How did Octavia Hill become the mother of property management?

Ms Octavia Hill, an Englishman, is recognized as the founder of modern "property management". During the period from 1880 to 1886, she formulated a set of management measures to regulate the tenant's behavior, which unexpectedly received good results and local owners followed suit. This "pre-property management activity" has improved the living conditions, brought benefits to both owners and tenants, and solved various problems in house maintenance and living environment management to some extent.

The industrial revolution in Britain began to spread to other parts of Europe and North America at the beginning of19th century. Since the middle of19th century, industrialization has gained a broad foundation in western Europe and the northeastern United States. The industrial revolution has provided new material and technical conditions for European and American architecture, completely changed the requirements of social life for architecture, and provided the possibility of technical and engineering construction for the further development of architecture in quantity, quality and scale. At the same time, the industrial revolution has also brought a series of new problems to cities and buildings, such as population expansion and serious housing problems in big cities, which put forward new requirements for old houses and residential quarters. The management of buildings and living environment has also become urgent. The old, scattered and unplanned forms of housing management can no longer meet the requirements of new technology and environmental development. Industrialization and urbanization are the catalysts of modern property management. Due to the continuous development of large-scale industry, the types of new productive buildings and public buildings are becoming more and more complex, which has become the most active factor to promote the development of architecture. In order to solve the problems of building structure and materials raised by productive buildings and public buildings, modern architectural thoughts gradually mature and develop. It can be considered that modern buildings, modern facilities and equipment and other technical and material conditions are the premise and foundation for the formation of professional property management.

/kloc-after the middle of the 0/9th century, American industry developed rapidly. Due to the rapid growth of urban population and the increasing shortage of land resources, in order to build as many houses as possible on the limited land in the city center, it is urgent to build high-rise buildings, which is also the necessity of real estate economic development.

1867, new york, USA passed the first housing law, which set minimum requirements for ventilation, sanitation and safety in serviced apartment.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, the industrial revolution promoted the rapid development of architectural science. In the application of building materials, technology and construction, iron, glass and concrete which were being produced in large quantities at that time were first used to expand the building scale and solve the lighting problem of large space buildings. This laid the foundation for the development of high-rise buildings, high-rise office buildings, apartment hotels and various large-space buildings in the future.

1890, steel structure buildings and elevators began to be built and used, and some western countries such as the United States made continuous progress in building materials and technology, resulting in high-rise buildings with complex structures and complete facilities, which brought highly technical and managerial work such as building maintenance, equipment maintenance and owner service in operation management, resulting in modern property management, professional property management institutions and great development of property management in the sense of division of labor.