What is property tax: the inevitability of property tax levy!

What is property tax: the inevitability of property tax levy!

First, the history of property tax

Property tax is a kind of property tax, which has different names in different countries and regions. Generally speaking? Real estate tax? 、? Property tax? It can be understood that the owner or lessee is required to pay a certain tax for real estate such as land and houses every year. Internationally, it is generally regarded as a local tax, as the main source of local fiscal revenue, and some emerging countries regard it as a means of regulating the real estate market. As a matter of fact, as a property tax, China has only levied on commercial buildings for a long time, while the residential sector has been vacant until 20 1 1 was piloted in Shanghai and Chongqing.

Policy space has long been left in the process of historical evolution. China levied real estate tax in 1950, but it experienced a special development process due to various situations and related legal changes in the implementation process:

1949- 1955 at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, finance faced great difficulties. In order to cope with the great difficulties faced by the financial economy, the first task is to strengthen tax collection and management and achieve fiscal balance. In this context, in 1950, the State Council promulgated the Principles for the Implementation of National Taxes, which stipulated that 14 kinds of taxes should be collected uniformly throughout the country, including? Property tax? 、? Property tax? . In June of the same year, the two taxes were merged into? Real estate tax? . 195 1 Provisional Regulations on Urban Real Estate Tax stipulates that it will be implemented nationwide and the market value of real estate will be the tax basis.

1956- 1973 After the socialist transformation of the means of production was completed, China implemented a planned economic system. By the former Soviet Union? No tax theory? The influence of thought only recognizes the financial function of tax, but does not recognize the regulatory function of tax on economy. From 65438 to 0973, China implemented the industrial and commercial tax reform, and the scope of urban real estate tax collection was narrowed to real estate management departments, individuals with real estate and overseas Chinese. The economic adjustment function of urban real estate tax is greatly weakened.

1979-2009: after the reform and opening up, the economic system has gradually changed to a market economy. Because the 1982 constitution stipulates that land belongs to the state or the collective, the original taxation of urban real estate is no longer in line with the actual situation, so the real estate tax is divided? Urban land use tax? And then what? Property tax? . 1986, the State Council promulgated the Provisional Regulations on People's Republic of China (PRC) Property Tax, which formally established the method of collecting property tax, and the tax base was the original value of the property. It is worth noting that the regulations stipulate? Personal non-operating real estate? Exempting property tax and excluding mainstream property categories with market value of about 80% from taxable scope have left a huge policy space for real estate tax reform and expansion. The Provisional Regulations on Urban Real Estate Tax promulgated on June 5438+1 October1day 5438+095 1 year was abolished. Foreign taxpayers, like domestic taxpayers, take the original value of the property as the tax basis, and do not levy property tax according to the market value of the property.

Second, the status quo of property tax

Domestic complex real estate tax system. The real estate tax system was gradually formed on the basis of the tax reform from 65438 to 0994. The designed taxes mainly include business tax (value-added tax), stamp duty, property tax, urban property tax, urban land use tax, land value-added tax, cultivated land occupation tax and enterprise income tax. Land use, land construction, enterprise income, real estate or land transfer transactions, housing rental, property management, etc. are all included in the real estate tax system, which has the characteristics and problems of many taxes, complex tax items, unreasonable tax base, repeated taxation, light possession, and heavy development and circulation. These conditions hinder and restrict the healthy development of China's real estate industry. Emphasis on development and circulation promotes the rapid rise of housing prices, while neglect of possession leads to market hoarding and speculation, which intensifies the tension between supply and demand. In fact, there is very little tax on property ownership in China, and the taxation method was formulated in the early 1980 s. Among them, the property tax is only levied on operating properties (excluding self-occupied houses), while the urban land use tax rate is too low (0.6-30 yuan/square meter). Since we can't support local finance and effectively curb market speculation, it will become an outdated and rigid tax system that can't reflect the development and changes of real estate.

The ineffective pilot project in real estate tax reform does not affect its implementation. As early as 20 10, Shanghai and Chongqing were planning to levy a new property underwriting tax. After careful planning, on the evening of 20 1 1 and 1, the two cities respectively promulgated the Interim Measures for Shanghai to Carry out the Pilot Project of Collecting Property Tax on Some Individual Houses (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures) and the Pilot Project of Chongqing Individual Houses. By carefully comparing the pilot methods of the two cities, it is found that there are great differences in the collection targets and tax rates, but they are taxed. Generally speaking, Chongqing property tax is mainly aimed at high-end houses (single-family houses and high-end houses with an average price of more than 2 times), that is, the stock has increased, while Shanghai only aims at newly purchased houses (considering the stock, it exceeds the per capita area of 60 square meters); In terms of tax rate, Shanghai is 0.4% or 0.6%, and Chongqing is 0.5%- 1.2%. Although the tax rates in the two places are inconsistent, they are both too high. At the same time, the two cities also chose the transaction price of houses on the tax basis, and the tax revenue was also used for the construction of affordable housing.

Due to the narrow scope of Shanghai property tax collection and low tax rate, the impact on the real estate market is actually very limited, far from increasing local fiscal revenue. From the data point of view, after the implementation of the property tax, the transaction of large-scale housing in Shanghai did not decline. 140 and 180 square meters of housing area, the transaction area is kept at about 20% of the total transaction area and 1 1%. The situation in Chongqing is similar, and the proportion of high-end real estate (villas) in new house sales has not dropped significantly, maintaining at 2.5. At the same time, the impact of the other party's house price is not significant, and the listed house price still keeps rising year-on-year, but the increase rate has changed. For example, the price of high-end apartments in Chongqing's main target villas rose by 20% year-on-year, which was consistent with the growth rate of 20 10, with little impact, while the impact of Shanghai was relatively significant. 20 1 1 The price of newly-built houses increased by 2. 15%(20 10 increased by 8%), the price of second-hand houses increased by 2. 13%(20 10 increased by 8%), and villas and high-end apartments. In addition, due to the narrow tax base and low tax rate in the two pilot cities, the impact of property tax revenue on local finance is very weak. For example, Shanghai's 20 12 property tax is only 9.25 billion yuan, accounting for only 2.4% of its fiscal revenue, while Chongqing's property tax is 2.74 billion yuan, accounting for only 1.6% of its fiscal revenue. The property tax pilot projects in the two cities seem to have no effect on housing prices or fiscal revenue. Therefore, the pilot does not affect its implementation.

Third, real estate tax reform is imperative.

The real intention of the reform is to improve the local financial situation and open up stable financial resources for local governments. At present, increasing the income from land transfer is the main way for local governments to increase their income. Land transfer revenue accounts for more than 60% of the extra-budgetary revenue of local finance, and some counties and cities reach about 90%. However, land resources are limited, and local governments? Selling land? Income is unsustainable, and the situation that local finance generally pays for land transfer income must be changed. In developed countries, property tax is the pillar of local taxation, and its income accounts for about 5% of national income, accounting for more than 10% of a country's total tax revenue. In China, the tax revenue of the real estate industry is mainly concentrated in the development and trading links, and the only taxes in the holding links are property tax and urban land use tax. Therefore, the property tax has been entrusted with the mission of a new source of local fiscal revenue and has become a long-term sustainable source of local fiscal revenue.

Possible reform slogans: increase the holding cost, revitalize the stock and curb the soaring housing prices. Since 1998 housing monetization reform, China's housing sales price has been rising. Some experts and scholars believe that one of the reasons for the high housing prices is that the only taxes in China are property tax and urban land use tax, which leads to a lighter tax level in real estate holdings and a higher tax level in newly-built housing vacancy rate in some hot cities. If we increase the tax on the holding link and urge investors to carefully consider whether the holding cost matches the future income, it may play a role in restraining demand and limiting house prices. Of course, according to the analysis of the author's last article, the possibility of reducing house prices by relying on property tax is relatively low. Therefore, promoting property tax by lowering housing prices is more of a slogan to unite social awareness and reduce the resistance to promotion.

Reforming technical work: optimizing the unreasonable status quo of various taxes and fees in real estate. China's current real estate tax system mainly includes cultivated land occupation tax, land value-added tax, urban land use tax, property tax, deed tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, personal income tax and stamp duty. There is double taxation between land value-added tax and enterprise income tax, and between property tax and urban land use tax. At the same time, there are also some problems in the scope, tax rate and mutual cooperation of some taxes. China proposed it in 2003? If conditions permit, levy a unified and standardized property tax on real estate, and cancel relevant fees accordingly? And put it forward in 2009? Deepen the reform of the real estate tax system and study the introduction of property tax? It can be seen that sorting out and simplifying the current complex real estate tax and fee system is also one of the important purposes of real estate tax reform. Of course, this is only a technical work to simplify the tax system and has little impact on the real estate market.

Is there a way for accounting at school (cykuaijicom) to reply to the official WeChat account in the background? Necessary information? free

175 financial practical form+summary report template+workflow+training materials, free download!

Is there a way for accounting at school (cykuaijicom) to reply to the official WeChat account in the background? Accounting collection? free

Financial chart template+financial form encyclopedia+accounting process, free download!

Learning accounting can provide the freshest accounting information and the most practical dry goods every day, which is the first choice artifact for textual research, promotion and salary increase!

Come and pay attention to getting information ~