What animal models are commonly used in the field of sports human science?

1. Spontaneous animal model: refers to the disease model produced by animals under natural conditions or gene mutation conditions without any conscious artificial treatment. It mainly includes mutation genetic disease model and suburban tumor disease model.

2. Induced animal model: also called experimental animal model. It is an animal model prepared by using physical, chemical or biological pathogenic factors to induce animals to produce some diseases similar to human beings. The model has the characteristics of simple preparation method, easy control of experimental conditions and good repeatability, and is widely used in drug screening, toxicology, infectious diseases and tumor pathological mechanism research.

3. Genetic engineering animal model: it is an animal model that uses genetic engineering technology to transform animal genome and study gene function or disease mechanism. Also known as transgenic animal model, it refers to the use of modern biotechnology such as embryo engineering and genetic engineering to purposefully interfere with the genetic composition of animals, produce new traits of animals, and effectively inherit them to form a new animal model for life science research and other purposes.

4. Biomedical animal model: It also refers to a model that uses the specific biological characteristics of healthy organisms to study the similar manifestations of human diseases. There are some differences between these animal models and human diseases, and researchers should compare them and get relevant materials from them.

5. Negative animal model: refers to the animal quality or strain that cannot replicate some diseases. Some animal strains are resistant or insensitive to certain diseases, and can be used as negative control when making animal models of diseases, which is called negative animal model, also known as disease-resistant animal model.