How many difficulties did the bidding market encounter?

Since the implementation of 5438+1 October1People's Republic of China (PRC) Bidding Law in June 2000, great progress has been made in the standardized construction of the construction market. The openness of the construction market has increased, the level of fair competition has increased, the project cost has decreased, the overall level of quality and efficiency has improved, the corruption in the construction field has been curbed, the construction team has initially achieved the survival of the fittest, and a large number of buildings with strong competitive strength have emerged. However, in the open, fair and just construction bidding market, some new problems have emerged in the deepening reform and development of construction enterprises.

exist problem

Bidding resources are wasted seriously, which increases the unnecessary cost of the construction unit and the construction unit. Because domestic construction enterprises are still labor-intensive enterprises, which can accommodate a large number of labor, and because some construction enterprises have obtained higher profits than other industries through unfair competition, the construction team once expanded, and the relationship between supply and demand in the construction market has been unbalanced for a long time, and construction projects are far from meeting the needs of the construction team. Of course, the reasons for this situation are: on the one hand, there are a large number of construction enterprises objectively, and they flock to them; On the other hand, it is not excluded that some bidding agencies use the bidding meeting to sell bidding documents to increase additional income and lower the bidding threshold. Under normal circumstances, the project that the construction unit participates in bidding will be tracked from the survey, design or project establishment, and the relationship will be established with the construction unit and design unit. The tracking time is as short as several months and as long as several years. Then get bidding information from the Internet, prepare pre-qualification materials, participate in bidding registration, purchase bidding documents, conduct on-site and market research, and sort out documents. The construction unit that can win the bid in the bidding is often one of dozens or hundreds, and all the work of the unit that fails to win the bid is in vain. First of all, in terms of cost, the annual cost (including the cost of human resources) of the construction unit for development and bidding is not less than 5% of the newly signed and won contracts; Secondly, in order to highlight their own characteristics and advantages, bidders blindly compare, improve the appearance quality of tenders, invest in sophisticated office supplies, and even use extremely luxurious packaging methods such as bronzing. This kind of investment, due to the extensive and meager bidding of the construction unit, the bidding documents of most units will be invalid. I believe that if the tendering agencies and bidders don't clean up these bidding documents in time, they are likely to pile up. This is the result of the bidder investing a lot of human resources costs and office management costs, and eventually a large number of beautifully made waste products are formed. The construction unit has invested a lot of invalid expenses in the bidding work, which is really helpless.

The trend of light management and heavy management is serious, and safety and quality accidents on construction sites occur frequently. For the construction unit, due to the imbalance between supply and demand in the construction market, it is the key for the enterprise to survive and develop in the fierce competition whether it can guarantee the construction task. Business leaders can only focus on task contracting. Not only the main person in charge should personally grasp the development, but also one-third of the deputy leaders should go to the market to ensure that they hit the nail on the head in the bidding. In the construction market, we are afraid to miss every bidding opportunity and create conditions to participate in bidding frequently; Not only do most enterprise leaders attach importance to task contracting, but all construction units should also set up a huge development task organization, concentrate 30% or even 50% of the engineering and technical management personnel of the enterprise, and complete a series of bidding processes from information tracking to contract signing according to the information department, marketing department, technology department and general department. The main construction technology management force of the construction unit is committed to task development and bidding. In the case of a general shortage of talents in construction enterprises, the technical force of on-site management is very weak, and the level of on-site technical management personnel is generally reduced. Recruited college graduates go to the scene, lacking the guidance of experienced teachers, which encourages the cultivation of talents. The lack of on-site talents in construction enterprises makes it difficult to train talents, which leads to the decline of on-site management level, frequent construction safety and quality accidents, which reduces the market credibility and makes it difficult to undertake engineering tasks. The more difficult it is for construction enterprises to undertake projects, the more they will intensify their efforts to undertake development tasks and fall into a vicious circle. In this state, enterprises really can't guarantee the level of project site management.

The construction price deviates from the value. The price of products should be determined by the market, but in order to prevent the high profit rate of construction enterprises and curb corruption, the construction unit generally adopts the lowest bid price on the basis of unifying the budgeting method and reducing the cost 10% ~ 20%. Because the construction market itself is in an unbalanced state of short supply, in order to win the project, bidders often blindly reduce the total bid price to win the bid. The price of construction products determined in this way is not the equal and true will of the supply and demand subjects in the construction market, and it is hard to say that it can conform to the law of value. In fact, the final construction products also deviated from the original intention of the construction unit, either the settlement price greatly exceeded the original bid-winning price, or the (internal) quality level of the products declined. What is even more undesirable is that the construction unit does not concentrate on site management, but does everything possible to do a good job in the design, construction and supervision units, gain understanding and support, handle additional claims, and achieve the purpose of capital preservation and even profit. Because of the imbalance between supply and demand, one party basically decides the price of construction products, which not only deviates from the actual value of products, but also directly affects the quality of construction products, and even leaves serious hidden dangers that endanger people's lives and safety.

Bidding and performance guarantee required by the construction unit increase the risks of financial institutions. At present, in the bidding work, the construction unit requires bidders to provide bid bond, and the winning bidder provides quality bond, performance bond or bank credit guarantee. In a positive sense, the promotion of this practice can reduce the investment and construction risks of construction units to a certain extent, and financial institutions have also expanded their business and increased their income; However, from the perspective of potential risks, at present, the construction industry is seriously in arrears with the project payment, and the construction unit has to provide various deposits and guarantees of 10% to 30% in the bid-winning stage, which can only be solved by borrowing from the bank and applying for a guarantee. The collateral or counter-guarantee unit that the bank issues loans or letters of guarantee to bidders has not established an online verification system in China, leaving a loophole that the collateral has multiple guarantees or the counter-guarantee unit has cross-regional and super-capacity counter-guarantee. It has not played much role in the construction enterprises with good credit. On the contrary, it has provided the construction units with insufficient capacity and poor credit with opportunities to create false capacity and credit certificates, which has brought new business risks to financial institutions.

Solutions and measures

Give full play to the role of qualification thresholds and regulatory agencies to reduce bidding costs. Since July, 2006 1 day, the Ministry of Construction issued the Regulations on Qualification Management of Construction Enterprises, the Ministry of Construction and qualification management agencies at all levels have re-examined the scale, resources, construction performance, construction ability and reputation of domestic construction teams, and determined their qualification grades according to management standards. An enterprise with a construction qualification certificate shall be an enterprise that contracts projects within the scope specified by the corresponding qualification grade. That is to say, a series of bidding work and bidding documents compiled by the construction units now participating in bidding are, in a broad sense, duplicate documents for qualification declaration, among which the theoretically valuable construction organization design is also compiled for bidding rather than on-site construction. Due to the different purposes of preparation, it has actually lost its guiding significance for on-site construction. Even the bid evaluation organized by the bidding unit is repeating the similar work of the qualification examination institution. Moreover, there are a lot of tenders now, and the more they are compiled, the thicker they are, the beautiful appearance and the same content. I believe that the judges drawn from the expert database simply don't have enough time to review them one by one. Repeated evaluation consumes a lot of resources and expenses, which can give full play to the role of qualification certificates and qualification supervision institutions. As long as the bidding documents stipulate the qualification grade requirements of the construction unit, the construction unit with corresponding qualifications can be regarded as having the construction qualification and ability, and can participate in the bidding of the project without compiling the bidding documents, thus saving unnecessary repeated expenses for the construction unit and the construction unit.

Promote the method of shaking beads in Shenzhen and Zhuhai, and simplify the bidding procedures. Most domestic bidding agencies adopt the method that the bidding unit submits the bidding documents, the bidding unit opens the bids and organizes experts to evaluate the bids, and the bidding documents are graded according to the economic bid and the technical bid respectively. This way, on the one hand, does not give full play to the authority of the qualification management department and the recognition of the qualification certificate; On the other hand, it increases the cost burden of the construction unit and the construction unit. At present, the bidding information published online in Shenzhen and Zhuhai and the units with corresponding qualification certificates can sign up for bidding. After examination, the bidding method of the bidding unit to determine the winning bidder has attracted a lot of applause. This practice not only saves the bidding cost, but also is more open and fair. At the same time, we will further resist the breeding and spread of corruption from the setting of methods.

Establish an intermediary agency to evaluate the price of building products so that the price of building products conforms to the law of value. It is suggested that the expert evaluation team originally organized by the tendering agency should shift its focus from the evaluation and scoring of technical and economic tenders to the confirmation of project prices. According to the budget estimate issued by the design unit, the tendering unit entrusts a qualified budgeting institution or intermediary institution to prepare the construction budget according to the market price, and then organizes an expert group to conduct evaluation and appraisal, so as to separate the pricing of construction products from the tendering unit and the tendering unit and reduce the relevance. Then the construction unit is determined by shaking the ball, so that the construction, design, pricing, construction, supervision and use units are relatively independent, which is more in line with the laws of market operation.

Reversing the crisis of heavy control and light management with credit evaluation mechanism. To solve this problem fundamentally, both the supply and demand sides of the construction market should make efforts, and construction enterprises should raise their awareness and realize that this short-term behavior may lead to serious consequences of eventually losing the market, and completely reverse the practice of focusing on management; Construction market regulators, construction units and tendering agencies should also improve the bidding methods and establish a credit evaluation system for construction enterprises. While simplifying the bid evaluation procedure, besides examining the qualification, we should also increase the elimination mechanism of credit rating, so as to urge the construction enterprises to do a good job in on-site management, establish market reputation through on-site management, win the market by constantly improving their own credit rating, and make the construction market enter the track of benign development.

In addition, the risks that may be brought to financial institutions by requiring construction enterprises to provide bid bonds and performance bonds can also be avoided by establishing a credit evaluation mechanism for construction units. If the tendering agency can keep out the construction enterprises without project contracting qualification and credibility, and all the successful bidders are qualified, powerful and reputable construction units, then the risk of financial institutions handling loans and letter of guarantee business can be reduced accordingly.

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