Shanghai Puyi mahogany furniture Co., Ltd. Puyi mahogany craft

Mahogany furniture is mainly made by hand, and the manufacturing process is complicated. It takes many processes from logs to finished products. According to the technological process, it is divided into: drying plates, carpentry, carving, polishing, waxing and assembly, and each process has several small manufacturing processes. Before entering the production process, the board should be dried first, because mahogany furniture is a kind of pure solid wood furniture, and all the components are solid wood. The moisture content of wood is directly related to the adaptability of furniture to seasonal changes, and then affects the quality of furniture. Therefore, the drying of wood is particularly important. If it is not dried properly, there will be various problems in the processing and assembly of parts in the future, which will affect the quality of finished products. Even in sales and use, the characteristics of wood shrinkage and expansion will cause various cracks or deformations in some parts of furniture.

Key points of process:

1. The bought logs cannot be directly dried, so they should be sawed first. When sawing wood, you should tailor the furniture according to the size, match the length and comprehensive utilization, and pay attention to the direction of wood grain. If you are perfunctory when sawing wood, it will cause serious waste and improper material matching.

2. Drying is usually carried out in two stages. Pre-drying is first carried out in the hospital, usually by natural air drying, and the purpose of air drying is achieved through air flow and moisture evaporation, so that the moisture content of mahogany is reduced to 20%-30%. After air drying, put it into special mahogany drying equipment for drying, and it is required to dry until the water content is between 8%- 12%. After the plate is dried, it can enter the formal production process. This step is the most important step in the production of mahogany furniture, and it is also the woodworking technology mentioned by mahogany furniture manufacturers.

Woodworking process is divided into the following six steps:

1, draw design drawings and list materials.

Carpenters draw drawings according to the shape of furniture, and then calculate and list the materials according to the drawings. The bill of materials needs to accurately list the quantity and size of wood needed for this kind of furniture.

2, material selection and cutting

As the saying goes: "Three points of materials, seven points of division of labor", the quality of a mahogany furniture directly affects the service life and aesthetics of the furniture. The process of selecting materials and ingredients is mainly to choose suitable materials according to different parts of furniture production, and generally pay attention to the texture, color and size of wood.

After selecting materials, cut off the white skins at both ends and the unusable leftover materials, and then cut the cut plates again according to the size of the bill of materials. When cutting, it should be along the direction of wood grain, and the strength should be uniform to ensure smooth and beautiful materials.

3, planing

The cut wood needs to be planed. When planing, you must plane along the direction of wood grain, and the force should be uniform. Planted and processed concentrates should be put together according to the same specifications to avoid extrusion deformation of concentrates due to long storage time.

4, tenon planing

After planing, fine materials can be tenoned and drilled. The components of mahogany furniture are connected by tenon-mortise structure. The tenon-mortise structure is a combination of tenon and mortise, which is a clever combination of more and less wood blocks, high and low, long and short. It can effectively limit the distortion of wood pieces in all directions, and will not cause wood cracking, which better ensures the integrity of furniture and greatly improves the inherent quality of mahogany furniture.

Each mortise and tenon has a clear locking function, which can effectively disperse the load-bearing of furniture during the whole assembly process. Moreover, the cross section of wood can't be seen on the appearance of furniture, and the joint of tenon and mortise can only be seen by the different opening and closing of wood grain. These exquisite mortise and tenon structures constitute the unique technological characteristics of hardwood furniture.

Step 5 start queuing and circling

After tenoning and drilling is completed, it is the starting line and circle. Many mahogany furniture factories use machines to thread and circle. Setting refers to putting the designed template pattern on the part, drawing the outline with pen drawing, and sawing the undulating outline with a band saw according to the drawn edge. The main purpose of fillet is to make the surface look more round and feel more comfortable.

6, recognize tenon

The last step of woodworking technology is tenon recognition. Cogging refers to assembling tenons and holed components into a relatively independent structural component unit, mainly to check whether tenons and mortises are appropriate in size, rigorous, skewed or warped.

Key points of process:

1. If the tenon is found to be skewed or warped, it should be adjusted in time, the interface should be tight and the shape should be regular, and the problem that the four corners are not in a plane cannot occur.

2. Generally, tenons and mortises are not smooth, but smooth. They should be trimmed with strict and clean mouths to ensure that the surface of each structural member unit conforms to the strict proportion regulations, and the tenons and mortises are consistent in tightness. In order to make mahogany furniture look more beautiful, after the woodworking process is completed, some simple or complex carvings are usually used for decoration, which is also called carving patterns in the industry. Carving and ornamentation must be carried out after tenon identification, because tenon identification needs to be trimmed after completion. If you carve first and then tenon, it is difficult to ensure that all the carved parts are on the same plane. At this time, in order to ensure the uniformity of the carved part, it is only necessary to modify the carving. If it is not handled well, the carved part will be invalid, and it needs to be carved and decorated after tenon recognition.

The most common forms of mahogany furniture carving are: flat carving, through carving, round carving, carved flowers, double-sided through carving, brocade relief, air relief and so on. The content of each form is different and has its own characteristics. It should be said that in the whole process of mahogany furniture, carving process accounts for more than half.

The requirements for hand carving of mahogany furniture are very strict. In the carving workshop, every sculptor should concentrate on carving. Once a knife is wrongly carved, the whole board can't be repaired, which has a great influence on the quality of finished mahogany furniture. The finished product of carving also requires: the flower root is clear, the flower shape is vivid and vivid, if it is true, it is not true, the line foot is unified, the top and bottom are consistent, the left and right are commensurate, the concave and convex are orderly, smooth and flawless, and so on. The combination of woodworking technology and carving technology in mahogany furniture can reflect the effect that pearls, safflower, green leaves and different workers sing a song together.

Carving steps:

1. Draw a design drawing according to the content to be carved, and then stick the designed pattern on the board to be carved with glue. After the glue is dry, fix the board surface on the operating table with iron clips.

2. Punch out the basic outline of the pattern with a blank cutter and hammer, which is called "heading" in the industry. When heading, use different types of blank cutters according to the line thickness of the pattern.

3. Further process the pattern with a trowel. This process is also called shoveling. It is mainly to flatten the angular places, highlight the carved feet, and flatten the sunken parts.

4. Clean the bottom with a scraper to make the carving surface smoother.

5. Use a triangular knife to process those patterns that need to be made very small. The trade term is "Seiko". After carving, the surface of the board needs polishing. Polishing is an important step in the production of mahogany furniture, and the quality of polishing directly affects consumers' first impression of mahogany furniture.

Grinding step:

1, the first time is mainly to polish the carved small parts. When polishing, roll the sandpaper into a cone shape, so that all parts of the board can be polished in place. When grinding, use five different sandpapers. 180, 240, 320, 600, 100. 1500 It is necessary to grind several times in turn to make the surface of furniture smooth, and finer and finer sandpaper is used to grind off the traces of coarse sandpaper.

In order to achieve higher smoothness and feel requirements, 2500 # and 3500 # sandpapers are used for precise grinding.

2. After the first polishing, the parts are sent back to the woodworking workshop for trial assembly. After the trial assembly of carpenters, carpenters should carefully check all parts to see whether the connection between parts is appropriate, whether the tenon-mortise structure is rigorous and whether the whole is coordinated. If there is anything inappropriate, wait until it is demolished and then correct it. After calibration, try reassembly. In short, all parts should be closely connected, coordinated into a whole, and then disassembled for further polishing. After polishing, the furniture surface should be smooth, round and flat, without waves, high or low hand feeling and no abnormality by visual inspection. The so-called wonderful workmanship and meticulous work are all played here.

Exquisite craftsmanship:

In ancient times, there was no sandpaper, and craftsmen used file grass to polish furniture. Filing grass is also called saving grass, equisetum and wiping grass. This kind of grass is covered with thorn fruit, which is harvested in autumn, dried and stored for later use. When in use, it can be straightened by soaking in warm water, and the burr is completely opened. It is used for polishing the surface of furniture parts, especially for polishing carved patterns and lines. It not only ensures the smoothness and brightness of each part, but also does not hurt the carving pattern. It is a natural and environmentally friendly polishing material.

Process 5: Assembly Process

The assembly of wood industry is called "labor saving", and the assembly of small parts uses a process called "barrel saving". "Save the bucket" is an industry term. Using tenon-mortise structure, many small wood can be spliced into various geometric patterns to form a large-area decorative board, which is called "material saving". A small piece of wood carved with a shovel is called a bucket. These two technologies are often used in combination, so it is called "bucket saving" and southern craftsmen call it "pocket material" The collection process perfectly embodies the combination of science and art. The geometric decoration formed by the bonding process, some use simple patterns to form patterns repeatedly, and some use individual patterns to form two-way continuous and four-way continuous forms. Common geometric decorations include Wan Ziwen, cross, Tian Zige, square, palindrome, convex connection, direct connection and oblique connection. These "piggy bank" technologies, which are made of traditional high-quality wood, form a unique decorative language. Painting or waxing is the last process of mahogany furniture production, and there has been no lost process since ancient times.

Key points of waxing process:

1, you can coat it with a layer of wood explosion-proof agent before waxing, which can better lock the moisture, and then put it in the shade for one day.

2. Dry the parts with 400 sandpaper, and then polish them with 1000 sandpaper. The purpose of polishing is to increase the texture, and the furniture will appear brighter and more exquisite. All parts should be polished in place. After polishing, brush off the floating ash, especially the concave part, and then blow the surface clean with a hair dryer.

3. Choose good quality beeswax. When waxing, you can put the beeswax in an iron drum and then heat it on the stove. After the beeswax melts, rub it evenly on the surface of the parts with soft pure cotton cloth, and rub it repeatedly to ensure that the wax can penetrate into the parts well.

4. Leave it for one day after waxing, and then polish it and wax it again after the wax has completely penetrated into the wood.

Key points of painting technology:

1, the painting process takes a long time, usually five to six times of raw paint. After each raw paint, it should be put into a paint room with a relative humidity of about 90% and dried in the shade. The whole process will take at least 15 days.

2. When brushing, the blending agent in cotton yarn should be appropriate, and it should be sent to every place without omission.

3. You can't stay in a certain place in the process of kneading, and you can't redo what you have done. That will make the whole work very flowery and ugly. Only the bottom and top should be done on one side. Do it from top to bottom, and do it first where there is a flower board.

4. When the surface is dry, polish it with 320 sandpaper to see how dry it is. If it can be polished, use 400 sand to start picking carved boards, and use 320 for flat ones.