The relationship between the changes of the ruins of the ancient city of Beijing and water sources

Summary of Important Work in National Cultural Heritage Administration Stage (1977- 1985)

1. Summary and postscript of seismic strengthening design of Peking University Honglou, a national cultural relics protection unit (see);

2.4 1978 Letter to Director Wang of National Cultural Heritage Administration. The tradition of sensory research was hit by Mr. Liang Sicheng's Preface to the Creation Law, which led to his submission and self-criticism. Therefore, I tried my best to fully explain the importance and necessity of the research tradition to modern times and the broad road of building cultural relics in the direction of "making the past serve the present" (this letter was detained by Luo for five years, which Wang might not have seen before his death)-Mr. Liang's manuscript is attached;

3. According to the realistic conditions faced by China during the Cultural Revolution and the value of ancient cultural relics, this paper expounds the necessity, importance and inevitability of combining the protection and utilization of cultural relics. Based on examples, it is by no means a concept game and abstract sophistry and empty talk, let alone an emotional dispute-an article is attached;

4. After the Cultural Revolution, cultural relics and ancient buildings were severely damaged and needed to be inspected. Therefore, six units including Beijing Planning Bureau, Landscape Bureau, Cultural Management Committee (predecessor of Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau), Beijing Branch of China Travel Agency (predecessor of Beijing Tourism Bureau), Research Institute of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and China Architecture Society were organized to inspect important ancient gardens in Beijing and write inspection reports. The Beijing Planning Bureau printed 20 copies for circulation-the original is attached;

5. Gubeikou Ming Great Wall was demolished for 3 kilometers, and the barracks pigsty was repaired with city bricks. It was also advertised in the People's Daily that the demolition of the Great Wall bricks was "waste utilization", so Zhao Xueqin, director of the Cultural Relics Department of the Beijing Municipal Cultural Management Committee, asked me to go to the site for investigation, so the original Great Wall was not designated as any first-class cultural relics protection unit (only Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan were designated as the first batch of national-level protection units), so it was "impossible to follow". Therefore,

6. Investigation report on the restoration and reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, and put forward suggestions to the central authorities in the name of Lin, deputy director of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Jianying wrote a report in the internal newsletter (senior internal reference), and Xinhua News Agency President Ceng Tao also met with me. Therefore, the abandoned Yuanmingyuan site has attracted the attention of the central government and the public. I met Comrade Jin Guang, then Secretary-General of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, at the briefing of Yuanmingyuan, and soon he was transferred to the post of Deputy Director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, so Yuanmingyuan, which was not a first-class protection unit at that time, attracted attention in National Cultural Heritage Administration. As a result of many "Fairy Clubs" speaking freely, it can be said that "carpenters build more houses", and Yuanmingyuan is positioned as a "heritage park" without any basis (some examples of Japanese heritage parks were referred to before, and then Pompeii, Okala, ostia, Maiyani, Delphi, Konoso (the world cultural heritage of mankind) and Festus (the oldest in Europe) were visited. Combined with the need of the central government to vigorously carry out tourism at that time, more than 5,000 mu of sites with great development prospects were trapped by the title of "ruins garden" and the false name of upgrading to national protection units, and they were at a loss. They can't realize the concepts of "cultivating gardens by gardens" and "building gardens by gardens" at all, but they have become a bottomless pit where they can't make ends meet, and the concept of "turning decay into magic" has been realized in Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province.

7. The Qing Dongling Mausoleum is a successful example of conservation and management of "preserving cultural relics with cultural relics" and "turning negative factors into positive factors". In the investigation stage, the tomb of Rong Fei (ChristianRandPhillips) was also found in Yufeiling. According to textual research, ChristianRandPhillips's tomb in Kaye, Xinjiang is actually the tomb of ChristianRandPhillips family. ChristianRandPhillips was buried in Dongling, and the Uighur braid on the skeleton can also prove that it is the skeleton of ChristianRandPhillips himself. On the protection and management of Ming Tombs and Qing Tombs;

8. Zhejiang Putuo Mountain is one of the famous Buddhist mountains and the Dojo of Guanyin Bodhisattva. During the Cultural Revolution, more than 10,000 Buddha statues were swept away. There are three primitive temples, six temples and 72 Mao Peng on the island. Except for three temples, which are still well preserved, the rest are in ruins. It's hard to imagine if you follow the routine. What's more, the legacy of the Cultural Revolution that destroyed the Four Books and Five Classics is far from "putting things right", and cultural relics are confused with the Four Books and Five Classics. Therefore, first of all, we should clearly distinguish the different essence of historical culture and feudal superstition, and historically explain that the three major religions were not all superstitions after they were introduced into China, but also brought culture, art and philosophy. Especially after Buddhism was introduced into China, it merged with traditional Confucianism and Taoism and enriched traditional culture. As a traditional culture, there must be a lot of dross, so it is absolutely necessary to distinguish its essence from dross and get rid of its dross.

However, to do this, we must completely preserve its original appearance and original state, and then we can make a concrete analysis. As the carriers of history and culture, ancient buildings and temples have preserved the original appearance of their spiritual connotation materially, enabling future generations to analyze and study, which is the important significance and purpose of preserving cultural relics. At that time, I was accompanied by a "five-person group" composed of a local secretary Xu in Zhoushan, who watched, talked and discussed along the way. Finally, except one (about the manager of the timber company) who insisted on opposing the restoration, the other four people agreed to the restoration, and of course there were more important practical interests. Taking advantage of the east wind of "reform and opening up", it is very beneficial to develop tourism with Putuo Mountain's reputation in Buddhism. On this premise, I put forward the principle of "rolling development" according to the specific local conditions at that time, that is, the principle of simplifying the complex, repairing the old and using the waste, repairing the old and using the waste openly. Less investment, quick income, start as soon as possible, and get rid of poverty as soon as possible (I have been to Jiangsu and Zhejiang many times during 1978- 1988, but this land of plenty is full of hungry people).

According to the results of this implementation, there will be benefits when you go again in the second year, and the effect will be obvious when you go again in the third year. But there are also signs of one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and destruction of cultural relics and the environment. I didn't go there again, but I think it's worth summarizing from the whole process, which is also a sharp contrast with Yuanmingyuan.

This is another successful example of realizing "phoenix nirvana and rebirth" with its own intrinsic value, but to avoid one-sidedness and the opposite, I think the so-called "sustainable development" can only be realized by entering a virtuous circle. -Attached to the article of Putuo Mountain Planning in Architectural Journal;

9. Preservation of Deshengmen archway: At that time, the Second Ring Road planned to demolish Deshengmen archway. In order to ensure the opening of the Second Ring Road to traffic on National Day, the construction team that demolished Deshengmen archway has entered the site. Zhao Xueqin from Beijing came to see me urgently. After I arrived at the scene, according to the experience and lessons of Chongwenmen traffic problem, I couldn't simply "protect" Deshengmen Arrow Tower from being demolished, regardless of solving the real traffic problem, so I went to the municipal design institute to see the Deshengmen overpass scheme. On the basis of the original scheme, I divided the overpass into two and bypassed the two sides of the Arrow Tower. This will not only keep the watchtower, but also affect the opening of the Second Ring Road.

Therefore, I think the essence of planning work is to unify contradictions by artistic means, rather than unilaterally carrying out one-sided subjective intentions based on one-sided opinions (officials or experts). Inconsistency is not only a perfect plan, but also a sequela and even a vicious circle;

10. After the collapse of the ancient observatory, foreign news agencies took the lead in reporting because it happened to be diagonally opposite the diplomatic apartment. Guang Qi, the new director, asked me to go to the scene to investigate the reason immediately. I'll organize people to rescue the astronomical instruments on the platform and put them in a safe place (with photos). On-the-spot observation was due to the failure to take proper protective measures when repairing the subway loop (National Cultural Heritage Administration and the subway only signed an agreement that the subway was responsible for strengthening the foundation, but Luo was responsible for it), so the landslide occurred at the junction of Yuanhe Mingchengtai ... On this basis, three restoration schemes were put forward (Qian Ming was later responsible for implementing the' big' scheme). Considering the integrity of the restoration, Fang Yi, the vice premier in charge of science and technology at that time, proposed to take back the Wei Zi Palace occupied by a certain unit. Finally, Fang Yi reported to Comrade Xiaoping for instructions.

1 1. Go to Jiangxi with Deputy Director Jin Guang to inspect cultural relics and revolutionary cultural relics, and allocate funds to repair the Ningdu riot site. Because of the relocation of Tao Yuanming's tomb, the construction of Tao Yuanming's shrine, and the reconstruction of Wang Tengting and Xunyang Tower, Jiangxi Province proposed to commemorate the top ten historical and cultural celebrities in Jiangxi Province headed by Tao Yuanming, which was the original intangible cultural heritage, and because the original site of Wang Tengting had disappeared in the Ganjiang River, it demonstrated whether and why it should be restored. I propose that the value of cultural relics and historic sites is not limited to originality, but the real problem is the value of the connotation they reflect. For example, the value of the Red Mansion in Peking University lies not in its own design or construction, but in its material carrier to commemorate the May 4th Movement. Later, I published "Architecture as a Carrier of Art, History and Culture" in China Culture News, that is, the value of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River lies not in themselves, but in their being carriers of three historical documents, so the newly-built buildings should still be regarded as cultural relics, and the modern buildings with commemorative significance will also be regarded as cultural relics;

12 Wuhu conference (Architectural Society, Historical Theory Society). 1980, I discussed with Mr. Luo Xiaowei of Tongji University and proposed that cultural relics architecture should not be limited to the traditional wood and stone structural system, but also include the western-style architectural system after the west wind spread eastward. It can be traced back to the West Building built by Qianlong in Yuanmingyuan, the Yuanmingyuan-style buildings popular in Beijing, and the new architectural types produced after the Westernization Movement, such as many "manufacturing bureaus" designed by foreign architects and antique buildings, such as Beijing Library, yenching university and Union Medical College Hospital. And the pure western-style buildings in the concession area. Later, when I was in charge of compiling the Extended Outline of Beijing Urban Construction Historic Sites, I included this kind of buildings in the chapter of Modern Architecture in Beijing, so the so-called statement that Mr. Liang advocated preserving Beijing as a great museum in Ming and Qing Dynasties was completely incorrect. Because Beijing is constantly evolving, how can the so-called "Ming and Qing Beijing" be dated? In fact, any city has a process of beginning, prosperity, prosperity and decline. What should be properly preserved and protected are the most representative masterpieces and masterpieces of various periods, rather than simply defining whether a building is a cultural relic by its age, form and style.

Wuhu Conference also proposed for the first time that residential houses and residential buildings should choose representative cultural relics protection units at all levels. The meeting visited Shexian County, Anhui Province, and proposed that some houses such as "Laowujiao" should be submitted for approval as protection units, as well as houses in Shanxi and Jingdezhen.

13. Cooperate with Yi-Shen (Eton, Shen (former president of Great Wall Hotel)) on the site selection planning and feasibility study of "China Ancient Cultural and Entertainment Center" in Foshan, Guangdong Province, and visit the Qing Dongling, Yuanmingyuan, Henan Zhongzhou Tourist Area, etc. The importance of six w's in investment decision-making and the problems existing in the project establishment procedure in China at that time;

14. Consultant for Investment Promotion Planning of "Song Cheng Construction Committee" in Kaifeng City, Henan Province and "Zhongzhou Tourist Area" in Henan Province; Identification of flood bridge in Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang:

Overall construction planning of Kaifeng Song Cheng: Because the ruins and relics of Kaifeng City in Song Dynasty have been buried 6-9 meters underground, the Song Street on the ground is just an antique street modeled on the Riverside Map in Qingming Festival, so how to combine the above-ground buildings with the underground ruins is a subject worthy of in-depth discussion. Invited to make a plan for the overall construction of Song Cheng, including:

1) The dredging and sewage discharge of "Baofukeng" has caused widespread research on urban sewage discharge and pollution. Later, it was confirmed that the sewage discharge from Kaifeng has been affecting the water body of Bozhou (a famous historical and cultural city) in Anhui Province, so the problem of sewage treatment and regeneration must be solved, which was reflected in Beijing (former Minister of Public Transport and Urban Construction of the Municipal Party Committee, Comrade Zheng Tong), leading to the launch of Gaobeidian (the first sewage treatment plant after the founding of the People's Republic of China) in Beijing. We also talked about several issues, such as sewage regeneration, municipal garbage and various tail gas treatment (attached with the relevant paragraphs in the letter to Comrade Wan Li 1985, the graphic part of sewage treatment and regeneration in the letter to Zhu Rongji 1998, and the explanation of sewage discharge and municipal amortization in the planning of Beijing Heping North Road 1964);

2) Jews in Kaifeng: After the Roman Empire destroyed the Jewish state, ten scattered tribes went into exile all over the world, and one of them entered China in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In Song Zhenzong, a Jew flowed into Kaifeng House, and Song Zhenzong accepted them and gave them seven China surnames, the so-called "seven surnames and eight families" (see). They are required to abide by the ancestral system and settle in Kaifeng, which is called "one gives happiness" (Israel) religion. This Jew is the only Jew in exile who has been China-ized. The rest of the Jews scattered around the country are more oppressed, more United, more committed to their own beliefs and customs, and have formed independence. Matteo Ricci, a missionary in the Ming Dynasty, sent people to look for their patriarch and tried to help them recover and learn Hebrew, but he was rejected. From 65438 to 0983, American National Geographic reporter Wolinski (a Jew) went to Kaifeng many times to look for the descendant of the Jew, but the result was "without a trace". 1983, when I accompanied Shen (both consultants of Song Cheng Construction Committee) to Kaifeng, I entrusted Shen to find the descendants of these Jews. Results Six people were found through relevant departments in Kaifeng. They are completely sinicized, do not know Hebrew at all, and no longer abide by Jewish customs (such as "circumcision" of men in adulthood), except for some curly hair and hooked nose (all with photos). Mayor Kaifeng wrote a strategy. Entrusted him to Toronto, Canada to retrieve or copy a set of important cultural relics of Kaifeng Jews (one of the seven sheepskin sutras was taken to Kaifeng), and Bishop White, a Canadian priest who wrote Kaifeng Jews, brought these cultural relics, including the plaque and plaque of One Man Giving Happiness, back to Toronto (or Ottawa) Museum in Canada. Later, because China opposed Israeli "Zionism" and supported Arabia, the Foreign Affairs Office of the province suppressed it (we still have the original outline letter). In fact, Kaifeng Jews are the only example of assimilation in the world, which has great historical and cultural significance. It not only embodies the inclusiveness and affinity of Chinese civilization, but also has great enlightenment and reference significance for solving the contradiction between Islam and Israel today. (There are no Jews among the 56 ethnic groups in China, but I have been to the Jewish patriarch's house in Kaifeng, and I saw the representatives of Kaifeng Jews in the big photo of Chairman Mao's meeting with representatives of ethnic minorities in Zhongnanhai at 1953 (the patriarch));

3) Shen's Opinions and Suggestions on Introducing and Utilizing Foreign Capital and China's Preferential Policies at that time (for details).

4) Identification of Longmen Shuiman Bridge in Luoyang: At that time, the Henan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government built a small flat bridge (Shuiman Bridge) to protect Longmen Grottoes. Before water passes through the Longmen Grottoes, it is introduced to the other side of the north to close the passage in front of the Longmen Grottoes. This was a favorable move, but it was reported to National Cultural Heritage Administration by a cadre of Wenbao Institute who was waiting in Longmen, saying that Xiaopingqiao destroyed the environment of Longmen Grottoes, and then transferred to the State Council. Deputy Secretary-General Ai Zhisheng ordered Henan Province to stop work, and organized 12 experts to hold a five-day meeting at Longmen site, criticized it for five days, and finally decided to abolish Xiaopingqiao. When Vice Director Jin Ziguang and I went to Henan, Vice Governor Yue said to me, "We did something against our original intention. I hope everyone can visit and help solve the protection problem of Longmen Grottoes, because there is often a market in Guanlin (one of Guan Yu's cemeteries) in the north of Longmen, and people in the south pass through Longmen Grottoes when they go to the market. The only passage in the east is very unfavorable for protecting Longmen. If you don't build a bridge to divert water, what are the feasible and effective schemes (12 experts' suggestions, such as digging a tunnel behind Longmen Grottoes, are not only expensive, but also easy to destroy the grottoes during construction, which is not feasible). After arriving at the scene, the railway bridge at the northern end of Longmen was the first thing that caught your eye, which was very vibrating. In contrast, the small flat bridge at the southern end of Longmen lies quietly in the river bed. It is a flooded bridge, and only pedestrians and rickshaws can walk (when the water is heavy, it overflows the bridge deck). I asked Zhang Jiatai, the deputy director-general in charge of cultural relics of Henan Provincial Department of Culture who accompanied us, to move the railway bridge first if the environmental landscape was affected, and to move the railway bridge if the vibration affected the grottoes. (It is said that the railway bridge was later moved) Why did you turn a blind eye to the railway bridge, but stopped building a small flat bridge that was beneficial to the protection of Longmen Grottoes? Because the State Council ordered the suspension of work, it was not until General Secretary Hu Yaobang and Qiao Shi visited Henan, and Liu Jiecai, secretary of the provincial party committee, accompanied him to inspect Longmen. The on-site appraisal of Xiaopingqiao also thought that it had no impact on Longmen Grottoes, and he ordered the resumption of work. However, after the suspension, withdrawal and resumption of work assessed by the "Fairy Club", it has lost 300,000 yuan for no reason (300,000 yuan is not a decimal in 1983, which is recorded in Henan Province);

15. Visit the Ming Zhongdu site in Fengyang, Anhui Province, and visit the mode of "fixed production to households". Reflections on "concrete analysis of concrete problems is the living soul of Marxism" (Zhongdu Site in Ming Dynasty is related to the history of Beijing's urban construction)

16. Yangzhou conference: the first national congress of famous historical and cultural cities. Published "Strategic Issues in the Development of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities". The main idea is that historical and cultural cities should also develop. At the meeting, I had a "dialogue" with Professor Chen Congzhou of Tongji University on whether a famous historical and cultural city should be modernized. He challenged me first, and I retorted, leaving him speechless. Later, he drew three bamboos and wrote an inscription for me. He also said that he had met my grandfather, so it was "reconciliation". However, how to modernize a famous historical and cultural city can neither be "robbed for the rest of my life" nor "unrecognizable". This is a universal problem, and the specific analysis of different cities cannot be generalized. This issue is still controversial. I think it is still "unifying the contradiction between' ancient' and' present' by artistic means", and there should be no fixed model.

17. Nanjing Conference: Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of China Architectural Society. Taking Dai Nianci as a report, he talked with Yang Chunmao, the second chairman of the Architectural Society, the former minister of the Ministry of Construction, and Ren Zhenying, deputy mayor of Lanzhou, about the tasks and methods of the Architectural Society. I don't have any "title" in the society, because I was a founding member attending the inaugural meeting, so I was invited to attend this meeting. During the meeting, the reorganization was carried out at the same time, so I put forward my own opinions and suggestions on the activities of the Institute, which are summarized as follows: According to the main purpose of establishing the Architectural Society in 1953, the Institute should become an assistant to the "administration", and all issues that are not suitable for administrative regulations or decisions should be fully discussed in the Institute. For example, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the administrative organs should not make any rigid regulations on architectural artistic style and national form, including the artistic and technical issues of major projects, which should be discussed by the society first. However, the previous movements all started from the society, because too much discussion is easy to catch a braid and beat a stick, and it should be corrected. How can we develop or deepen our understanding if there is no debate and discussion of different opinions? Lao Tzu said, "the movement against the Tao." If they are all "one-sided" and "one-size-fits-all", how can we avoid one-sided administrative decisions? Nowadays, serious academic issues are no longer seriously discussed, but are coaxed and speculated by various "celebrities" in the media who are not professional. How can we guide them correctly?

18. When I was in Nanjing, the comrades of the Society introduced Chen Zhi, a professor at Nanjing Forestry College, and were invited to participate in the compilation of the History of China Gardens. The project is funded and organized by the Bureau of Landscape Architecture of the Ministry of Construction. The other is the History of China Gardens, which was presided over by Wang Juyuan because of different viewpoints. Chen Zhi invited me to attend, because my grandfather had published an ancient gardening book, Yuanye, in the Ming Dynasty. However, Yuanye is a study of literati gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Because I was in National Cultural Heritage Administration at that time, Mr. Chen gave me cave temples, imperial cemeteries and celebrity cemeteries. Because we didn't fully grasp the first-hand information at first, the two topics (Garden History and Garden History) and the architectural history of China, which was also funded by the Ministry of Construction, were not completed.

-Attached are Dialectical Relationship between Historical Materials and Historical Views in Historical Research and Importance and Necessity of Basic Materials, and also talk about National Cultural Heritage Administration's data problem (see details);

19. Go to Urumqi to attend the meeting of the Ancestor Architecture Society (the speech "Local dwellings should be adapted to local conditions"), and at the same time inspect the cave temples, ancient city ruins, mosques, Tibetan Buddhist temples, tombs, tombs, ancient Great Wall and other cultural relics in five northwestern provinces.

At the same time, the trip to the northwest inspected the environmental changes in the northwest and the exhaustion of Gu Ze. According to the relevant inscriptions and literature records, the environment in northwest China has deteriorated and the water resources have been exhausted. However, during the period of 600- 1000, combined with the subsequent investigation in southwest China and Inner Mongolia (after several deserts such as Wulanbu, Tengger and Badain Jaran), the environmental deterioration is mainly due to the destruction of forest vegetation (mainly caused in southwest China in the last half century), which leads to the seasonal intensification of rivers and the drying up of lakes. We must focus on fundamentally reversing the environment and forming a sustained virtuous circle. Its regularity is not difficult to understand, and the key lies in effective measures. From the enlightenment of ancient literature (such as Han Chaocuo's "Guarding the Border for Sparse"), in short, comprehensive measures must be taken (see).

-Attach the part about "environmental problems" in the letter to Comrade Wan Li from 65438 to 0985; 1998 Letter to Zhu Rongji on "Managing Forestry with New Ideas".

In short: on the one hand, the environment is deteriorating very rapidly, taking the southwest as an example, but the Yalong River has been a seasonal river for half a century, but on the other hand, we can see the possibility of a benign reversal of the environment. Of course, this can't be accomplished in one generation, but we must have a correct beginning and a long-term goal: "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a nine-heavy platform begins with the accumulation of soil"!

20. The Editorial Committee of the Urban Construction History Editorial Committee of the Ministry of Public Transport and Urban Construction of Beijing Municipal Committee compiled the Extended Outline of Beijing Urban Construction Historic Sites and organized ten editorial teams; The papers "Yan Dou Ji Cheng Kao" (attached to the original text) and "Historical Relics of Beijing Urban Construction" are the basic research on the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the planning of historical and cultural cities in Beijing. World-famous cities have detailed history books and books, which are illustrated as the main gifts for distinguished guests, but Beijing lacks systematic physical proof and historical records of its origin and evolution. The expanded outline of Historical Records was originally intended to achieve this goal, but it was difficult to unify the concepts of how to treat history correctly and the dialectical relationship between "ancient" and "present", so it stopped and did not continue. It is a great pity that such a grand event as the Olympic Games has become the primary gift and publicity material to replace ambiguous propaganda slogans!

2 1. Outline of Japanese architectural history (there is an outline, but there is no object of investigation). Japanese architectural culture originated in China, but the ancient buildings were preserved earlier than the earliest wooden buildings in China (equivalent to Sui and Tang Dynasties). Therefore, it is necessary to study Japanese ancient buildings if the architectural history is analyzed according to the objects advocated by Mr. Liang.

22. Investigation of Hemudu site in Zhejiang and planning of tourism network, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Hangzhou, Yandang Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, Linhai, Xinchang, Tonglu, Huangshan Mountain and Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui. Notes on Yuefen and Yuemiao, the first batch of national cultural relics protection units destroyed during the Cultural Revolution;

23. Problems in the maintenance of ancient buildings:

1) You can't just summarize everything with "correcting the old as before", but divide it into "law" and "example";

2) The fire prevention of ancient buildings cannot rely on high-pressure hoses, and most cultural relics with interior decoration and sculpture murals cannot use high-pressure hoses;

3) Mr. Liang's criticism of Zhaozhou Dashiqiao "repairing the old as new" should be analyzed in detail. For example, whether the original components can be moved to the museum, many exquisite sculpture components in ancient stone buildings in Europe have been moved to the museum, and the components copied with silicone rubber are placed on the building instead of the original ones;

4) The application of new materials and technologies, especially the reinforcement methods and durability of materials, should be seriously invested;

5) Various protective measures (including fire prevention) during construction.

24. Investigation and collation of basic data of ancient buildings

1) We should fully consider the investigation, arrangement and use of basic data;

2) Adopt new scientific and technological means to replace manual surveying and mapping. I participated in an activity of the Architectural Society (a delegation of American female architects), in which C. C. Tayler, a female architect in charge of cultural relics and ancient buildings in new york, introduced new york. A survey showed that there were 200,000 cases. If the original concepts and methods are used for survey, sorting and screening, such a huge workload is unimaginable, but the application of new instruments and computer processing will soon be completed;

3) The investigation of basic data is inseparable from the study of historical theory —— Attached to Mr. Liang's exposition on several key issues in the compilation of China's architectural history;

4) The cultural relic work is an ancient and novel work, because it has a wide range of applications in the contemporary era. Therefore, first of all, we must have a clear purpose and relevant scientific methods to formulate a "code of conduct." Finally, we can have qualified candidates. Fake and shoddy elements can only ruin the reputation of the cause and the country! ! !

-Attached are several obvious lies about the so-called military map drawn by Luo to the US military headquarters in Chongqing (see details);

5) The planning and construction of famous historical and cultural cities also need detailed cultural relics first.