Sapa recruitment

Research on College Students' Career Planning

Abstract: With the popularization of higher education, college students are facing unprecedented employment pressure. How to improve students' employment competitiveness and comprehensive quality has become the focus of social attention. It is in this context that the theory of college students' career planning has gradually attracted everyone's attention. College students' career planning is of great significance for students to enhance their personal competitiveness, the long-term healthy development of schools, the development of human resources in enterprises and the maintenance of social prosperity and stability. It is urgent to make a systematic and comprehensive study of college students' career planning and promote its implementation. Based on this, this paper expounds the significance of college students' career planning, and discusses the effective guidance of college students' career planning on this basis.

First, the emergence and development of career planning

The era of knowledge economy calls for higher education to strengthen the guidance of students' career planning. The theoretical basis of career planning is career development theory, which was born in the factor theory founded by engineer FrankParsons in the early 20th century. After the 1960s, the connotation of occupation began to change. While paying attention to career choice and development, people begin to pay attention to the choice and development of personal life outside work. At this time, the theory of "career anchor" put forward by mercy of MIT and the concept of "career" put forward by Sapa came into being. Entering the 2 1 century, the times put forward higher requirements for the rational allocation of human resources. The characteristic of knowledge-based economy based on the production, dissemination and utilization of knowledge and information is that people with knowledge, information and ability can become the most critical economic factors for social development. Therefore, learning knowledge is only one aspect of talent training, and improving the comprehensive quality of mastering and exchanging information, integrating and strengthening teamwork has become an increasingly important educational unit. This has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life, including the education sector. As the cradle of cultivating talents, colleges and universities have become a historical necessity to carry out career planning and employment guidance among college students in order to meet the market demand, promote the rational allocation of human resources and realize the all-round development of college students.

Career planning refers to "analyzing, summarizing and measuring the subjective and objective factors that determine one's career, determining career goals, choosing occupations to achieve the goals, determining corresponding education, development and training plans, and reasonably arranging the time, sequence and direction of each step" [1]2 1. At present, the global financial crisis has brought unprecedented pressure to the employment of college students. How to guide college students to plan their careers and promote their smooth employment is a historical mission and social responsibility that higher education workers should undertake.

Second, career planning has far-reaching significance for college students.

(A) the inherent needs of the healthy growth of college students

Career planning is conducive to guiding college students' career orientation and defining their goals. Career choice is the initial orientation of life value. Choosing an ideal career is very important for a person's life development. However, many college students are misled by the traditional concept of choosing jobs, and often pursue careers that are not suitable for their own development, such as "one-sided pursuit of government agencies, yearning for high-paying hot jobs, infatuation with developed coastal areas" and so on. I don't know, it is not suitable for my own development, and even the best career is not an "ideal". On the contrary, if you can cultivate and establish a correct concept of choosing a job as soon as you enter school, evaluate and know yourself scientifically, choose your career direction reasonably, aim at the career direction that can give full play to your potential, and consciously exercise and cultivate your ability and quality, you can better realize your goals and have great career development prospects.

Career planning is conducive to promoting the all-round development of college students and enhancing their core competitiveness. College students are in adolescence with all-round physical and mental development, and all kinds of psychological contradictions and conflicts are intertwined, which is a stage that quickly tends to mature but not really mature. Hope to know the society correctly, but lack dialectical thinking ability; Strong desire for self-design, but one-sided self-evaluation; Demanding independence, but relying on it; Wait a minute. In addition, because college students are faced with basic life problems such as "further education, employment and love", they often deviate from the correct development direction and have no clear goals and plans for their own positioning and future career direction.

It is these contradictions and career blind spots that make college students eager to realize the value of life, but they are often blind and inevitably suffer setbacks. In fact, the modern educational concept is to focus on developing students' potential and put students' sustainable development in the first place. College students' career planning focuses on personalized employment guidance, based on students' all-round development, guiding career planning with a long-term development vision, so that students can benefit for life and maximize their value.

(B) the current era of higher education realistic requirements

Social needs hope that colleges and universities will strengthen the education of college students' career planning. According to the Survey on the Current Situation of Contemporary College Students' First Jobs jointly conducted by Beisen Evaluation Network, the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security and Sina.com, "After finding their first jobs, 50% of college students choose to change jobs within 1 year; Within two years, the turnover rate of college students is close to 75%, which is shocking; 33% of college students' employment before choosing a job', and their first job is just a springboard from school to society; 16.3% people choose their first job' without much consideration' and' follow their feelings'; The correct career choice should take into account interest and future development space, but the fact is that only 17.5% people consider these two factors when choosing a job "[2]. According to the theory of career development, choosing a career that suits your talents and interests can not only bring happiness to life, but also make individuals more competitive in their work. However, the results of the above survey clearly reveal the opposite, which urges us to think deeply about its internal reasons. Therefore, many employers suggest that colleges and universities strengthen systematic guidance on college students' career planning, so that they can know their own specialties, interests, what they want to do, what they should do and what they can do from the beginning.

Thirdly, the analysis of the current situation of college students' career planning in China.

(1) With the increasing pressure of social employment, people pay more and more attention to career planning, especially the guidance of college students' career planning, which is paid more and more attention by relevant departments. At the same time, the psychological problems exposed by the new generation of college students in the process of job hunting also increase the difficulty of employment guidance. Therefore, in order to guide college students' career planning, we must understand their development status, fully grasp their development laws and strengthen their career planning.

(2) Students entering the university stage, regardless of their overall quality, especially their professional quality, are a qualitative leap. During this period, students' learning tasks are mainly around the professional knowledge of production and life, and they also have a general sense of direction for their future career direction and a sense of critical point for their future life expectations. After completing vocational study and preparation, college students will take up their jobs for the first time and formally start their careers. Therefore, during their college study, many college students often need to make key decisions about their future career. Therefore, the best period of career planning is the university stage, and the employment concept and ability formed at this stage will affect their life. However, various survey data show that the current situation of college students' career planning in China is not optimistic. Take the survey of "Current Situation of Career Guidance for College Students" conducted by Career magazine and Sohu Education Channel as an example. Only a few college students have short-term career plans, accounting for 17% of the respondents. Most interviewees just stay in their own vague imagination, which leads to blindness in professional study. For example, most students are keen on English and computer exams and get certificates, thus ignoring some unpopular technologies that are helpful for employment and career development, resulting in the assimilation of most students' knowledge structure and their inability to form their own characteristics. The assimilated knowledge structure will inevitably lead to the loss of their employment advantage.

(3) The theory of college students' career planning is mainly limited to the concept, characteristics, influencing factors and process steps, while the theoretical basis of college students' career planning, such as pedagogy theory, psychology theory, sociology theory and human resource management theory, is lacking in-depth research. From the perspective of human resources, enterprises, government departments and other employers are very concerned about whether the career planning of re-employed employees is transparent and consistent with the development of companies and institutions. Some college students, although their academic performance in college is average among many competitors, can also find jobs smoothly. Only a few job seekers will write their own future development plans. These career plans are written into resumes, which makes companies and enterprises feel that the job-seeking intentions of job-seeking college students are well thought out. Even if his career plan is only five years or even shorter, the employer is willing to hire such a college student with clear goals and transparent planning.

Fourth, the current problems in college students' career planning

1. The concept of career planning is not popular.

Although more and more attention has been paid to college students' career planning, it is not widely used. Relevant survey results show that when asked whether the school offers courses or lectures on career planning, 13.68% of the students answered yes, 49.47% of the students answered no special courses, only occasional lectures, and 36.84% of the students answered no. When asked, "Where did you get the knowledge about career planning?" The answer is 5 1.3% from the internet, 34.26% from lectures, and only 9.26% from classes. 15.74% of students think that they plan their careers according to their own experiences. When asked whether the knowledge about career planning in the school employment website is enough, only 14.29% of the students think it is enough, 48.57% of the students think that there is almost no knowledge about career planning in their school employment website, and 37.6438+04% of the students think that there is some knowledge about career planning in the school employment website, but it cannot meet the needs [3]. These findings reflect that the concept of career planning has not been effectively popularized in colleges and universities.

2. The practice of career planning is unscientific.

The vague concept of college students' career planning will inevitably lead to the lack of scientific career planning and many psychological misunderstandings. For example, some people think that the plan is not as good as change, and there is no need to make career planning. Some college students think that it is not too late to make career plans when they are about to graduate. They don't realize that the unsatisfactory employment situation has made some college students realize that career planning should be a key task from the beginning of their freshman year. Some people equate career planning with career goals or study plans. Actually, career planning is not a study plan. Achieving career goals often requires not only knowledge but also ability. Therefore, the focus of career planning is to improve the ability to work. Some people do career planning for quick success and instant benefit. A survey once conducted among hundreds of college students showed that "95% of the students indicated that they would be supervisors in two years and become department heads in five years" [4]74. They often ignore the consideration of personal age and development, and the employment goal is too high, which leads to low mentality in the process of choosing a job. Some people think that major is career, and major determines career. Some people think that highly educated people have high skills. As long as they are highly educated, they are equal to good talents and have high employability. Some even equate career planning with college career planning, and think that college career planning is a part of the whole life career planning. Wait a minute.

3. The school's guidance on career planning is weak.

The school lacks a career planning system and a sound organization. There is no professional career planning counseling team, and the concept of career planning has not become a supporting concept to guide school education, teaching and management. Judging from the existing services of talent training and career development in the school, the employment guidance courses offered by the school for students, various employment-related lectures and campus job fairs held regularly, and timely training of various grade certificates and professional qualification certificates show that the school pays more attention to instilling career theory, providing employment information and cultivating employment quality. However, due to the late start of vocational guidance courses and the short-term behavior of teaching and training, the teachers are often not professional guidance experts, and their level is not necessarily high, and the results are not great. Facts have proved that the career planning guidance of the school has not been fully and deeply carried out, and it still stays at the general guidance level of employment. Many schools do not provide perfect personnel training measures and career development services, and students are at a loss about their career prospects.

Five, college students' career planning countermeasures

(A) establish a scientific concept of planning

1. Cherish your interest. When a person is interested in a profession, he will feel full of interest even though the profession itself may be boring. Some experts found through investigation that if a person is interested in his career, he can give full play to 80% ~ 90% of all his talents and stay efficient for a long time without feeling tired. If you are not interested in the profession, you can only play 20% ~ 30% of all your talents, and you are easy to get tired [5] 19. Numerous research results have repeatedly shown that there is an obvious positive correlation between interest and success probability. When designing your career, you must pay attention to your personality, temperament, ability and other characteristics, cherish your interests, choose what you love and choose your favorite career.

2. Be aware of your advantages. Any occupation requires practitioners to master certain knowledge and skills and have certain conditions. The principle of comparative advantage also applies to career design. As the saying goes, "a good horse can take risks, and farming is not as good as cattle; A strong car can carry loads, but crossing the river is not as good as a boat. "When designing a career, we must foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and choose a career that is most conducive to giving full play to our advantages. Of course, this choice can't be achieved in one step, but there can't be a single-minded cause in modern society, and the mechanism of rational flow of talents has been formed. As long as you are good at grasping it, it is entirely possible to seize the opportunity and adjust it in time.

3. aim at social needs. Social needs are constantly changing, old needs are constantly disappearing and new needs are constantly emerging. Aiming at social needs, people are required to take social needs as their starting point and destination when choosing professional positions. The development of any individual must meet the needs of society, and self-design without social needs is doomed to have no future. Therefore, when planning and designing a career, we must be close to the needs of society and follow the principle of choosing the world.

(B) the overall strategy of good planning

1. All-round self-orientation, answer a series of questions such as "Who am I, what I want to do, what conditions support me". Every college student should have an objective and comprehensive understanding of himself, straighten his position and believe in his own strength. At present, many college graduates lack the courage to face employers when they are employed, and they can't boldly accept certain things, especially some higher vocational and high-paying units that they yearn for, thus losing their ideal employment opportunities. Know your strengths and weaknesses, weaknesses and shortcomings, and know what you are suitable for. Only in this way can you win a competitive advantage.

To this end, we must first accurately evaluate our knowledge and skills; Secondly, we should be good at analyzing our own personality characteristics; Finally, we should comprehensively consider our own environment and conditions, which is the basis of career planning.

2. Career planning, answering a series of questions such as "What do I want to do and how to do it". Many people have formed the expectation of their future careers in college, but they often ignore the consideration of their age and development, and their employment goals are too high and too idealistic. In recent years, many graduates have been emphasizing big units, big cities and high income in their career choices, and even gave up their personal professional expertise for these reasons, regardless of their personal personality and career interests. Similarly, for those students who have the idea of "looking at another mountain from one mountain", it is also an expression of uncertain career goals. Blind pursuit and choice of comparison will not only affect your current employment, but also adversely affect your future career development. Everyone should know what he wants to do now and in the future. The determination of career goals needs to be carried out in stages according to the characteristics of different periods and their own professional characteristics, work ability and hobbies.

3. Strengthen guidance, establish and develop career consulting institutions, and offer career planning courses. Career planning and development is a complex and continuous process. In this process, it is difficult to achieve the goal only by personal experience. As we all know, career development is an irreversible process. For everyone, life is limited, and every step of career choice is related to one's age. Therefore, in this process, with the help of the intelligence and experience advantages of vocational counseling, it will play a multiplier role, at least less detours. What schools should pay attention to is that such institutions must be composed of a group of experts and practical workers who have extensive theories on human resource development and management and are proficient in various scientific evaluation methods. On the other hand, the school should offer a four-year course of career planning and development, so that every college student can know theoretically why and how to plan and develop his career.

Through career planning, college students can solve the "four fixings" of career orientation, fixed point, positioning and centering, determine career goals as soon as possible, choose the geographical scope of career development, grasp career positioning, maintain a stable and normal mentality, and work in an orderly and step-by-step manner according to goals and ideals. Therefore, from the moment college students enter school, they should cultivate, guide and train their career planning, so as to lay a solid foundation for their future career development.

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