Urgent: "Is the production of battery panels on battery cars harmful to human health?" Master is in a hurry! !

Harmful to health are mainly lead smoke and dust in the production process, which are occupational hazards to human body. See below for details.

Health promotion and effect analysis of lead exposed workers in a battery factory

Www.shouxi.net Yang Yilian 2006-8-181:21:01China Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, June 2006, Volume 7,No. 12.

Key words: urinary lead; Lead dust; Lead smoke

Objective To understand the influence of health promotion on lead exposed workers. Methods In 2005 and 2006, lead in urine was detected in workers exposed to lead in a battery manufacturer in Tianjin, and occupational hazards in the workplace were detected in 2004 and 2005. Results Through epidemiological analysis, it was found that in 2005, compared with 2004, the lead dust and lead smoke in the workplace changed from exceeding the standard to reaching the standard. The urine lead level of lead exposed workers in 2006 was improved compared with that in 2005. The conclusion shows that the overall environmental level has been improved and the workers exposed to lead have been protected after the attention of the unit.

Urine lead; Lead dust; Lead smoke

Lead is almost ubiquitous in human environment. Lead and its compounds have played an important role in modern industry and are widely used non-ferrous metals [1]. According to statistics, in recent years, China has produced more than 10,000 tons of metallic lead 165438+ every year, accounting for 18.3% of the world's total lead production, and the output of its smelting products is increasing rapidly [2].

As one of the main raw materials of storage battery, lead is widely used in production. Lead mainly enters human body through respiratory tract and digestive tract, causing harm. In recent years, with the rapid development of electric bicycles and other industries, the demand for batteries is increasing, which greatly promotes the development of the battery industry, but at the same time, it also produces a series of occupational health problems.

In order to evaluate and explain the effect of health promotion, we carried out occupational health education and intervention on the health behavior of lead-exposed workers in a battery manufacturer in Tianjin, and measured the lead concentration in the air of the workshop and the lead in the urine of workers.

1 objects and methods

1.1The urine lead levels of12 workers exposed to lead in a storage battery factory in Tianjin in 2005 were compared with those of 105 workers exposed to lead in 2006, among which 64 male workers were exposed to lead in 2005, aged/kloc-0. In 2006, there were 60 male workers exposed to lead, aged18-56 years, and 45 female workers, aged19-50 years, with working experience 13 years.

1.2 data sources and methods to investigate the general situation of enterprises, production technology, ventilation and detoxification facilities, workers' operation protection and corresponding labor protection rules and regulations; According to the Standard for Monitoring and Sampling Hazardous Substances in the Workplace Air (GBZ 159-2004), air samples in the workplace were collected, the concentration of lead dust (smoke) was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry, the morning urine 100ml was collected by lead-free wide polyethylene plastic bottles, and the urine lead content was determined by differential potentiometric stripping method.

Using 1.3 statistical method to test the rate of urinary lead exceeding the standard, and whether the difference is statistically significant. The average lead content in urine was tested by homogeneity of variance, and then the difference was compared by t' test of two groups of data.

1.4 Determine whether the concentration of lead smoke and lead dust in the air of standard workshop exceeds the standard, and evaluate it according to occupational exposure limits of Hazardous Factors in Workplace (GBZ2-2002); According to the Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Chronic Lead Poisoning (GBZ37-2002), the lead content in urine was evaluated.

Two results

2. 1 Basic information This enterprise is a private enterprise, established for 5 years. More than 50 employees/kloc-0, including production workers 120, were all exposed to lead. The main product is lead-acid battery, and the main raw material is metal lead. In the production process, lead smoke and lead dust mainly cause occupational hazards to human body.

The main production process of the battery in this enterprise is: grinding lead powder → casting plate → coating plate → drying → secondary repair → cladding plate → welding assembly → online inspection → charging and discharging → product inspection → finished product packaging.

2.2 Test results of lead smoke and lead dust concentration in each workshop In 2004, the workshop environment of this enterprise was tested. Two sampling points were selected for lead dust detection, and three sampling points were selected for lead smoke detection, all exceeding the national hygiene standards, as shown in table 1.

In 2005, the workshop environment of this enterprise was tested again, and 1 sampling point was selected for lead dust detection and 3 sampling points for lead smoke detection, all of which did not exceed the national hygiene standards, as shown in Table 2. Table 1 Test results and judgment of lead smoke and dust in the air of workshop in 2004 Note: Sampling point1:working position on the east side of casting plate in painting workshop; Sampling point 2: a group of lead welding operation posts in the assembly workshop; Sampling point 3: assembly workshop center; Sampling point 4: operation position of cathode plate coating side in coating workshop; Sampling point 5: west of positive plate in painting workshop Operation Table 2 Test results and judgment of lead smoke and lead dust in workshop air in 2005 Note: lead smoke: PC-TWA is 0.03mg/m3, and PC-STEL is 0.09 mg/m3; Lead dust: 0.05mg/m3 for PC-TWA and 0.1.5mg/m3 for PC-STEL; Sampling point 1: working position on the east side of casting plate in painting workshop; Sampling point 2: four groups of lead welding jobs in the assembly workshop; Sampling point 3: a group of lead welding operation posts in the assembly workshop; Sampling point 4: Operating position of cathode plate coating side in coating workshop

2.3 Urine lead test results In 2005, there were lead workers 1 12 people, of whom 7 1 person was exposed to urine lead, with an over-standard rate of 63.39% and an average urine lead value of 0.145mg/L; In 2006, 105 workers were exposed to lead, among which 19 workers were exposed to urine lead, with the over-standard rate of 18. 10%, and the average lead value was 0.045 mg/l ... The over-standard rate of urine lead among lead exposed workers in 2006 and 2005 was statistically compared (. In 2006, the urinary lead exceeding standard rate of lead exposed workers was more than three times lower than that in 2005. The average urine lead content of lead exposed workers in 2006 was statistically compared with that of lead exposed workers in 2005. Homogeneity test showed that the variance was uneven (F= 15.07, P < 0. 10), and the difference was statistically significant (t'=7.75, P < 0.005). As shown in Table 3, the average urine lead content of lead exposed workers in 2006 was more than three times lower than that in 2005. Table 3 Urine lead test results in 2005 and 2006

3 discussion

The investigation results show that the lead pollution in the workshop air of the battery manufacturer in 2005 was obviously improved compared with that in 2004, and the average urine lead content of lead exposed workers in 2006 was more than three times lower than that in 2005. It is because after the environmental protection inspection of the workshop in 2004, the unit began to take corresponding protective measures.

In view of the original problems in the workshop environment, the enterprise has strengthened ventilation, detoxification and purification measures, and added local ventilation facilities for lead powder grinding jobs, whole room ventilation facilities for painting and second repair jobs, and lower ventilation facilities for composite plate jobs. Due to the process requirements, the lower ventilation facilities cannot be set for the welding assembly, so the upper ventilation facilities are added. To a certain extent, the concentration of toxic substances in the workplace has been reduced, and the concentration of lead smoke (dust) in the workplace air has reached the national standard.

Before 2005, due to insufficient understanding and investment in occupational health, this enterprise had many problems, such as poor equipment, lack of occupational protection facilities and imperfect occupational health management system. Most of the workers recruited are short-term temporary workers, and there is no health examination for employees, and no health records are established for employees. The risk of occupational poisoning of workers exists at any time [4]. Production workers generally lack corresponding knowledge of occupational disease prevention and awareness of labor protection. They don't use gas masks and gloves, but drink water, eat and smoke in the workshop, which increases the harm of lead absorption. After the environmental protection inspection in the workshop in 2004, the enterprise strengthened the occupational health management, and workers must use labor protection articles (gas masks, dust masks, gloves, etc. ) improve self-protection awareness when working in your own position. Carry out occupational health education for employees, develop good hygiene habits, take off work clothes when resting and eating, and wash hands frequently (wash hands with vinegar soap) to prevent lead from being absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Adhere to regular occupational health examination, and achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of lead poisoning [5].

refer to

Bai Pinqing, Zhu Meifen, Fan Haijun. Health promotion and effect analysis of workers exposed to lead. Industrial health and occupational diseases, 2006, 32 (1): 39-4 1.

Wu Guixiang, Wu Chao. Causes and prevention of lead poisoning in enterprises. Hunan Metallurgy, 2005,33 (1): 21-23.

Rao Dingmao, Sun Yi, Huang, et al. Detection and analysis of lead pollution in a battery manufacturer. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2005, 16( 1):66-67.

4 Zhang Yiqun, Shi Yuqiong, Luo Yutian, et al. Investigation report on a chronic lead poisoning accident. Occupational and Health, 2005,21(10):1472.

5 Zou Lingqi, Dong Yi, Ma. Investigation on lead pollution in a lead alloy smelting enterprise. Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2005, 3 1(3): 137.

Authors: 300300 Tianjin Dongli District Health and Epidemic Prevention Station.