Where is Nanyang?

Nanyang has a long history. As early as 400,000 to 500,000 years ago, "Nanzhao Ape Man" thrived in the upper reaches of Baihe River. About five or six thousand years ago, villages and houses appeared here, resulting in handicrafts such as agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery making. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Nanyang belonged to Jingzhou. Because it was in the south of the Zhou Dynasty, it was called "Zhoutu" by Zhou people. In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Dynasty (272 BC), Nanyang County was established. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanyang has become one of the eight major cities in China. Build chutuan on the fast-flowing river to divert water to irrigate the fields. Iron was used, and handicrafts and commerce such as iron smelting and silk appeared. In particular, the copper casting industry has developed rapidly and its technical level is relatively high. After Qin unified the six countries, the outlaws moved to Nanyang, which made the six countries rich and good at business gathered in Nanyang, which promoted the economic development of Nanyang, especially the developed iron smelting industry and became one of the national iron smelting centers. Nanyang County is still in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its jurisdiction is equivalent to the south of Xiong 'er Mountain in Henan Province and the north of Dahushan Mountain in Hubei Province. Nanyang's economic and cultural development has reached its peak in history. During the Western Han Dynasty, Nanyang Water Conservancy was as famous as Zheng Guoqu in Guanzhong and Dujiangyan in Chengdu, and was also called the three major irrigation areas in China. Due to the development of southeast and south, Wancheng has also become the hub of north-south transportation and the channel between east and west. It is one of the five famous cities in China (Nanyang, Luoyang, Linzi, Handan and Chengdu), and one of the nine regions with industrial officials and forty-six regions with iron officials. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu set out for Nanyang, known as the "hometown of emperors". Taishou Du's slope-repairing pool will expand farmland, and the county can irrigate 40,000 hectares of farmland. At this time, the use of drainage and hydraulic blower greatly improved the ironmaking efficiency, especially the use of ductile iron, which improved the ironmaking process level. This technology was used earlier than Europe 1000 years ago.

At that time, Nanyang County had a population of 2.4 million, ranking first among all counties in China. The circumference of the county seat is 36 kilometers, which is larger than the urban area 1990. Nanyang in the Han Dynasty was full of talented people. Not only did Liu Xiu's 28 founding fathers mostly come from Nanyang, but also great scientists and physicians who were famous for Zhang Heng and Zhang Zhongjing emerged. After the death of dignitaries in the Han Dynasty, reburial prevailed, and many portrait stones and bricks were unearthed in Nanyang. It is a "History of Han Dynasty in Xiu Xiang" and has become a wonderful work in the treasure house of Chinese culture and art. Since the Tang Dynasty, Nanyang has successively established two states, Deng and Tang. After the reign of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, Nanyang's agriculture and industry and commerce flourished. Li Bai said in the "Travel Map of Nanyang": "Singing stops the clouds, dancing in the wild, inviting flowers to swim, and returning to the crown with the wind." In the early Ming Dynasty, Nanyang was the fief of Tang Wangzhu, the 22nd son of Zhu Yuanzhang. During the Yongle period, a large-scale Tang Wangmi was built in Nanyang, and during the Chenghua period, the Jiujun Palace was built. Nanyang royal family is busy and active in business. Businessmen from Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei have come in succession, and various business halls and houses have sprung up everywhere. Nanyang (. Grain, cotton, raw silk, tobacco, silk, oil, fur, wood, medicinal materials, bronzes, ironware, etc. Inflow into the market and sell all over the country. At that time, Nanyang made new progress in architecture, gardens, painting, sculpture and calligraphy. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, agriculture and handicrafts were further improved, especially the construction industry. Wuhou, Shanshan Guild Hall and other ancient buildings are magnificent. Nanyang used to be the traffic artery leading to Huguang and Yunguichuan in Beijing, and the land post road was connected with the waterway wharf, so it was called "South Ship and North Horse". Shan, Shan, Jiang, Zheshang, Jiayun and other places have developed industry and commerce, and Nanyang has become the economic center of southwest Henan. In the tenth year of Guangxu, Zhenping began to produce silk and exported it to Europe and Southeast Asian countries. 1948165438+1October 4th, Nanyang was liberated and the Kuomintang rule ended. 1In March, 949, the newly established Henan Provincial Party Committee decided to set up Nanyang prefectural committee, and announced that Ye County and Wuyang County, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Nanyang, were placed in Xuchang area, and Nanzhao, Nanyang, Zhenping, Neixiang, Xichuan, Dengxian, Xinye, Tanghe, Tongbai, Biyang and Fangcheng were 1658. 1In July, 1994, the State Council approved the revocation of Nanyang area, established a prefecture-level Nanyang city, and implemented the city and county leadership system, thus Nanyang entered a new historical development period.

Nanyang city is located in the southwest of Henan province, at the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei provinces. It is adjacent to Zhumadian and Xinyang in Henan Province in the east, Xiangfan, Shiyan and Suizhou in Hubei Province in the south, Shangzhou in Shaanxi Province in the west and Sanmenxia, Luoyang and Pingdingshan in Henan Province in the north. Geographical coordinates are 3217'-33 48' north latitude and10 58'-13 49' east longitude. It is 263km long from east to west and168km wide from north to south. The total area is 26,600 square kilometers, with plains, hills and mountains accounting for 2 1%, 30.6% and 48.4% respectively. The urban area of Nanyang is 198 1 km2, and the built-up area is 42 km2. The total population of the city is 6.5438+005500, including 6.5438+05538+000000 in cities and towns.

Nanyang is bordered by Funiu Mountain in the north, Tongbai Mountain in the east, Qinling Mountain in the west and Hanjiang River in the south. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with an altitude of 72.2 meters to 22 12.5 meters. The terrain is stepped, with the river as the skeleton, forming a horseshoe-shaped basin connected with Jianghan Plain and open to the south, which is called Nanyang Basin in history. The basin is flat and fertile.

Nanyang is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, which belongs to the typical semi-humid climate of monsoon continent, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. The annual average temperature is 14.4℃- 15.7℃, the annual rainfall is 300-1/000 mm, the frost-free period is 220-240 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2047 hours. The ancients once praised Nanyang's good climatic conditions with the poem "Rain flowers bloom early before spring and frost-free leaves fall late after autumn".

There are many rivers in this area, belonging to the Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Yellow River. There are 85 rivers, and the basin area exceeds 100 square kilometers. The main rivers in the city are Danjiang, Tanghe, Baihe, Huaihe, Turbulent, Diaohe and Guanhe. The water area of the city is 2.984 million mu, the runoff is 6.7 billion cubic meters, the total water resources are 7.035 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater resources are 2.66 billion cubic meters, ranking first in the province in terms of water storage capacity, per mu water and per capita water.