What is the difference between the functions of Zhongshu Province in Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province in Yuan Dynasty and Zhongshu Province in Tang Dynasty?

What is the difference between the functions of Zhongshu Province in Yuan Dynasty and Zhongshu Province in Tang Dynasty? In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province were the central administrative confluence, which was decided by Zhongshu Province, reviewed by Menxia Province, approved by the emperor, and then executed by Shangshu Province.

In the Yuan Dynasty, only Zhongshu Province was left in the three provinces, and the prime minister was the highest administrative body. What is the functional difference between Zhongshu Province in Tang Dynasty and Zhongshu Province in Yuan Dynasty? In Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was responsible for drafting imperial edicts, while in Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was responsible for state affairs. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was one of the central institutions responsible for drafting state decrees. The Yuan Dynasty established Zhongshu Province as the highest administrative body in China, with the Prime Minister as the national government. Shangshu, the provincial minister of Zhongshu Province, was sent to the local government, which was called "saving trouble by running Zhongshu".

Function: First, the feudal bureaucracy formed a complete and rigorous system, which improved administrative efficiency and strengthened the ruling power of the central government. Second, the power of the prime minister is divided into three provinces, and the level of the governors in the three provinces is low, which weakens the power of the ministers and strengthens the imperial power of the factory. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the prime minister assisted the emperor in handling national political affairs and was in the position of "one person below and ten thousand people above". Whenever the emperor was incompetent, it also expanded the number of people discussing politics and received the effect of brainstorming; Third, the clarity of each part is conducive to the centralization of the emperor and the implementation of government decrees, improve administrative efficiency, and give full play to the effectiveness of state institutions. Significance and influence: The system of three provinces and six departments is a major change in the history of China's official system, which marks the maturity of the feudal political system. Since then, this system has basically been used by successive dynasties. In Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was in charge of officials, while Privy Council and Yushitai were in charge of politics, army and supervision respectively. Therefore, the province of Chinese books is more important than the previous generation. Part of local administration is also controlled by Zhongshu Province. Remote areas are governed by eleven provincial books. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was the core authority of the Tang Empire, and its top officials were directly responsible to the emperor himself. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was one of the three provinces and six provinces, and it was a political official system. Zhongshu province is responsible for drafting and issuing the emperor's orders. The nature and functions of Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province in Tang Dynasty are as follows. The three provinces are the highest central government agencies in the central government. Generally speaking, decisions are made in books, audited under the door, and implemented in books.

Zhongshu Province is the decision-making body responsible for drafting and issuing imperial edicts, and its chief executive is Zhongshu Decree. The province under the door is a deliberative body, which is responsible for reviewing government decrees, refuting them and violating them. Its chief executive is Shi Zhong. The three provinces are the highest ruling institutions of the central government, and the governors of the three provinces are all prime ministers, who are responsible for the central government affairs. What is the difference between the function of Zhongshu Province and that of Tang Dynasty? In Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was one of the three provinces and six provinces, and it was a political official system. Zhongshu province was responsible for drafting and issuing the emperor's orders. By the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was established, which is the administrative division system and the basis for dividing provinces today. In Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was divided into Zhongshu Province and Zhongshu Province, the former was the administrative department and the latter was the highest administrative organ.

What are the specific duties and official positions of Zhongshu Province in Tang Dynasty? In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province, Xiamen Province and Shangshu Province were the central administrative confluence, which was decided by Zhongshu Province, reviewed by Xiamen Province and approved by the emperor, and then implemented by Shangshu Province. Therefore, people who actually served as prime ministers call it "the same thing as Chinese books." In Wei and Jin Dynasties, the governor of Zhongshu Province was the supervisor of Zhongshu, who was the official of Zhongshu. In Sui Dynasty, the supervisor of Zhongshu was abolished and only the post of Zhongshu was retained. Under Zhongshu, Tang had Zhongshu Assistant Minister and Zhongshu Sheren, all of whom were important positions.

Generally speaking, the provinces of Chinese books are: two people in Chinese books, and two products are positive. Zhang Zuolin's son of heaven is in charge of major policies, but he always saves trouble. Two assistants, three products. In charge of the second order, the imperial government participated in the discussion. Lin Xuan ordered a book, and in order to make it, he got a book. Four foreigners come to Korea to judge people by their appearance; If you donate money, you will get paid. There are six people in Sheren, grade five. Play hand in hand and participate in the chapter. There are mainly four books, divided into seven categories. There are four people in charge, from eight grades. There are twenty-five ministers, fifty ministers, four competent ministers, ten translators, twenty messengers, ten clerks, eighteen pavilion directors, twenty palms, one tailor, fifty repairmen, twenty clerks and twenty clerks. There are two formal waiters on the right, four doctors on the right, six people on the right and six people on the right. There are two people in the living room, from Liupin. Responsible for recording the history of words, recording praise words, such as the system of taking notes, and teaching the history of the country at the end of the season. There are four regular script players and two standard players. There are sixteen people in charge, from six grades. See you in the palm of your hand, attract you, and play in the hall. All the courtiers who entered the army and were civil and military officials were guided to advance and retreat, and the festival of going in and out was worshipped and praised. References:

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The nature and function of Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province in Tang Dynasty (namely, the province of internal history in Sui Dynasty): the chief is Zhongshuling (called the internal history order in Sui Dynasty), the deputy chief is Zhongshuling (called the internal history assistant in Sui Dynasty), and the chief official is Zhongshuling. The responsibility of drafting imperial edicts on military affairs and the appointment and dismissal of important officials for the emperor is mainly borne by the Chinese secretary. This is a decision-making body.

Menxia province: the chief officer is Shi Zhong (called Sui Dynasty), the deputy chief officer is Huang Men Assistant (later renamed Menxia Assistant), and the chief officer is responsible for reviewing courtiers' memorials and Chinese imperial edicts. If someone thinks it is inappropriate, they can refuse it, which is called "rebuttal", and the right to refute it is mainly in the hands of assistants. This is a deliberative body. Shangshu Province: Sir. The deputy chief is a servant. Under the servants, there are left and right officials, left and right doctors, and foreign ministers. Shangshu province is located outside the palace and is in charge of six departments. The regulations promulgated by Zhongshu Province are forwarded to the central departments and local counties, or according to the spirit of the regulations, laws are formulated and distributed to relevant departments, such as central temples, prisons and Baisi. It must also be sent by the province. It is the executive organ. The characteristic of the three-province system in Tang Dynasty is that it was changed to two provinces and one province soon after its establishment. The motivation of this change lies in the control of relative power by imperial power and the improvement of administrative efficiency. First of all, in order to suppress the relative power, the emperor gradually used some junior officials to participate in state affairs and actually exercised the power of prime minister, but because there was no lofty title of prime minister, it was easy to control. Gradually, the positions of prime minister, such as secretariat, ministers, left and right servants, have become lofty titles, while the real prime minister has become a temporary position, which conforms to the law of declining relative power since the Han Dynasty. In the Tang dynasty, the heads of the three provinces "respected taste and didn't want to give people light, and often took his official position as the prime minister." In his name. " (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Volume 46, Guan Baizhi) mainly includes Ping Zhangshi, Tongzhong Shumen Sanpin and so on. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign, Li Jing, a servant, resigned as prime minister because of illness. Emperor Taizong disagreed and asked him to "be sick and settle down at the door of Zhongshu." At the beginning of Ping Zhang Shi, an official (Guo Daiju, assistant minister of Huangmen, and Cen Changqian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War) took the book of the same clan as the prime minister. Changxing taboo for four years (Murong Zhaoyan's father seal), because the servant of Shangshu is a professional official, it was changed to "the book of the same family is a second product". In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, Xiao Yu and Li Ji were "the same clan and the same book". The prime minister must have the title of "three products under the same secretariat", otherwise even the secretariat secretary can't be called the prime minister, and the high-grade one can't be called the prime minister (except for the three divisions and three divisions). Secondly, the functions of the three provinces gradually tend to be mixed and unified. Decentralization among the three provinces will inevitably lead to mutual restraint and low efficiency. In order to coordinate the actions among the three provinces, the heads of the three provinces hold regular discussions in the provincial government hall under the door. During the Yongchun period in Tang Gaozong, "Pei Yan changed from serving the middle school to teaching the middle school, and was located in the middle school." In this way, the central position of middle school is established. In the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, the middle school was named Middle School. After that, it is divided into five rooms: official, cardinal, soldier, household and criminal. Since then, Zhongshumen has officially become the prime minister's office. Shangshu Province was renamed as Wenchangtai, Doutaitai and Zhongtai in Wu Zetian period, Xitai, Fengge and Wei Zi Province in Wu Zetian period, and Dongtai, Luantai and Huang Wei in the following time.

The Sui Dynasty was changed to "the province of internal history" or "the province of internal books", and the Tang Dynasty was renamed Xitai, Fengge and Weizi provinces, and the old names were restored. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province, Xiamen Province and Shangshu Province were the central administrative confluence, which was decided by Zhongshu Province, reviewed by Xiamen Province and approved by the emperor, and then implemented by Shangshu Province. Therefore, people who actually served as prime ministers call it "the same thing as Chinese books." In Wei and Jin Dynasties, the governor of Zhongshu Province was the supervisor of Zhongshu, who was the official of Zhongshu. In Sui Dynasty, the supervisor of Zhongshu was abolished and only the post of Zhongshu was retained. Under Zhongshu, Tang had Zhongshu Assistant Minister and Zhongshu Sheren, all of whom were important positions. Although there were three provinces of Shangshu, Menxia and Zhongshu in Song Dynasty, the power of Zhongshu province was particularly heavy. The Official History of the Song Dynasty said: "The Prime Minister is not appointed as the governor of the three provinces, and is a foreign minister, and the Chinese book is forbidden. In charge of major affairs with the Privy Council. " In the Song Dynasty, the position of Zhongshu Province was "in charge of quasi-common affairs, announcing orders, exhorting Taiwan Province, inviting ministers to create reforms, and appointing officials such as provinces, Taiwan, temples, prisons, attendants, counties and judges." Zhongshu Province holds the executive power, and together with the Privy Council in charge of military power, it is called the "second government". In the Yuan Dynasty, officials were in charge of the provincial government, while the Privy Council and Yushitai were in charge of the government, army and prison. The province under the door and the province of Shangshu have been abolished, so the province of Zhongshu is more important than the previous generation. Part of local administration is also controlled by Zhongshu Province. Remote areas, eleven provinces in the province. It was used in the early Ming Dynasty. In the 13th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1380), the province of Zhongshu was abolished, and the emperor was directly in charge of six departments, and it was stipulated that the court could not have a prime minister after that, and the centralization was further strengthened. Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty set up a cabinet, and confidential positions began to belong to the "cabinet". Since then, there has been no such institution as Zhongshu Province. What was the function of the book province in Yuan Dynasty? The prime minister of Zhongshu Province was the highest administrative body in Yuan Dynasty. His official position follows the Jin Shangshu provincial system, and the official position is concurrently held by the Crown Prince, and he is absent when there is no Crown Prince. The actual chief executive is the right prime minister, the left prime minister (yuan system is still right, so right is above left), or just the right prime minister, who always saves trouble and commands a hundred divisions.

Four members of Pingzhang politics are deputy to the Prime Minister; You Cheng and Zuo Cheng each have one person, and the two people in charge of government affairs are consuls; Collectively known as the massacre. He also appointed four members to participate in the discussion of Chinese books, in charge of the left and right divisions, and participated in military affairs. Both Zuo Si and You Si have their own officials, such as a doctor, a foreign minister and a general manager. There are six books in Zhongshu Province. At the beginning of Tong Yuan's mid-term, there were three left-wing departments (officials, families and ceremonies) and three right-wing departments (soldiers, criminals and workers).

In the first year of Zhiyuan (1264), it was divided into four parts: official ceremony, household department, military punishment and labor, and seven years was divided into six parts. In the process of national unification, each region has been divided into China book province and transferred to China book province; Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and parts of Inner Mongolia are directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province and are called "belly", which means mainland China.

From the seventh year to the eighth year, from the twenty-fourth year to the twenty-ninth year, from the sophomore year (1309) to the fourth year, the Shangshu Provincial Financial Office was established three times, and officials such as Prime Minister, Pingzhang, You Cheng and Zuo Cheng were appointed. The administrative power in this period actually belonged to Shangshu province, and Zhongshu province in all the rows was changed to Shangshu province accordingly. Save history and power will be restored to Zhongshu Province.

In Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province also had some institutions (a special administrative institution and a * * * institution) in the distance, that is, Zhongshu Province in all rows (referred to as provincial province for short), later called its jurisdiction, and later called local province (but Zhongshu Province itself did not refer to its direct jurisdiction "in the womb").

Extended data

As a formal prime minister institution, Zhongshu Province is in charge of decision-making and the highest authority of the central government, and its chief, Zhongshuling, is the chief prime minister stipulated by the system. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty, the officials of Zhongshu Province were in charge of Zhongshu Province and exercised the power of prime minister.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used to be the Prime Minister's House, and his power was relatively independent. Hanwu set up China's calligraphy institutions and internal officials to strengthen the imperial power and weaken the administrative power of the Prime Minister's House. The establishment of Zhongshu Province in the Western Jin Dynasty made the power of traditional prime ministers more dependent on imperial power, but the actual power relationship was higher than the nominal relationship. Later, Zhongshu Province was relatively independent, and the Yuan Dynasty also established Zhongshu Province in some areas. In the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang killed the Prime Minister Hu, took the opportunity to abolish the province of Zhongshu in Ming Dynasty, and only kept the Chinese book Sheren. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a branch of calligraphy in China, which had a very low status and only a supervisory role.

Although there were no positions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the so-called "clerk" or cabinet college students successively replaced the original secretariat role, and the word nave in the Qing Dynasty was derived from it. However, compared with the previous period, important positions such as cabinet university have lost the prestige of the prime minister.