property management as: community culture refers to the spiritual wealth and its material form with community characteristics created by community members in community social practice within a certain regional scope and under certain social and historical conditions.

To understand the concept of community culture, we should pay attention to:

(1) Community culture is constructed by community members in community social practice.

(2) Community culture is all kinds of achievements made by community members in community practice.

(3) Community culture is a variety of lifestyles or styles constructed by community members in community practice.

(4) The community is a place for cultural life, production and dissemination.

Starting from the concept of community culture in property management, we can see that community culture has its own characteristics:

(1) Community culture has a strong corporate color. Under the impetus of community managers, enterprises play an important role in the construction of community culture. After the integrated management of property management is implemented in residential areas, property management enterprises have become organizers, creators and disseminators of community culture.

(2) The construction of community culture has potential utility. Property management enterprises can promote property management, save labor costs and improve work efficiency. Community culture aims to change problem families and create ideal families.

(3) Community culture has the characteristics of rationalization and secularization. Community members take efficiency and effectiveness as the standard to measure and evaluate their daily life, and the handling of events does not emphasize the personal feelings of neighbors, but takes interests as the basic criterion. People pay attention to practical results, practical interests, immediate interests and tangible benefits. The personality of community members is often lonely and indifferent.

(4) The characteristic of community culture is openness. On the one hand, this openness is manifested in the dependence of community culture on outside the community, on the other hand, it is manifested in the absorption of various cultures outside the community by community members. At the same time, the cultural needs of community members are diverse, which are closely related to the internal and external influences of community culture besides age, quality and interest.